• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제46권6호
• /
• pp.487-493
• /
• 2013

The effects of long-term fertilization on soil biological properties and microbial community structure in the plough layer in a rice paddy soil in southern Korea were investigated in relation to the continuous application of chemical fertilizers (NPK), straw based compost (Compost), combination these two (NPK + Compost) for last 40 years. No fertilization plot (Control) was installed for comparison. Though fertilization significantly improved rice productivity over control, the long-term fertilization of NPK and compost combination was more effective on increasing rice productivity and soil nutrient status than single application of compost or chemical fertilizer. All fertilization treatments had shown significant improvement in soil microbial properties, however, continuous compost fertilization markedly increased soil enzyme and microbial activities as compared to sole chemical fertilization. Results of microbial community structure, evaluated by EL-FAME (ester-linked fatty acid methyl esters) method, revealed big difference among Control, NPK, and Compost. However, both Compost and Compost+NPK treatments belonged to the same cluster after statistical analysis. The combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic amendments could be more rational strategy to improve soil nutrient status and promote soil microbial communities than the single chemical fertilizer or compost application.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국약용작물학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.164-165
• /
• 2011

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2006년도 Grop Science and Biotechnology in the 21st Century
• /
• pp.13-13
• /
• 2006

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경농학회 2011년도 30주년 정기총회 및 국제심포지엄
• /
• pp.283-283
• /
• 2011

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.120-129
• /
• 2018

This experiment was conducted to find the most suitable crop establishment method and weed management practices for transplanted aman rice in Bangladesh. Rice variety Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) dhan44 was used as planting materials where three crop establishment methods ($T_1$: direct wet seeding by drum seeder; $T_2$: hand broadcasting; $T_3$: transplanting) and four weeding options ($W_1$: Hand weeding (HW); $W_2$: BRRI weeder+HW; $W_3$: Herbicide+HW; and $W_4$: no weeding) were tested. Among the crop establishment methods, the highest grain yield ($5.12t\;ha^{-1}$) was obtained with the $T_3$, while the highest benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 2.08 was found in $T_2$. In case of the weed management method, $W_1$ showed superior results on the plant $density/m^2$ (139.66) at 60 days after transplanting (DAT), grain yield ($4.97t\;ha^{-1}$), and BCR (2.03). On the other hand, the highest plant dry matter (36.20 g) at 60 DAT and the highest yield ($6.10t\;ha^{-1}$) were obtained in a $T_3W_1$ combination. The results of this study show that the productivity of rice during aman season could be most significantly increased with the use of transplanting ($T_3$) alone, hand weeding ($W_1$) alone, or a combination of the two methods ($T_3W_1$).

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.300-300
• /
• 2017

'Saemimyeon' a Tongil-type rice variety (Indica ${\times}$ Japonica), which contains high amylose contents is suitable for rice noodle production. Nowadays, the major parts of rice processing industry that includes products like rice flour and noodles are expected to partially replace wheat flour market. The volume of rice noodle market is getting bigger and can contribute to the rice surplus and farmer's income. This study was carried out to promote productivity and flour-making quality of 'Saemimyeon' by finding the most suitable transplanting and harvesting times. The transplanting days used were May $10^{th}$, May $17^{th}$, May $24^{th}$, May $31^{th}$, June $7^{th}$ and June $14^{th}$ and the planting distance used was 30 x 12cm. In addition, harvesting time was determined by days after heading time (40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 days). The field experiment was conducted at the experimental field in Miryang (Southern plain area of Korea) from 2015 to 2016. Our results suggest that the optimum transplanting days were from May $24^{th}$ to May $31^{th}$ which resulted to an average yield of 748~751kg/10a. Interestingly, yield was sharply decreased below 700kg/10a before May $10^{th}$ and after June $7^{th}$. The average grain filling rate before May $31^{th}$ was more than 83% but it declined to 75% after June $7^{th}$. The average temperature ranges from heading time to harvesting time was $ 21\sim25^{\circ}C$ and the estimated optimal temperature was $23.4^{\circ}C$ which is similar to May $24^{th}$ by regression equation. We found that the optimal harvest time was 45~50 days after heading time. It is hypothesized that low temperature at seed maturation time caused the lower grain filling rate therefore 'Saemimyeon' need to be transplanted before May $31^{th}$ for higher productivity. We found no statistical variation in amylose contents among experimental plots (28.2~30.4%). We conclude that the productivity of 'Saemimyeon' highly depends on temperature that is critical for grain filling stage controlled by transplanting time.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.II
• /
• pp.378-387
• /
• 2000

A rice mill plant with a capacity of 2.5 ton/hr was constructed with automated facilities at Chonnam National University. A simulation model was developed with SLAM SYSTEM for evaluating and improving the rice mill plant. The developed model was validated in the views of hulling efficiency, milling efficiency, milled rice recovery, other materials produced, and bottlenecks in the processes. The results of hulling efficiency, milling efficiency, milled rice recovery in the simulation were, respectively, 81.1%, 89.5%, and 73.1%, while those of the actual mill plant were 81.5%, 90.2%, and 73.5%. The simulation results including the productivity of other materials(chaff, bran, broken rice, stone, etc) produced in the processes were almost similar with those of the actual process. In the simulation the bottlenecks were found out in the processes of separating brown rice and of sorting colored rice. These phenomenon also appeared in the actual process. It needed to increase the hourly capacity of the brown rice separator and the rice color sorter. As the developed model could well express the automated rice mill plant, it could be used for designing and improving rice mill plants. In addition, an alternative model needed to be developed for the system control more accurately and for increasing the rice quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.356-362
• /
• 2006

This study aimed to assess the effects of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) from rice straw on blood metabolites and productivity of dairy cows in the tropics. Eight Holstein ${\times}$ indigenous (75-87.5% Holstein) were randomly allocated to dietary treatments according to a double $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Contents of roughage NDF from rice straw were 12.8, 14.8, 16.8 and 18.8% dry matter (DM) and concentrate NDF content was 10.2% DM, so that levels of dietary NDF were 23, 25, 27 and 29% DM. Dietary treatments were isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets. The average maximum and minimum temperature humidity index during the experimental period were 85.6 and 76.9, respectively. Plasma glucose (p<0.05), dry matter intake and 4% fat corrected milk (p<0.01) decreased with increasing contents of roughage NDF from rice straw, while rectal temperature, serum urea, cortisol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p<0.05), serum total protein and ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate (p<0.01) increased. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol were not affected (p>0.05). Decreased rectal temperature and concentrations of serum cortisol were associated with decreasing levels of ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate and serum urea, but with increased concentrations of plasma glucose, DMI and 4% fat corrected milk indicating that lactating cows fed lower fiber diets were in lower oxidative stress. Therefore higher intake and metabolic efficiency in dairy cows fed diets lower in roughage NDF from rice straw would be of an advantage in productive systems under tropical conditions.

• 한국농림기상학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.57-72
• /
• 2018

기후스마트농업(Climate-Smart Agriculture, CSA)이 성취되고 있는지에 대한 정량적인 평가방법을 구축하기 위해 타워 기반의 플럭스 관측 시계열 자료를 활용할 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 벼농사가 지배적인 전형적인 비균질 농경지를 대상으로 CSA의 첫 번째 목표와 관련된 생산성과 효율성 평가를 시도하였다. 이를 위해 해남 농경지에 위치한 KoFlux 사이트(HFK)에서 2003년부터 2015년까지 벼의 생장기간 동안에 관측된 탄소, 물 및 에너지 플럭스의 시계열 자료를 분석하여 일련의 정량적인 지표들을 평가하였다. 이 연구기간 동안에 HFK에서는 네 가지의 다른 품종(동진 1호; 2003-2008, 남평; 2009, 온누리; 2010-2011, 새누리; 2012-2015)의 벼가 경작되었다. 전반적으로 품종을 구분하지 않을 경우, 연구기간 동안의 HFK의 총일차생산(GPP)은 800 - 944 g C m-2, 물사용효율(WUE)은 1.91 - 2.80 g C kg H2O-1, 탄소사용효율(CUE)은 1.06 - 1.34, 그리고 광사용효율(LUE)은 0.99 - 1.55 g C MJ-1이었다. 벼 이외의 다른 식생이 포함된 HFK의 비균질성을 고려하여 어림 잡아 비교해 보면, 네 품종 중에서 동진1호를 재배했을 때에 HFK의 생산성이 아시아의 단일 벼논의 생산성과 비슷했고 WUE도 높았던 반면에 CUE는 상대적으로 낮았다. 또한, 새누리를 재배했을 때에도 HFK가 비슷하게 높은 생산성을 보였으나 동진1호보다 생장기간이 상대적으로 길었다. 따라서 동진1호가 지배적인 HFK가 CSA의 관점에서 더 좋은 특성을 보여 준다. 그러나 현실적으로는 농부들이 해충 저항성이 동진1호보다 높은 새 누리를 재배하고 있다. 이는 CSA의 나머지 두 목표의 하나인 탄력(resilience) 향상을 통한 적응력 강화와 관련된 것으로 온실가스 방출 저감을 포함한 총체적인 평가가 이루어져야 함을 시사하며, 이에 대한 평가와 분석이 현재 진행 중에 있다.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.59-71
• /
• 2021

This study investigated the extent to which rice producers from the Ayeyarwaddy Region of Myanmar could improve their productivity if inputs were used efficiently in rice cultivation. To achieve this objective, simple random sampling was used to collect data from 300 rice growers in the study area. Data were analyzed with the translog stochastic frontier approach to understand the production efficiencies. The study further estimated the influencing factors that affect the efficiency levels of rice farmers. The empirical result reveals that the average technical, allocative, and economic efficiencies were at 76.11, 47.85, and 34.15%, respectively. This suggests that there is considerable room for improving rice production by better utilization of the available resources at the current level of technology. This study suggests that strenthening agricultural training programs and adoption of improved rice varieties may reduce overall inefficiencies among rice farmers in Myanmar. Factors like age, household size, education, farming experience, farm size, rice variety, training, and off-farm income have a significant impact on increasing/decreasing farmer's efficiency. Efficiency can be improved by establishing farmer field school programs to increase the scale of operations. The government should encourage young educated people to participate in paddy production and also intervene to reduce input prices and control the quality of seeds.