• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.311-315
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• 2000

Mulberry leaves Julpyun(a traditional Korean rice cake) was prepared by adding Mulberry leaves powder in the ratio of 0%, 3%, 6% and 9% of rice flour, and tested for inorganic nature, physical function, chromaticity, and rheological properties. As the ratio of mulberry leaves powder increased, both the amounts of major inorganic ingredients, calcium, magnesium, and sodium, and the amounts of minor inorganic ingredients, iron, copper, and zinc, were increased proportionally. Thus, one way to increase the amounts of inorganic ingredients appeared to add mulberry leaves powder. In physical function test, control cake(0% mulberry leaves) showed the highest value in appearance and the value decreased as the amounts of mulberry leaves increased. In color, 3%-mulberry leaves-Julpyun gave the highest value followed by 0%, 6%, and 9%-Julpyun in order. The values of texture and moisture were decreased as the ratio of mulberry leaves powder increased. In rheometer test, 9%-mulberry leaves Julpyun showed the high values in hardness, cohesiveness, and brittleness. Therefore, as the amounts of mulberry leaves powder increased, the amounts of inorganic ingredients increased, but the value of physical function test decreased. 9% mulberry leaves Julpyun has the highest value of rheometer test.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.571-580
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to assess the optimum coating ratio for rice, using various ratios of mulberry leaves extract, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%, and to determine the optimum ratio of added water, in proportion to the total weight of mulberry rice. The moisture content of the soaked rice, and the optimum water uptake rate, moisture content of the cooked rice, as well as its blue and color values, mechanical characteristics, internal structure and sensory evaluation, were analyzed. The statistical data analyses were completed using the SAS program. The results are summarized as follows: The moisture content of mulberry rice was less than that of raw rice. The average optimum water uptake of the soaked mulberry rice at the different water temperatures, 10, 20 and 30, was 20% of the total weight of the raw mulberry rice. As for the results of the sensory evaluation,; 140% water, in proportion to the total weight of raw mulberry rice, was judged to be the optimum. The average moisture content of the cooked mulberry rice was 45∼50%, but there was no significant difference in the various coating ratios. The blue value of the cooked mulberry rice awas highest on the first day of cooking. The L- and a-values decreased with increasing coating ratio, but the b-value increased under the same conditions. As for the mechanical characteristics,; the adhesiveness, hardness and springiness decreased during 2 days of storage. The internal structure of the mulberry rice, observed by SEM, showed a close structure on increasing the coating ratios of mulberry leaves extracts. It was concluded that the optimum coating ratio of mulberry rice and ratio of added water for cooking wereas 1.5 and 140%, respectively, in proportion to the total weight of raw mulberry rice.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제22권4호통권94호
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• pp.468-476
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to determine the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Zelkova leaf extract and the sensory and textural characteristics of Zelkova leaf rice cake. The ethyl acetate layer of Zelkova leaf extract showed the most effective DPPH radical and superoxide anion scavenging activities. The residual layer of Zelkova leaf extract exhibited potent cytotoxicity against the HeLa cell line. In the sensory evaluation, the color and taste of Zelkova leaf rice cakes were not significantly different. Zelkova leaf rice cakes with 20%(5.18), 25%(4.94) and 30%(4.88) added Zelkova leaves showed higher overall acceptability than 0%(4.06) added Zelkova leaves. In the textural analysis, the hardness of the Zelkova leaf rice cake increased slowly with increasing leaf content during 3 day storage. The cohesiveness of 25% and 30% Zelkova leaf rice cakes showed no variation with storage time but that of 0% Zelkova leaf rice cakes decreased with increasing storage period. The 'L' value of Zelkova leaf rice cake decreased with increasing leaf content while the 'a' value of 0% Zelkova leaf rice cake was lower than that of 20%, 25% and 30% Zelkova leaf rice cakes.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.603-610
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• 1993

송피 및 모시풀의 첨가량을 각각 달리하여 떡을 제조하고 저장기간별로 관능검사와 기계적 측정을 행하여 이들 야생식물이 떡의 품질에 미치는 영향을 비교 검토하였다. 송피 및 모시풀의 첨가량에 따른 제품의 수분 함량은 17.28% 첨가시 7~10%까지 증가하였으며, 백편의 경우는 제조후 시간이 경과함에 따라 제품의 수분함량이 약 2~5%까지 감소하였으나, 송피 및 모시풀의 첨가군에서는 약 1~3% 감소하였다. 송피 및 모시풀의 첨가량에 따른 제품의 호화도는 17.28% 첨가시 가장 높았으며, 시간이 경과함에 따라 0%, 4.32% 첨가군은 급격한 저하를 보인 반면, 8.64%, 12.96%, 17.28% 첨가군은 완만한 저하현상을 보였다. 송피의 첨가량을 달리한 시료의 저장시간별 관능검사 결과 조직의 부드러운 정도와 촉촉한 정도 그리고 쫄깃한 정도는 0%, 4.32% 첨가군보다 8.64%, 12.96%, 17.28% 첨가군에서 다소 높게 나타났으며(p<0.05), 색과 향기는 첨가량에 따른 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 제품의 전반적인 바람직한 정도는 송피 첨가시료에서 더 좋게 평가되었고, 저장시간이 경과할수록 송피 첨가량이 많은 시료가 높은 값을 나타내었다. 모시풀의 첨가량을 달리한 시료도 송피떡과 유사한 경향을 보였다. 송피 및 모시풀의 첨가량을 달리한 시료의 기계적 텍스쳐 측정 결과 0%, 4.32% 첨가군에서는 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 견고성이 크게 증가하였으나 첨가량이 증가할수록 완만한 증가현상을 나타내었다. 응집성과 탄력성은 각 시료간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으며 점착성은 송피와 모시풀의 첨가량이 높아짐에 따라 증가하였으며 17.28% 첨가군에서는 시간이 경과함에 따라 큰 감소를 보이지 않은 반면에 첨가량이 적은 군에서는 시간이 경과함에 따라 큰 감소를 보였다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.107-129
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to understand features of the present condition of green tea food by analyzing the data on tea foods presented in Korean literature after the 1990's (two articles from professional journals related to tea culture, and three books related to tea food). The main conclusions are as follows: 1. It is found from separating 354 different kinds of green tea foods into three categories - main dishes, side dishes and desserts - that there are 137 kinds of side dishes, 123 kinds of desserts, and 94 kinds of main dishes from green tea foods. Upon dividing these into smaller categories, there are 40 rice dishes, 27 noodle dishes, 18 gruel dishes and 9 dumpling dishes found among the main dishes; 26 pan fried dishes, 24 potherb/cooked potherbs dishes, 17 deep-fried dishes, 15 soup/broth dishes, 14 grilled dishes, 11 smothered dishes, 10 hard -boiled/fried dishes, 6 kimchi dishes, 4 dried food dishes, 4 jelly dishes, 4 stew dishes, and 2 raw fish dishes among the side dishes; and 37 snack dishes, 36 punch/drink dishes, 26 rice cake dishes, and 24 bread dishes are found among the desserts. 2. There are 201 kinds of green tea foods using powders, 107 kinds using wet tea leaves, 61 kinds using dry tea leaves, 57 kinds using water of drawn tea, and 17 kinds using wild tea leaves, according to analysis of teas used for green tea foods. There is more use of powder for snacks, punch and drinks, rice cakes, noodles, and breads, and more use of wet tea leaves for rice, pan fried food, and potherb/cooked potherb dishes. It is also shown that there is more use of water from drawn tea for rice, punch and drinks, noodles, and gruels, more use of dry tea leaves for snack, rice, breads, and more use of wild tea leaves for deep-fried and pan fried kinds of tea foods.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.51-64
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• 2023

The sustainable management of rice straw is essential for protection of human health and environment. This study assesses the impact of stock density of earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) on the quality of the final vermicompost. The vermicompost is produced using different combinations of rice straw, Neem leaves, and cow dung (bulking agent) by varying stock density of earthworms. The vermicomposting experiments are performed in plastic containers (32 cm × 28 cm × 28 cm) in open for 90 days under laboratory conditions. The stock density of the earthworm is found to be an important factor to influence nutritional quality of the final vermicompost. There is observed significant improvement in the total nitrogen (91.8%), phosphate (73.4%), potassium (38.8%), and calcium (59.05%) content of the vermicompost produced with the highest stock density of the earthworms. All the treatments showed decrease in TOC and C:N content after 90 days of vermicomposting. The treatment with Neem leaves showed maximum growth of earthworms (2.65 fold). Neem leaves brought positive changes in the quality of final vermicompost by enhancing the growth and reproduction of the earthworms. The calcium content increased by 39% in the final vermicompost with the addition of Neem leaves at the same stock density of the earthworms. The stock density of the earthworms and Neem leaves are found to significantly improve quality of the final vermicompost as compared with the compost (control). The surface morphology in SEM images showed high degree of fragmentation in the vermicompost as compared with the compost. The combined action of microbes and earthworms resulted in high degree of disintegration in the vermicompost.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1968

This experiment was undertaken the purpose of investigating the difference of the content of free amino acids in the diseased and healthy leaves of the resistance and susceptible rice varieties, to blast by means of paper chromatography. The results obtained are summarized as follows. (1) In the healthy and diseased leaves, the former was founded nine to tell sorts of free amino acids and later was observed eleven. In the both of leaves, alanine and valine were contained in larger amount, and aspartic acid, glycine and arginine were found relatively less in general. (2) In the diseased leaves, the amino acids were increased in quantity, especially glutamine and aspartic acid were remarkable, and cystine were found only in the diseased ones. (3) It seems to that the health leaves in all varieties were observed the amino acid contents, in notably increase and decrease, but in the diseased ones were not changed in amount. Tatacho, susceptible variety was more contained the amount of glutamine and aspartic acid than Zenith, resistance one.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.376-383
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to determine the optimum amount of perilla leaves to add to rice flour in the preparation of Sulgidduk(perilla leaf rice cake). By increasing the perilla leaf level in the formulation, the moisture contents of samples increased ($42.06{\sim}48.17%$), and their L-values decreased. The control and 16% perilla leaf Sulgidduk had higher a-values than the other samples, and the 8% perilla leaf Sulgidduk had the highest b-value. According to the mechanical evaluation results, hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and fracture decreased with increasing amounts of added perilla leaf. However, the springiness of samples during storage did not differ significantly according to the level of added perilla leaves. From the sensory evaluation results, the 12% perilla leaf sample received the highest overall-acceptability scores. In conclusion, according to its sensory and mechanical qualities, the optimal Sulgidduk formulation consisted of 12% perilla leaves added to rice flour.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.175-178
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• 1982

벼줄기굴파리의 2화기 피해에 있어서, 이삭 및 잎의 피해양상과 용위화치를 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 상수율과 공흔발생에 있어, 통일계가 일반계에 비해 높았다. 2) 상수의 피해위치에 있어, 일반적으로 출수기가 이를수록 이삭 하부에, 늦을수록 이삭 상부에 피해를 받았다. 3) 통일계에 있어, 상부 또는 중부 피해 이삭경에 있어서는 상엽에 공흔, 1엽에 무공흔의 경우가 가장 많았고, 하부피해이삭경에서는 모두 무공흔의 경우가 가장 많았다. 4) 용화위치는 지엽과 1엽의 엽초내이었으며, 특히 지엽에 현저히 많았다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2007

We studied changes in the biochemical and physiological status and ROS-scavenging enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) activity in leaves and roots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants exposed to high salinity. Under salt stress, the reduction in RWC (relative water content) in leaves was relatively severe in comparison with that of roots. The proline content was also significantly higher in leaves of rice plants following salt treatment. The activities of CAT and POX in roots increased with increasing NaCl concentration, but the activity of SOD decreased. These results suggest that the increase of endogenous proline is closely associated with the increase of CAT and POX activities, which may play important roles in salt tolerance. Therefore, we conclude that the alleviation of oxidative damage and increased resistance to salinity may result from the presence of efficient antioxidative systems.