• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of loading position on plantar center of pressure(COP) displacement when carrying a schoolbag during walking. Methods : Forty-four normal subjects were randomly assigned to five groups according to the method of carrying a schoolbag. The carrying a schoolbag methods were classified into five conditions: no bag (condition 1), a backpack (condition 2), a shoulder bag (condition 3), a cross bag (condition 4), a one-hand bag (condition 5). COP displacement such as anteroposterior distance and mediolateral distance of COP were measured with F-scan system. The repeated one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test were used to confirm the statistical significance. Results : In the comparison of parameters of COP displacement between conditions, anteroposterior distance and mediolateral distance in the left foot and mediolateral distance in the right foot were not significantly different(p>.05), but anteroposterior diatance in the right foot was significantly different(p>.05). Between left and right foot, at condition 1 and 5 the mediolateral distance of COP was significantly different(p<.05) but anteroposterior distance at condition 1 and 5, anteroposterior distance and mediolateral distance of COP at condition 2, 3 and 4 were not significantly different(p>.05). Conclusion : These findings showed that the various loading position by five types of carrying a schoolbag didn't have influence significantly on COP displacement on during walking because of mechanism of postural adaption.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2021

Although re-expansion pulmonary edema (RPE) is rare (incidence rate <1%), it is associated with a mortality rate of >20%; therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are important. We report a case of RPE following chest tube insertion in a patient with spontaneous pneumothorax. We have specifically focused on the mechanism underlying RPE and the possible etiology. An 82-year-old man with a history of chronic anemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension was referred to the emergency department for management of recurrent right-sided pneumothorax. We performed emergency closed thoracostomy for suspected tension pneumothorax, which led to stabilization of the patient's vital signs; however, he coughed up frothy pink sputum accompanied by severe right-sided chest pain 30 min postoperatively. The patient showed new-onset right pulmonary consolidation on chest radiography, as well as desaturation, tachycardia, and tachypnea and was diagnosed with RPE. He was transferred to the intensive care unit for mechanical ventilation and supportive treatment using diuretics, ionotropic agents, and prophylactic antibiotics. RPE gradually resolved, and the patient was extubated 3 days after admission. He has not experienced recurrent pneumothorax or pulmonary disease for 4 months. We emphasize the importance of RPE prevention and that aggressive ventilator care and supportive treatment can effectively treat RPE following an accurate understanding of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms and risk factors.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.381-387
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• 2023

Background: Frailty is defined as a condition of being weak and delicate, and it represents a state of high vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. Recent studies have suggested that the cingulate gyrus is associated with frailty in the elderly population. However, few imaging studies have explored the relationship between frailty and the cingulate gyrus in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: Eighteen right-handed patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis were enrolled in the study. We used the FreeSurfer software package to estimate the cortical thickness of the regions of interest, including the rostral anterior, caudal anterior, isthmus, and posterior cingulate gyri. The Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and laboratory tests were also conducted. Results: The cortical thickness of the right rostral anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) was significantly correlated with the Fried frailty index, age, and creatinine level. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the cortical thickness of the right rostral ACG was associated with frailty after controlling for age and creatinine level. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the cortical thickness of the rostral ACG may be associated with frailty in patients with ESRD on hemodialysis and that the rostral ACG may play a role in the frailty mechanism of this population.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
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• 통권36호
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• pp.217-236
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• 2014

본 연구는 애니메이션의 전문적인 특성을 고려한 드로잉 교수법을 연구하기위한 문헌분석 과정으로 뇌의 기능과 학습, 창작 기제를 고려한 교수법을 적용하면 애니메이션 드로잉능력이 효율적으로 신장될 것이라는 관점의 연구를 위한 원리분석 과정이다. 최근 들어 각 분야의 교육방법에 대한 대안적인 논의로 뇌기반 학습원리가 적용된 연구결과들이 발표되고 있다. 이는 미술과 드로잉 교육 뿐만 아니라, 예술전반적인 교육적 대안으로 적용 실시되고 있다. 반면, 애니메이션 드로잉은 미술적 소양을 필요로 함과 동시에 움직임에 대한 구조적 지식과 인지적 감각, 소통방식을 숙련할 수 있는 종합적인 교수법을 요하는 것에 비해 전문적인 교수법 개발 연구는 미진하다. 이에 효과적인 교육의 원리를 뇌의 기제로 바라보고 뇌가 학습하고 창의성을 발휘하게 되는 원리를 분석하여 본다. 또한 그림그리기와 뇌의 기능에 대한 원리관계를 통해 드로잉과 뇌의 관계를 알아본다. 그 결과 구조와 형태를 그릴 수 있는 인지적 정보를 관할하는 좌뇌 뿐만 아니라, 그리기와 직접적 관련이 있는 우뇌를 통합 발달시켜야 하며, 창의성이 발현되기 위해서는 물리적, 심리적 요소가 발현되는 통합적 뇌의 기제를 이해한 교수법이 개발되어야함이 드러났다. 애니메이션드로잉교육은 드로잉 능력에 필요한 예술적 창의 속성을 발휘하는 방법을 교육하는 것이기 때문이다. 이 과정은 기존의 애니메이션드로잉 교수법과의 차별성을 찾아내는 토대가 될 뿐만 아니라, 뇌기반-원리는 이후 교육의 전략과 방법 모형을 설계하는데 핵심적인 전략적 정의로 선정될 것이다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2003

This paper may provide a basic design data for the safer car seat mechanism and the quality of the material used by finding out the passenger's dynamic behavior when protected by seat belt during collision. A computer simulation with finite element method is used to accomplish this objective. At first, a detailed geometric model of the seat is constructed using CAD program. The formation of a finite element from a geometric data of the seat is carried out using Hyper-Mesh that is the commercial software for mesh generation and post processing. In addition to seat modeling, the finite element model of seat belt and dummy is formed using the same software. Rear impact analysis is accomplished using Pam-Crash with crash pulse. The part of the recliner and right frame is under big stress in rear crash analysis because the acceleration force is exerted on the back of the seat by dummy. The stress condition of the part of the bracket is checked as well because it is considered as an important variable on the seat design. Front impact model which including dummy and seal belt is analyzed. A Part of anchor buckle of seat frame has high stress distribution because of retraction force due to forward motion of dummy at the moment of collision. On the basis of the analysis result, remodeling and reanalysis works had been repeatedly done until a satisfactory result is obtained.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제48권
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• pp.3-23
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• 2010

In letter of credit arrangements, the issuing bank nominate a reimbursing bank which serves as a source of funds payment to the beneficiary. The reimbursing bank could be 3rd party bank or the issuing bank itself. In view of working capital requirements, most beneficiary want to get export proceeds in advance through nominated banks and therefore letter of credit usually permit the beneficiary to negotiate drafts, accompanied by required documents, to nominated bank. If the credit is available with the nominated bank, there must be a reimbursement instruction in the credit, because in this method of availability the issuing bank is obliged to reimburse the nominated bank if that bank acts on its nomination There are legal relationship among issuing bank, nominated bank and reimbursing bank with regard to reimbursement activities. Related rules are UCP and URR and UCC (in case of USA). Korean exporters and bankers do not appear to know well the role of reimbursement and usage. 3 cases (court case + ICC Opinion + bad practices) were employed to study the reimbursement mechanism and suggest better usages. The beneficiary is strongly recommended to know the benefit of reimbursement claim from independent reimbursing bank. The benefits include speed payment (thereby saving finance costs) and safe funds (in case of stop payment by the issuing bank right after the proceeds are reimbursed). And further the beneficiary banks (being nominated or claim banks) are also recommended to take advantage of the 3rd party reimbursement in view of the cases illustrated.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.906-912
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• 2009

오프라인에서는 학습자와 교수자간의 직접적인 학습 내용 전달과 의사소통으로 보다 효율적인 학습이 이루어진다. 이에 가상 학습에서는 특정 학습 영역에 대한 검색 기능과 평가 후 관련 학습 영역으로의 자동 피드백 연결등의 기능으로 이러한 부분을 해결하고 있다. 그러나 검색결과에서 가장 적합한 학습 영역을 선택하고, 현재의 학습을 위해 선행되어져야 할 이전 학습 영역을 선택하는 것들이 학습자의 몫이기 때문에 학습 내용에 익숙하지 않은 학습자에겐 오프라인 학습에 비해 많은 어려움이 따른다. 본 논문에서는 학습자가 전체 학습 내용의 흐름과 단원간의 연관성 및 학습 방향을 잡는데 도움을 줄 수 있는 보다 다양한 시각에서의 색인 메커니즘을 제안한다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2017

두경부 편평상피세포암은 전세계적으로 6번째로 흔하며 예후가 불량한 암종이다. 면역 감시는 두경부암의 발생과 진행을 억제하는 중요한 기전으로 알려져 있다. 두경부암세포는 면역 감시를 T세포의 관용을 유도하거나 체크포인트를 통한 T세포 기능을 억제하는 등의 방법으로 회피할 수 있다. 한편 진행성 두경부암 임상연구에서 체크포인트 억제제는 명확한 항종양효과를 입증하였다. 이처럼 면역항암제가 중요한 암치료 방법으로 떠오르는 이때에 본 종설은 두경부암의 면회회피 기전 및 임상적용근거에 대한 최근 지식을 정리하였다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.107-115
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• 1999

Hydrocarbon emission from spark ignition engines deeply relates with fuel evaporation mechanism. Therefore, fuel evaporation on the back of the intake valve is very important to understand fuel evaporation mechanism during engine warm up period. Intake valve heat transfer model was build up to estimate the amount of fuel evaporation on the intake valve back . Intake valve temperature was measured intake valve temperature is increased rapidly during few seconds right after engine start up and it takes an important role on fuel evaporation. The liquid fuel evaporation rate on the intake valve back proportionally increases as valve temperature increases, however its contribution slightly decreases as intake port wall temperature increases. The fuel evaporation rate on the valve back is about 40∼60% during engine warm-up period and it becomes about 20∼30% as intake port wall temperature increases. The estimation model also makes possible model also makes possible to review the effect of valve design parameters such as the valve mass and seat area on fuel evaporation rate through intake valve heat transfer.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influnce of afferent stimuli, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and ultra sound, on the electrdiagnostic study of normal subjects. Electrodiagnostic study was performed before and after the application of afferent stimulation of the right popliteal fossa on 18 healthy female volunteers. After the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, there is no significantly change of latencies and amplitudes of SEP, H-reflex, peroneal nerve F-wave, and sensory nerve conduction. After the ultra sound, there is no significantly change of latencies and amplitudes of SEP, H-reflex, peroneal nerve F-wave, and sensory nerve conduction. Tibial nope F-wave and motor nerve shows prolonged latency after TENS and US (p<0.01). Ultrasound may have a similar mechanism of action compared to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation by having localized inhibitory effects of the peripheral nerve. However, further investigation is needed to assess their mechanism of action and the precise relevance of stimulation modality.