• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2003

An effective die-polishing robot system is developed. ATC (Automatic Tool Change), tool posture angle control, and robot program for polishing application are developed and integrated into a robotic system that consists of a robot, pneumatic grinding tool, and grinding abrasives (papers and special films). ATC is specifically designed to exchange whole grinding tool set for complete unmanned operation. A tool posture angle control system is developed for the tools to maintain a specified skew angle rather than right angle on the surface for best finishing results. A PC and the robot controller control ATC and tool posture angle. Also, there have been more considerations on enhancing the performance of the system. Elastic material is inserted between the grinding pad and the holder for better grinding contact. Robot path data are generated automatically from the NC data of previous machining process.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2020

Recently, as the income level and quality of life have improved, the desire for a pleasant environment has increased, and a deodorization plan is required through thorough prevention and diffusion of odorous substances in waste treatment facilities recognized as hateful facilities, appropriate collection, and selection of the right prevention facilities. In this study, a waste disposal facility was modeled and computerized analysis for odor and ventilation analysis was conducted. Numerical analysis of the waste treatment facility was performed at the size of the actual plant. CATIA V5 R16 for numerical model generation and ANSYS FLUENT V.13 for general purpose flow analysis were used as analysis tools. The average air-age of the internal was 329 seconds, and the air-flow velocity was 0.384m/s. The odor diffusion analysis inside the underground pump room showed congestion-free air circulation through streamline distribution and air-age distribution. This satisfies the ASHRAE criteria. In addition, the results of diffusion analysis of odorous substances such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide were all expected to satisfy the regulatory standards. Particularly in the case of the waste loading area, the air-flow velocity was 0.297m/s, and the result of meeting the regulatory standards with 0.167ppm of ammonia, 0.00548ppm of hydrogen sulfide, 0.003ppm of methyl mercaptan, and 0.003ppm of dimethyl sulfide was found.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze chest-trauma patients and the old-aged patients with a traumatic hemopneumothorax. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 101 chest-trauma patients admitted to the department of cardiovascular and thoracic surgery from June 1999 to November 2008. We evaluated the general characteristics of the chest-trauma patient, especially those of old-aged patients with a traumatic hemopneumothorax. Results: Rib fracture was observed in 99 of the cases, the location distribution was right: left =261: 255, with right being dominant. Rib fractures commonly involved the 4th and the 7th rib. The average number of rib fractures was 5.1, and the average number of rib fractures in the old-aged patients was significantly higher than that in the non-old-aged patients (p=0.04). There were 17 cases of a hemopnuemothorax in old-aged patients, 52 cases in non-old-aged patients. The blood loss through the chest tube for old-aged patients was significantly more than that for the non-old-aged patients, and the initial hemoglobin level was lower in the old-aged patients. Conclusion: Elderly trauma patients are more likely to die after trauma than other age groups. Even with relatively stable vital signs, invasive hemodynamic monitoring and intensive treatment are recommended.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2002

This descriptive study was conducted to identify the attitude toward euthanasia of EMT and nursing students and to compare their attitude before and after clinical practice. The convenience sample was comprised of 40 first grade and 40 second grade EMT students attended at G college in G-city, and 40 first grade and 40 third grade nursing students attended at C college in C-province. The variable was tested with an euthanasia attitude scale developed by Kim Ae Kyoung(2001). The valid responses were obtained and analyzed by using SPSS PC+ from November 25 to December 6, 2002. The results showed that most of the respondents agreed to have positive attitude toward euthanasia in terms of client's right and client's quality of life. Also, they thought that euthanasia should be legalized and the right to die with dignity should be guaranteed. The EMT respondents having a clinical experience showed significantly higher score than respondents having no experience in the subarea of medical ethics, and nursing respondents who had a clinical practice showed significantly higher score than others no experience in the subarea of quality of life. But, the other sub-areas had no significant difference between the respondents before and after clinical practice. The attitude toward euthanasia composed of sub-areas such as being after the quality of life, having a high regard for a life and recognizing client's right was not affected by the single factor of clinical practice. Therefore, much supportive intervention need to be done for the students about the significant affecting factors found in this study like a religion, values, education and observing experience of someone's death.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.506-510
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• 2016

A triple-band (TB) oscillator was implemented in the TSMC $0.18{\mu}m$ 1P6M CMOS process, and it uses a cross-coupled nMOS pair and two shunt $4^{th}$ order LC resonators to form a $6^{th}$ order resonator with three resonant frequencies. The oscillator uses the varactors for band switching and frequency tuning. The core current and power consumption of the high (middle, low)- band core oscillator are 3.59(3.42, 3.4) mA and 2.4(2.29, 2.28) mW, respectively at the dc drain-source bias of 0.67V. The oscillator can generate differential signals in the frequency range of 8.04-8.68 GHz, 5.82-6.15 GHz, and 3.68-4.08 GHz. The die area of the triple-band oscillator is $0.835{\times}1.103mm^2$.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.3-8
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• 2002

An intelligent polishing robot automation system is developed. Automatic Tool Change System(A.T.C.), Tool Posture Angle Control, and Robot Program for Polishing Application are developed and integrated into a robotic system that consists of a robot, pneumatic finding tool, and finding abrasives (papers and special films). A.T.C. is specifically designed to exchange whole grinding tool set for complete unmanned operation. Tool Posture Angle Control is developed to give a certain skew angle rather than right angle to tools on the surface for best finishing results. A.T.C. and Tool Posture Angle Control is controlled by a PC and the robot controller. Also, there have been some considerations on enhancing the performance of the system. Some elastic material is inserted between the grinding pad and the holder for better grinding contact. The robot path data is generated automatically from the NC data of previous machining process.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2007

Since the human race set foot on the earth, an unremitting effort to the free oneself from the fear of death. It was used ways and means like religion, power and a war to this end that the achievements of one's lifetime for a great man have power and wealth proved. But, there are remain proposition, all man will be die in spite of a lot of effort. The purpose of this study is recognize theoretical background of funeral culture based on present studies and a recent statistical data, and provide data for err from the right path of a funeral policy and improve consciousness of person. And, There wish inflected a basic data when Architectural Planning of funeral facilities to institutional background and facilities situation.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제43집
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• pp.67-102
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• 2022

이 연구의 목적은 대순진리회 해원상생에 내포된 인권 요소를 중심으로 북한헌법의 자체적 인권과 북한 주민의 인권 실상에 대해 고찰하는 것이다. 해원상생은 선천의 상극적 자연법에 지배된 인간의 원한을 해소하고 인간 서로서로 잘되게 해주는 의미를 가진 새로운 자연법이다. 해원상생의 자연법에는 인간 존엄의 가치인 생명권, 자유의사에 따라 결정하고 말하며 행동할 수 있는 자유권(신체의 자유, 양심의 자유, 종교의 자유, 언론의 자유, 출판의 자유), 사회적 환경에서 평등한 대우를 받을 권리인 평등권, 치료를 통해 최고 수준의 건강을 확보할 권리인 건강권이 내포되어 있다. 북한헌법에는 헌법의 근본원리인 천부적 인권을 보장하기 위한 제도적 장치로서의 성격이 없고, 독재자와 독재체제를 옹호하고 주체사상을 완성하기 위한 혁명 전사의 권리를 규정하고 있다. 생명권은 사회정치적 생명론에 따라 개인의 생명이 집단의 생명에 귀속되도록 명시되어 있다. 자유권은 집단주의 원칙에 따라 개인의 이익보다 집단의 이익을 더 우선시하도록 명시되어 있다. 평등권과 건강권은 계급적 차별을 명시하여 차별적 대우를 정당화시켰다. 북한 주민의 생명권은 북한형법과 형법부칙의 사형제도로 인해 보장받지 못하고 있다. 북한 정권은 공개처형을 통해 북한 주민이 인간으로서 존엄하게 죽을 수 있는 권리까지 박탈하고 있다. 북한 정권은 노동당의 지시로 적법절차가 이루어지게 하고, 종교를 미신 또는 아편으로 인식하며, 노동당이 언론과 출판물을 감시하게 하여 신체·종교·언론·출판의 자유를 보장하지 않는다. 북한 주민은 신분에 따라 분류되고, 가부장적 질서에 따라 전근대적 생활방식을 강요받으며, 평등권을 보장받지 못하고 있다. 또한 의료분야 가용성·접근성의 양극화와 무상치료제의 붕괴로 건강권을 보장받지 못하고 있다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제3권
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• pp.1-150
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• 1989

Oriental medicine thinks life and death as the following. 1. The universe seems to be a kind of organism which is divided into 3 branches, as Heaven, Earth and Man. Man is not created from nihil by the Creator. Heaven and Earth by their interaction operate to produce man. This is similiar that zygote is not created from nihil, and that sperm and ovum are transformed into zygote by their interaction. The symbolic meaning of sperm is Heaven, and that of ovum is Earth. Mind and body, as well as spirit and body, are not the real, but artificial words for the purpose of observing and expressing one man. So there is not spiritual substance as distinct from body. The expected life span of man is subjected to change, and is always becoming through life. Fate, the Creator and the world to come cannot be said to be. 2. After one's death, man is transformend into Heaven and Earth. Dying is this process of transformation. Although man comes into existence and closes one's life, the total life of the universe does not change. The criteria of determination of death is not in cell death, but in somatic death. Somatic death divided into 2 branches, one is heart-lung death, the other is brain death. For the standard of health changes ceaselessly as time goes by, aging and dying is not the process of losing health. Because of mind cannot be seperated from body, we'll feel at ease bodily and mentally in healthy dying. The completion of lifetimes is the value of healthy dying. 3. From the viewpoint of these, we must think to let a person die healthily is the right medical ethics. The way to let a person die healthily is divided into 3 branches, one is treatment, another is prevention and the other is promotion of health. We should treat and prevent death of sickness, but take care of healthy dying.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.606-617
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to measure the marginal fidelities and the fracture strength of IPS Empress $2^{(R)}\;and\;In-Ceram^{(R)}$ ceramic crowns. After constructed of 12 experimental dies for each group, ceramic crowns were fabricated on the metal master dies prepared on the maxillary right premolar Marginal gaps were measured on the specimen between the margin of each crown and finish-ing line of the metal master die by using stereo-microscope($SZ-ST^{(R)}$ Olympus, Japan) and all specimens were cemented on the metal master die with Bistite $II^{(R)}$ (Tokuyama soda Co, LTD., Japan) resin cement. Finally marginal gaps were measured again. To measure of the fracture strength, buccal incline on the functional cusp of specimens were loaded until the catastrophic failure occurred by using the AGS-1000 $D^{(R)}$(Shimadzu, Japan). The result of marginal fidelities and fracture strength were statistically analyzed with the SPSS version 8.0 programs. The results of this study were as follows : 1. No significant difference was found in the mean marginal fidelities and fracture strength between the IPS Empress $2^{(R)}\;and\;In-Ceram^{(R)}$. 2. In comparison of marginal fidelities between before and after cementation, there was significant difference(P<0.05). The IPS Empress 2 system was shown in this study that had good marginal fidelities and fracture strength compared to In-Ceram ceramics. Although this system was acceptable to clinical applications, the system still has to be considered long-term researches about marginal fidelities and fracture strength due to the lack of data about the clinical researches.