• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.28
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• pp.3-36
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• 2005

Most legal systems provides the aggrieved buyer with a right to put an end to the contract. Unlike Civil Law systems, the right is rather complicated and uncertain in Common Law systems because they do not sharply distinguish between a refusal which amounts merely to a defence in the nature of the exceptio non adimpleti contractus, and one which is intended to abrogate the aggrieved party's obligations completely and to seek restitution of what he has already performed. That is, they do not draw any sharp distinction between the right of rejection or revocation and the right to put an end to the contract. This explains why the right to put an end to the contract under Civil Law systems are often compared with the right of rejection or revocation under Common Law systems in most academic papers. Having said that, this article describes and analyzes in detail the relevant UCC rules to the buyer's right of rejection and revocation, particularly the rules on the requirements for the right of rejection or revocation. This is for the purpose of providing legal advice to our sellers residing either in U.S.A. or in Korea who plan to enter into U.S.A markets and take academics' interest in the buyer's right which is deemed to be unique compared to the Civil Law systems. In addition, the study attempts to compare the rules as to the right of rejection and revocation under the UCC with those of English law which are stipulated mainly in the Sale of Goods Act (1979) in a statutory form. This may help one better to understand the rules of the UCC which are mostly originated with English law and to find in what way the rules of the UCC depart from those of English law.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.463-469
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• 2016

In this paper, the use of a dual composite right/left-handed coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line is proposed for the design of a band rejection filter. The notch property of the filter is achieved by combining the convex signal line with the shorted concave meander line, and the equivalent circuit model is extracted from the geometry of the unit cell for organizing the band rejection property. Then the equivalent parameters of the unit cell are analyzed to identify those behaviors. And the dispersion characteristics and energy distributions are simulated. In the end, the band rejection filter is manufactured by cascading two proposed unit cells. We show that the measurement result for the resonant frequency demonstrates good agreement with the simulation result and the band rejection filter provides a rejection performance of 17.5 dB at the stopband frequency ranging from 869 MHz to 894 MHz.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.15-28
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• 2021

Purpose -In the credit transaction, the issuing bank must examine the documents to pay the credit amount. In order to smoothly execute the credit transaction, document review is a key element, so the 5th revised credit unification rule specifically defines the document review procedure. Research design, data, and methodology - The document review procedure specified in the UCP Rules can be largely divided into the document review period and the rejection procedure for inconsistent documents. First of all, confusion was caused by the ambiguous regulation.. Result - With regard to the document review period, in the actual credit transaction, the issuing bank often negotiates with the issuing client about the waiver of the document inconsistency. Next, in the process of notifying the rejection of inconsistent documents, the issuing bank shall send the rejection notice. Conclusion - This study suggests that the requirement to list all inconsistencies makes it impossible for the issuing bank to further notify the refusal, thereby limiting the right to defend against inconsistencies not listed in the first refusal notice and consequently having the effect of matching them. In addition, the issuing bank's rejection notice is closely related to the beneficiary's exercise of the right to replenish documents.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.37
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• pp.357-379
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• 1999

In recent years, the subject of peer rejection in school settings has received increased attention in the massmedia and counseling literature. This study focused on the effect of individual and environmental factors on peer rejection. Dependent variable was the number of perpetrating peer rejection and independent variables were psychological, behavioral, familial factors, exposure of peer rejection and perception about school policies. Ordered Probit model was employed because of the nature of limited dependent variable. The data were collected from 714 middle-school student in Seoul. Major findings were as follows. First of all, the adolescents who has aggression and problematic behaviors in school were more likely to participate in peer rejection. Second, negative parent-children relationships and the family structure didn't have significant effects on peer rejection. And there were not a significant effect of attitude toward academic value and academic achievement on peer rejection. Third, environmental risk factors such as negative peer relationship and the exposure to rejection had a significant increasing effect on peer rejection. But consistent school policies didn't have a significant effect. In conclusion, this study confirmed that peer rejection in school settings was affected by school environment such as negative-peer relationship, and exposure to rejection. Therefore, comprehesive and systematic intervention programs should be required to ensure that all the pupils at school have a right to learn in a safe and fear-free environment.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.47-52
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• 2008

In order to enhance the rejection performance of the UWB bandpass filter based on the Composite Right- and Left-Handed Transmission-line(CRLH-TL) Metamaterial cell, we propose the lowpass filtering concept that fits into the design objectives : Keeping metamaterial property and miniaturization. So the bandpass filter itself is made far less than a quarter-wavelength and a pair of symmetric comprises lowpass filtering blocks are placed before and after the center CRLH filter which comprises tile interdigitated coupled lines and short-circuited stob. The design result will show the size of 'guided wavelength/8', the fractional bandwidth over 100%, the insertion loss much less than 1 dB, a flat Group-Delay and a good return loss performance, as expected.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.425-428
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• 2012

We propose some properties for fuzzy hypotheses testing by the principle of the rate of internal division on delta-levels. By the rate of internal division, we show that the acceptance and rejection degree for fuzzy the fuzzy hypotheses and reduce the spread of the fuzzy variance with average of the center and left or right spread of fuzzy number data.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.416-424
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• 1989

We have performed eight, single transplantations of right lung in dogs from September, 1988 to March 1989 at the Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgical department, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. We wrapped bronchial anastomosis site with great omentum and used cyclosporin in preoperative and postoperative periods in seven cases except one. The one without wrapping the bronchial anastomotic site with omentum and using cyclosporin died due to bronchial anastomotic site rupture in postoperative fourth day. If there is no reason to choose one side over the other, we would generally choose to do left-sided transplant as this is technically somewhat easier because of the long length of recipient bronchus and the ease of clamping the left atrium proximal to the pulmonary veins. The right atrium limits the amount of left atrium that can have incorporated into the clamp proximal to the pulmonary veins on the right side. But we had chosen to do right-sided transplant of lung because we must take variable technical experiences on right sided lung transplant in dogs. We have to anastomose one of pulmonary vein and left atrial wall on right-sided transplant easily only with double ligation of one pulmonary vein because right atrium limited the clamp of left atrium proximal to pulmonary veins with decreased venous return and cardiac output in some dogs. All seven dogs with right-sided lung transplant had survived more than one day with good condition except one. The one dog have to be sacrificed to evaluate the difference between the gas analysis in pulmonary venous and arterial blood in post-operative eight hours. We found hemorrhagic pulmonary edematous changes of contralateral left lung in this dog. And also all dogs have to be sacrificed for the evaluation of surgical problems, anytime in post-operative periods without any cardiopulmonary resuscitative efforts when the general condition would be worse progressively. We found no any surgical technical errors in seven dogs except one with thrombi in suture site of left atrium. There were hemorrhagic pulmonary edematous changes of transplanted right lung in one, of contralateral left lung in one, of contralateral left lung with double ligation of its pulmonary artery in one, thrombi around left atrial sutures sites in one, multiple air leakage in one bronchial rupture in one due to rejection or infection. There were accidental extubation and delayed intubation in one and unknown cause of death in one.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.552-557
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• 2007

Background: B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a cardiac hormone that is primarily synthesized by the ventricular cardiac myocytes. Increased plasma BNP levels have been observed in patients suffering with congestive heart failure, ventricular hypertrophy and myocaridits and also during heart transplantation rejection. We investigated the serum BNP level as a predictive marker for rejection after heart transplantation. Material and Method: To test the usefulness of measuring the BNP level in cardiac transplant patients, consecutive blood samplings for BNP, right ventricular endomyocardial biopsies, hemodynamic measurements and transthoracic echocardiogram were all done in 10 such patients between January 2004 and August 2005 at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery in Asan Medical Center. Two groups were identified with using the median value: the low BNP group (n=28, BNP: ${\le}290$ pg/mL) and the high BNP group (n=29, BNP: >290 pg/mL). We retrospectively analyzed rejection, the ejection fraction, tricuspid regurgitation, left ventricular hypertrophy, the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and the right atrial pressure between the 2 groups. Result: There were no differences in age, gender, rejection, the ejection fraction, tricuspid regurgitation, left ventricular hypertrophy and the right atrial pressure between the 2 groups (p>0.05). However, a higher pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and a higher mean pulmonary atrial pressure were observed in the high BNP group (p<0.05). Further, BNP has linear correlation with the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (r=0.590, p<0.001). Using the cut-off value of 620 pg/mL, the BNP predicted a high PCWP (>12 mmHg) with a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 91.1% (AUC: $0.900{\pm}0.045$, p<0.001). Conclusion: The BNP level after heart transplantation does not show any significant correlation with rejection, yet it might be a predictive marker of ventricular diastolic dysfunction.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.34-38
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• 2015

A band stop filter is proposed with cascading unit cells that are based on a dual composite right/left-handed (D-CRLH) conductorbacked coplanar waveguide. The parameters of the unit cell have been analyzed to confirm the behavior of each component for the equivalent circuit of the cell. We simulated the dispersion characteristics and energy distribution and have determined that the unit cell has a D-CRLH property. The band stop filter was implemented by symmetrically cascading two of the proposed unit cells. The experimental results for the band stop filter revealed a band rejection performance of 32 dB and a return loss of 0.35 dB in the stopband frequency range from 869MHz to 954MHz. Finally, we show that there is a good agreement in the experimental results and those obtained through the simulations.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1462-1469
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• 2008

This paper proposes the design method based on the Composite Right/Left-Handed(CRLH) structure to miniaturize and enhance the rejection performance in the stopband of the bandpass filter for a VHF band($169{\sim}211\;MHz$). For realization, we used the 0-th order resonance point of the CRLH and the simple theory of Inverter as coupling. The proposed technique is validated by the performance predictions and experiments, (Insertion loss <2 dB, $S_{11}$< -15 dB, suppression of up to the 3rd harmonic) and it is found out that the suggested method enables the size reduction of around 60 % from the conventional filters such as the parallel edge coupled type.