• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2009

This study gives an account of the collateral standards in IEC 60601-1-3: 2008 specifying the general requirements for basic safety and essential performance of diagnostic X-ray equipment regarding radiation protection as it pertains to the production of X-rays. The collateral standards establish general requirements for safety regarding ionization radiation in diagnostic radiation systems and describe a verifiable evaluation method of suitable requirements regarding control over the lowest possible dose equivalent for patients, radiologic technologists, and others. The particular standards for each equipment can be determined by the general requirements in the collateral standard and the particular standard is followed in the risk management file. The guidelines for radiation safety of diagnostic radiation systems is written up in ISO 13485, ISO 14971, IEC 60601-1-3(2002)1st edition, medical electric equipment part 1-3, and the general requirements for safety-collateral standards: programmable electrical medical systems. Therefore the diagnostic radiation system protects citizens' health rights with the establishment and revisions of laws and standards for diagnostic radiation systems as a background for the general requirements of radiation safe guards applies, as an international trend, standards regarding the medical radiation safety management. The diagnostic radiation system will also assure competitive power through a conforming evaluation unifying the differing standards, technical specifications, and recognized processes.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제63권
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• pp.111-132
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• 2014

This paper analyzed the obligations of the parties entering into an international leasing agreements, focusing on the Draft Common Frame of Reference (DCFR) Book IV, Part B. The lessor's obligations are as follows. i) The lessor must deliver goods to the lessee by the due date of delivery so that the lessee can use the goods on the starting date of the lease agreement. ii) The lessor must conform with the contract so that the goods meet the purpose of the contract at the start of the lease agreement and throughout the period of the lease agreement. iii) If the lessee returns the goods upon the termination of the lease agreement, the lessor must cooperate with the lessee. The lessee's obligations are as follows. i) The lessee must pay rent, which is the most critical obligation of the lessee. ii) The lessee must cooperate with the lessor so that the lessor can perform the obligation to deliver the goods and accept the goods of which the lessee shall take control. iii) The lessee shall perform fiduciary duties while it uses and makes profits from the goods, and when the lessor cannot take any measure to protect the object, the lessee must prevent damage. Further, if the lessor pays expenses that are not considered necessary expenses, the lessor may not be reimbursed and must accept the goods after delivery to preserve them. iv) The lessee must give notice to the lessor if there is a possibility that a third party can claim rights to goods or infringe upon the lessor's ownership while using the goods. v) At the end of the lease period, the lessee must return the goods to the lessor.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.387-391
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• 2017

Kiwifruits introduced to Korea typically have green fruit flesh, yellow flesh, or yellow flesh with red coloration around the core. Here, we describe a new cultivar called 'Redvita', the first kiwifruit cultivar of Korea with yellow flesh and red coloration around the core. A conventional field cross was conducted in 2003, and permission for the final release of 'Redvita' was obtained in 2012. 'Redvita' originates from 'Red Princess', a maternal vine known for the red coloration in its flesh. The pollinizer is 'NHK0013' (IT233175), which blooms in early May. A principal feature of 'Redvita' is its high vitamin C content, which at an average of 140 mg per 100 g of fresh weight is 2 - 4 times higher than other commercial cultivars. The average fruit weight is 97 g; bigger than that of the control cultivar 'Hongyang'. 'Redvita' blooms in mid-May and is usually harvested in early to mid-October, approximately 150 - 160 days after anthesis. 'Redvita' produces 3 or 4 flowers per fruiting shoot, with no small lateral flowers, therefore does not need to be thinned before blooming for commercial production. The cultivar is acidulous because of a high titratable acidity content (about 1.5%), which is higher than other cultivars (less than 1.0%). 'Redvita' was registered with the Korean Seed and Variety Service in 2015 for plant variety protection rights (no. 5604).

• 의료법학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.227-255
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• 2011

Recently, many nations said "yes" to human embryonic stem cell research, signing an executive order to permit funding for the research in the mame of achieving health and life of humankind. Human Embryo Research is permitted by our Bioethics & Biosafety Act. But, illegal research cannot be divorced from civil liability since it requires the destruction of eggs of fertilized eggs and personal rights of embryo-creator. After all, though we allow to do research embryo, we should control the capacity of abuse of embryo research for embryo-creator. If research violate the law(Bioethics & Biosafety Act or Civil Law, etc), it comes to a delict by pecuniary loss and non-pecuniary loss. When it comes to pecuniary loss, Human Embryo is not body but special property. Supreme Court maintained a stance that mental suffering is generally deemed as compensable for damages for the loss of property where a person's property right is invaded by a tort or non-performance of obligation. Thus, where mental suffering occurs, which cannot be compensated by recovery of property losses, the situation must be a special circumstance and the injured could claim consolation money for such losses only if the offender knew or would have known of such special circumstances(Supreme Court Decision 96Da31574 delivered on Nov, 26, 1996, etc.). That is to say, Supreme Court regards mental suffering through person's property right invaded by a tort as damages that have arisen through special circumstances. According to Civil law article 393 (2), the injured could claim consolation money for such losses only if only if the offender had foreseen or could have foreseen such circumstances. Also our court will solve through damages for non-pecuniary loss by complementary function of consolation money in that pecuniary loss could be difficult to valuate.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2013

1952년1월 18일 이승만 대통령의 인접해양의 주권선언이후(평화선언) 일본은 독도에 관한 대한민국의 영유권을 인정하지 않고 이를 한 일간의 영유권에 관한 법적분쟁으로 보고 국제사법재판소에 부탁하여 해결하자고 1954년부터 틈틈이 주장하고 있다. 국제사법재판소는 한 일간의 독도의 영유권 귀속문제에 대해 당연한 관할권을 갖는 것이 아니며 또 대한민국정부는 독도문제해결을 위해 국제사법재판소에 제소하자고 하는 일본의 제의에 합의할 필요가 없다. 특히 대한민국정부는 독도영유권 문제에 대해 일본과의 사전 합의한바 없어 국제사법재판소의 관할권은 인정되지 않는다. 그러나 일본이 일방적으로 국제사법재판소에 제소할 경우 대한민국은 명시적 및 묵시적 동의 등의 국제사법재판소에 확대관할권을 부여하는 결과가 없도록 유념해야 할 것이다. 독도영유권 분쟁의 해결방법으로서 가장 훌륭한 방안은 대한 민국의 주권을 실력으로 행사하면서 독도에 대해 실효적 지배를 보다 강화해 나가는 것이다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.99-125
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• 2002

Fisheries cooperative requires dual characteristics in performing its original function. Economic characteristic as an business enterprise and democratic characteristic as cooperative entity need to complete its objectives and survive in the complex rapidly-changing environment. After IMF crisis, fisheries cooperative received enormous government's financial support and credit-business department is perfectly under government's control. Regional fisheries cooperative also faces business failure, therefore pure cooperative movement can't save the fisheries cooperative. Economic characteristic as an business enterprise is more emphasized than democratic characteristic as cooperative entity in recent years. The theory of corporate ownership and governance can be applied to explain the ownership and governance of fisheries cooperative because fisheries cooperative is now similar to an business enterprise. During the IMF crisis the board, the auditors and the minority shareholders in business enterprise were revealed to be powerless against the mighty influence of controlling shareholders. Unconstrained discretion exercised by those controlling shareholders not only led to the firms'insolvency, but also brought down the country's financial system. During the past few years, Korea has experienced many institutional changes regarding its corporate governance structure. The introduction of outside directors, the strengthening of minority shareholders' rights, and enhanced accounting transparency are achieved to improve the efficiency of economic system. Investors, including institutional and individual, also seem to be more aware of governance issues now. Credit-business department of fisheries cooperative is recommended to introduce the institutions same as the case of the corporate governance structure. Fisheries cooperative except economic and credit-business department requires other prescriptions because it is emphasized as democratic cooperative entity. But we should be careful to interpret the ownership and governance structure because they are products of nations, eras and organizations.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2015

최근 헬스케어는 다양한 의료 서비스를 제공받으려는 사용자가 급격하게 증가하고 있으며, 환자의 정보가 제3자에게 쉽게 노출되어 악용될 수 있어 환자에 따라 병원 관계자(의사, 간호사, 약사 등)의 역할이 명확하게 분류될 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 헬스케어 환경에서 환자의 정보가 제3자로부터 안전하게 사용하기 위해서 환자의 속성정보를 분류하고, 병원 관계자는 역할에 따라 권한을 분류하여 계층적 다중 속성을 이용한 환자의 프라이버시 보호기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법은 환자의 프라이버시 속성정보(데이터 소비자, 시간, 센서, 목적, 의무, 위임 그리고 상황 등)를 수학적 모델로 표현하고, 제 3자로부터 환자 정보가 불법적으로 악용되는 것을 예방하기 위해서 환자와 병원관계자 사이의 속성정보를 동기화하여 환자의 프라이버시 정보의 유출을 예방한다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2020

본 논문은 검찰개혁에 대한 검사의 정치적 중립성 확보방안을 중심으로 고찰하였다. 우리나라 검찰은 막강한 권한을 가진다. 그동안 검찰은 수사권, 기소독점권, 경찰 수사지휘권을 가지고 통제받지 않는 무한 권력을 만끽하였다. 검찰은 초임 검사에서 검찰총장까지 일사불란하게 움직이는 초유의 동일체 기관이다. 한국검찰만큼 권력을 가진 기관은 타국에 없다. 그런데 이런 권력을 누리는 검찰은 민주적통제가 제대로 이루어지지 않아 검찰개혁이라는 시대적 과제에 놓여있다. 한국 역사에서 권력의 눈치를 보지 않고 앞만 보고 권력 부패에 대하여 장검도를 휘두르는 그런 검사가 있었는가. 지금까지 검찰은 정권의 눈치나 보고 정권 수사에 입맛에 맞는 수사를 하였고 그 반대급부로 검사들은 출세 가도를 달렸다. 그래서 역대 정권은 검찰의 정치적 중립성을 보장하려고 무던히 애썼다. 이와같이 검찰개혁의 진정성을 분석하기 위하여 법적인 논리를 고찰하고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 첫째, 검사 및 검찰 권한을 고찰한다. 둘째, 정부 검찰개혁의 내용을 고찰한다. 셋째, 검찰개혁의 방향을 정립한다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-20
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• 1999

Since the late 1980s, there have been radical changes in the managerial environment of Y University Medical Center(YUMC). Externally, the competition among hospitals has intensified due to the establishment of universal health insurance in 1939 and the entrance of large enterprises into the health care industry in the early 1990s. In addition, government regulation of medical institution is becoming stricter. Also, consumer groups have continued to demand the respect for patient rights and improvement of the quality of medical services. Internally, the financial condition of YUMC has worsened, not only because weak control and poor mediation in its large-scale structure have made its operation inefficient, but also because the rates of increase in the prices of goods and labor have grown faster than any increases in revenues. This study on materials management at YUMC presents a way for YUMC to reduce costs and increase its productivity, thereby overcoming its financial difficulties and dealing with external pressures. This study utilized the case studies of the materials purchasing and medical supply management in the United States and the comparative analysis of management to suggest short-term and long-term alternatives for innovation in YUMC. The goals of the short-term alternatives for innovation are to centralize the purchasing and supply departments and to simplify the decision-making processes. Through these attempts, it is estimated that YUMC's costs could be reduced by $600,000 per year. In the long-term, it is necessary to consider introducing a Supply Processing Distribution(SPD) system and setting up a centralized electronic system for supply and inventory management, although it is difficult to estimate the effect of cost-cutting because of the lack of analysis data. Thus, YUMC should thoroughly analyze initial investment costs and economical efficiency generated from long-term alternatives.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.5829-5835
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• 2015

본 연구는 독특한 기업 지배구조 형태가 대리인비용을 완화시켜 차입비용을 감소시킬 수 있는지에 대해 실증 분석하였다. 지배대주주가 존재하는 가족기업은 그렇지 않은 기업에 비해 위험회피 경영과 기업의 성과와 명성 중시 및 기업의 장기 존속 등의 면에서 채권자들과 이해가 일치되어 부채의 대리인비용이 완화될 수 있다고 주장되었다. 본 연구에서 지배 대주주 지분율 및 외국인투자자 지분율 등 기업 지배구조와 차입비용 사이의 관계에 대한 실증 분석결과, 지배대주주 지분율과 외국인투자자 지분율은 차입비용에 대해 2008년 금융위기 이전에는 계수추정치가 유의적이지 못하였으나 2008년 금융위기 이후에는 계수추정치가 유의적으로 나타났다. 2008년 금융위기가 극복된 이후에, 지배대주주 지분율은 차입비용과 음의 유의적인 계수추정치를 보여 기업 지배구조에서 가족 지배대주주의 존재는 차입비용을 감소시키는데 크게 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 외국인투자자 지분율은 차입비용과 양의 유의적인 계수추정치를 보여, 오히려 차입비용을 증가시키고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해, 지배대주주 지분율이나 외국인투자자 지분율 같은 기업의 지배구조 형태가 기업의 차입비용과 신용위험에 미치는 영향은 체계적이며 계량적으로 유의적으로 나타나고 있으며, 취약한 지배구조는 주주들에게 부정적인 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라, 기업의 경제적 가치를 하락시켜 채권자들에게도 불리한 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것이 확인된 것이다.