• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.86-90
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• 2003

Little is known to data about the in vitro activity of antimicrobial agents aganist Brucella cams (B cams) isolated from Korea. Our study aimed at determining the in vitro activities of 15 antimicrobial agents against 3 isolates and 52 isolates of B cams from dogs in 1994 and 2002, respectively. In minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) study, minocycline and doxycycline showed the lowest MICs ( < 0.06-0.5 ug/ml). Gentamicin, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and rifampin showed MICs in the range of less than 1 ug/ml. Lincomycin and sulfisox azole showed the highest MICs ( > 32 ug/ml). Interestingly, MICs of macrolides (erythromycin, spiramycin, tylosin) against 52 isolates in 2002 were 16-64 times higher than that of 3 isolates in 1994. In minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) study, gentamicin, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin showed the lowest MBCs [0.12-1 ug/ml (1-2 times higher than MIC)], but minocycline and doxycycline showed the highest MBCs [8-32 ug/ml (128 times higher than MIC)]. Rifampin showed the MBCs in the range from 2 to 4 ug/ml (2-4 times higher than MIC).

• 대한임상약리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.12a
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• pp.5-5
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• 2002

• Journal of the Korean neurological association
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.354-357
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• 2018

Transient isoniazid-induced brain lesions have rarely been reported. The lesions were in the dentate nucleus of cerebellum and thalamus. Meanwhile, the neurotoxicity of rifampin has not been reported evidently. We observed bilateral lesions in the internal capsule in a young woman after taking a combination of isoniazid and rifampin. She transiently suffered numbness in both hands, dysarthria, and left side motor weakness while taking the medication. Isoniazid may induce structural lesions in various brain areas including the internal capsule.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.41-58
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• 2003

Background : The resurgence of tuberculosis and the widespread emergence of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis have emphasized the importance of rapid and accurate diagnostic procedures. Recently, the oligonucleotide chip has proven to be a useful tool in the rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to rapidly and accurately detect specific mutations in the rpoB, katG and rpsL genes associated with rifampin, isoniazid and streptomycin resistance in M. tuberculosis, respectively, using a single oligonucleotide chip. Method : For detection of drug-resistance, 7 wild-type and 13 mutant-type probes for rifampin, 2 wild-type and 3 mutant-type probes for isoniazid, and 2 wild-type and 2 mutant-type probes for streptomycin were designed and spotted onto glass slides. Fifty-five cultured samples of M. tuberculosis were amplified by PCR, and then underwent hybridization and scanning. Direct sequencing was done to verify the results from the oligonucleotide chip and to analyze the types of mutations. Result : Thirty-five cases out of 40 rifampin-resistant strains(~88%) had mutations in the rpoB gene. One case had a new mutation(D516F, GAC R TTC) and another known mutation together. Twenty cases out of 42 isoniazid-resistant strains(~50%) had mutations in the katG gene, while 7 cases out of 9 streptomycin-resistant strains(~78%) had mutations in the rpsL gene. From these results, the oligonucleotide chip was confirmed to be able to detect the most frequent mutations from the genes associated with rifampin, isoniazid and streptomycin resistance. The results proved that the drug-resistance detection probes were specific. When the results from the oligonucleotide chip and DNA sequencing were compared, the types of mutations were exactly matched. Conclusion : The diagnostic oligonucleotide chip with mutation specific probes for drug resistance is a very reliable and useful tool for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of drug resistance against rifampin, isoniazid and streptomycin in M. tuberculosis infections.

• 대한임상약리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.12a
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• pp.16-16
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• 2003

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2010

A trimethoprim resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which cause acute gastroenteritis in humans, was isolated from farmed fish and seawater. The resistance profiles of isolated V. parahaemolyticus and their correlation with mobile elements were investigated. All of the V. parahaemolyticus were resistance to both rifampin and trimethoprim. The presence of class I integron was confirmed by PCR. PCR-amplified inserted gene cassettes contained aminoglycoside aac6-II, rifampin arr-3 and trimethoprim dfrA27 resistance genes. This study indicated that class I integron mainly contributed to the circulation of trimethoprim resistance determinants in V. parahaemolyticus.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.716-720
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• 2010

Background: Cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis is the most common form of peripheral tuberculous lymphadenitis. The American Thoracic Society recommends 6 months of isoniazid, ritampin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide for treatment of peripheral tuberculous lymphadenifls, but even with this recommended treatment, frequent relapse occurs in actual clinical situations. Material and Method: The medical records of 38 patients diagnosed and treated for cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis between February 1997 and February 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Result: The study included 14 males (36.8%) and 24 females (63.2%), with a mean age of $36.9{\pm}16.3$ years. The most frequent symptom was palpable neck mass in 24 patients (63.2%); 10 patients (26.3%) complained of fever or chills. Only nine patients (23.7%) had radiologic abnormalities. All patients received anti-tuberculous medications for at least 7 months, with isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide for the first 2 months, and then isoniazid, rifampin and ethambutol given for more than 5 months. Relapse occurred in 7 patients (21.2%). Conclusion: Since many patients with cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis have no symptoms and show no radiologic abnormalities, diagnosis and treatment tend to be delayed. Considering the high relapse rate, the anti-tuberculous medication period should be longer than 6 months and this is recommended by the American Thoracic Society.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 1979

Ninety-five strains of Shigella, 70 of Salmonella paratyphi A, and 230 of Salmonella typhi were tested for their resistance to drugs. Also studied was the inhibition and elimination of drug resistance. All except one strain of Shigella consisted of 79 Sh. flexneri and 16 Sh. sonnei were multiply resistant to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, and splfisomidine. Among them, 70 strains were resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin, 80 to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 22 to nalidixic acid, and one to kanamycin, but strain resistant to gentamicin, cephaloridine, and rifampin was not encountered. All strains of S. paratyphi A and S. typhi were susceptible to drugs tested, except sulfisomidine and rifampin, for which all S. paratyphi A were slightly resistant to sulfisomidine and the majority of S. paratyphi A and S. typhi were slightly resistant to rifampin. Approximately 80% of multiply drug-resistant Shigella transferred their resistance to E. coli by conjugation, and the resistance was considered to be mediated by R plasmids. The frequency of transfer of drug resistance varied by donor strains and recipients, but not by selecting drugs. Resistance to nalidixic acid was not transferred by conjugation to the recipients. Drug-resistant Shigella strains successively subcultured in nutrient agar stabs contained clones resistant to drugs and those susceptible to drugs, but the ratio of resistant and susceptible clones varied by strains. The multiply drug-resistant S. typhi and Shigella strains were found to not lose completely their drug resistance by subculture in media. Acriflavine has some effect on the elimination of drug resistance mediated by R plasmids, but the effect varied markedly by strains. Atabrine has no effect among strains tested. The combination of drugs increased the drug actions in majority of cases with synergistic or additive effects.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.344-352
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• 2003

Background : The prevalence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), resistant to isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RFP), was 5.3% worldwide in 1995 and its increment has raised important public health problems. Resistance to RFP, one of the key drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis, results in grim clinical outcome. Recently rapid detection of RFP-resistant mutations in rpoB gene based on PCR method has become available. This study evaluated the prevalence of RFP resistance in first diagnosed, treatment failure, and recurred patients using INNO-LiPA test, and compared the results of INNO-LiPA with those of conventional mycobacterial drug susceptibility test. Methods : Forty-six patients, who were diagnosed of pulmonary tuberculosis and had revealed positive sputum AFB smear, were enrolled in this study from 1998 to 2002. The cases were classified as one three groups; first diagnosed, treatment failure, or recurred. RFP resistance was studied using an INNO-LiPA Rif. TB kit and compared with that obtained from drug susceptibility based on M. tuberculosis culture study. Results : Twenty-one out of 46 patients were enrolled under first diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, 17 under treatment failure with first line drugs, and 8 under recurrence. The positive and negative predictive values of INNO-LiPA test in diagnosis in RFP resistant tuberculosis compared with conventional mycobacterial drug susceptibility test were 85.7% and 76.0%, respectively. INNO-LiPA result revealed rpoB gene mutation in 20 (80.0%) out of 25 patients who were diagnosed as treatment failure or recurrence, but in only 4 (19.0%) out of 21 patients who were first diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion : This study showed that RFP resistance could be diagnosed rapidly and accurately using INNO-LiPA test and that this test might be helpful for choosing second line anti-mycobacterial drugs. It might be of great help in clinical diagnosis and decision when used in complimentarily with drug susceptibility test based on M. tuberculosis culture.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2005

Background : To evaluate the clinical efficacy of pulmonary resection combined with first-line antituberculous drug therapy in patients with well-localized, cavities-containing pulmonary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Method : From February 1998, seventeen patients with well-localized, cavities-containing pulmonary MDR-TB were enrolled and followed prospectively up to December 2004. After radical pulmonary resection, the patients were treated with antituberculous drugs comprising of isoniazid (H), rifampin (R), pyrazinamide (Z), ethambutol (E), and streptomycin (S) (3HERZS/3HERS/6HER). Results : All recovered isolates of M. tuberculosis were resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin, and to a mean of 4.8 antituberculous drugs (range, 2 to 7 drugs). Surgical procedures included lobectomy (13 patients), lobectomy plus segmentectomy (3 patients), and pneumonectomy (1 patient). The median time for postoperative sputum smear and culture conversion was 2 days (range, 1 to 23 days). Fifteen (94%) patients had durable cures (mean follow-up period, 39.0 months). One patient failed to convert her sputum and was successfully switched to second-line therapy; one patient developed active disease again almost 7 years later, likely due to re-infection with a new M. tuberculosis strain. Conclusion : Radical resection combined with administration of first-line antituberculous agents was effective in patients with well-localized, cavities-containing pulmonary MDR-TB.