• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.414-417
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• 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Korean Red Ginseng marc with aluminum sulfate as litter amendments on ammonia, soluble reactive phosphorus, and pathogen populations in poultry litters. Methods: Increasing levels of Korean Red Ginseng marc with aluminum sulfate were applied onto the surface of rice hull as a top-dress application; untreated rice hulls served as controls. Results: Treatment with Korean Red Ginseng marc with aluminum sulfate or aluminum sulfate alone resulted in lower litter pH (p < 0.05), as compared with that of the controls. There were some differences (p < 0.05) between treatments with Korean Red Ginseng marc with aluminum sulfate or aluminum sulfate alone and controls at 2-4 wk (not at 1 wk). Ammonia levels reduced on an average by 29%, 30%, and 32% for 10 g, 20 g Korean Red Ginseng marc with aluminum sulfate, and aluminum sulfate alone, respectively, as compared with controls at 4 wk. During the experiment, Korean Red Ginseng marc with aluminum sulfate or aluminum sulfate treatment had an effect (p < 0.05) on soluble reactive phosphorus content, as compared with the controls (not at 4 wk). A decrease in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli was observed (p < 0.05) in litter amended with both Korean Red Ginseng marc with aluminum sulfate and aluminum sulfate alone, as compared with the control, except at 1-3 wk for Salmonella enterica and 1 wk and 4 wk for Escherichia coli, respectively. Conclusion: The results showed that using Korean Red Ginseng marc with aluminum sulfate (blends), which act as acidifying agents by reducing the pH of the litter, was equally effective as aluminum sulfate in reducing the environmental impact.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.438-447
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• 2008

"Gyuhapchongseo" was published in 1809, and introduced the cooking method of the noble class in the late Joseon dynasty. The characteristics of the side dishes in "Gyuhapchongseo" are as follows. Firstly, red pepper was used as whole red pepper, shredded red pepper, powdered red pepper, or Korean hot pepper paste. Secondly, salt-fermented fish was used in some forms of Kimchi, including Sukbakgi, Dong A Sukbakgi, and Gyochimhae. Thirdly, to retain the juiciness of meat during roasting, meat was spread cold water on the surface, dipped into the washing water of rice or wrapped with wet paper. Fourth, to improve the visual effect of a dish, cooked foods were displayed with various color schemes, panfried foods with two tones (egg white and yellow) of color on each side and the use of radish pigmented with deep red color. On examination of the characteristics of food in "Gyuhapchongseo", I would suggest applicable practices for the present cuisine. The use of gravy produced from the boiling down of fish flesh could raise the nutritive value of Kimchi. In "Gyuhapchongseo", Yak po (semi-dried minced beef) is noted as being good for elderly people with bad teeth. A steamed dish with dog meat in Dong A in "Gyuhapchongseo" is made by hollowing out Dong A and putting a dog in it to cook the dog meat to well done in a fire made with the hulls of rice. This technique could be used to present cuisine for steamed and roasted dishes using food ingredients such as pumpkin, sweet pumpkin, and overripe cucumber.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2005

This study was conducted to determine the odor reduction efficiency of a biofilter desist using different filter materials. The summary of results are as follows; 1. The airflow penetration rate of the different filter materials namely; rice straw, woodchips, rice hulls and sawdust were 0.72 m/s, 0.64 m/s, 0.48 m/s and 0.17 m/s, respectively. 2. The elimination of $NH_3$ gas was fastest in the rice hull at a rate of 4 mg/${\iota}$ followed by sawdust, woodchips and rice straw at 3 mg/${\iota}$, 3 mg/${\iota}$ and 7 mg/${\iota}$, respectively. 3. The filter material made of wood chips was able to eliminate the offensive gas known as $H_2S$ at a rate of 2.2 mg/${\iota}$ on the 7th day, 17.6 mg/${\iota}$ on the 21st day but decreased to 10.7 mg/${\iota}$ on the 36th day. In contrast, the filter material composed of sawdust had a continuous increase in the reduction of $H_2S$ at a rate of 12.3 mg/${\iota}$ on the 7th day, 18.3 mg/${\iota}$ on the 21st day and 20.1 mg/${\iota}$ on the 36th day. The above findings indicated that among the filter materials, sawdust was the most effective in absorbing $H_2S$. Airflow penetration rate can be related to $H_2S$ odor elimination efficiency as shown by the slowest airflow rate of sawdust which is only 0.17 m/s.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.764-769
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• 2010

간척지 세사양토 토양에 Bermuda grass 재배 시 토양개량제의 시용이 토양 입단화도에 미치는 효과를 보기 위하여 이수석고 1550 (G1), 3100 (G2), 6200 (G3) kg $10a^{-1}$, 팽화왕겨 1000 (H1), 2000 (H2), 3000 (H3) kg $10a^{-1}$, 팽화왕겨 1500 kg $10a^{-1}$에 zeolite를 200 (HZ1), 400 (HZ2), 800 (HZ3) kg $10a^{-1}$을 각각 조합처리 하는 등 3종의 토양개량제를 처리하고, 60, 90, 120 DAT (처리 후 경과 일수)에서 입단크기별 입단생성 정도를 분석하였다. 60 DAT 세사양토에서 이수석고 단일처리 효과는 G3경우 1.0-2.0 mm의 입단이, 무처리구 보다 4.66% 감소시키고 있어서 이수석고 시용수준은 1550 kg $10a^{-1}$이하였다. 팽화왕겨와 팽화왕겨+zeolite는 토양의 입단 증가에 기여한 효과가 뚜렷하였다. 토양개량제별 입단생성에 대한 효과는 팽화왕겨${\geq}$팽화왕겨+zeolite>이수석고>무처리 순이었다. 90 DAT에서 토양입단형성에 기여한 G1>G2>G3>무처리순으로 이수석고의 시용증가가 오히려 세사양토의 입단형성정도를 감소시켰다. 이때의 이수석고 시용수준도 1550 kg $10a^{-1}$ 이하였다. 90 DAT에서 팽화왕겨처리에 의한 토양입단형성은 이수석고 처리 경우 보다 7% 이상이 높았다. 특히 2이상과 2.0-1.0 mm의 입단의 양이 높아지고 있었다. 90 DAT에서 토양의 입단형성을 위한 팽화의 시용양은 1000 kg $10a^{-1}$ (H1) 이하였다. 팽화왕겨 1500+zeolite 200 kg $10a^{-1}$ (HZ1) 처리구가 90 DAT에서 입단화도가 52.78%로 가장 효과적이었다. 특히 2 mm 이상과 2.0-1.0 mm의 입단이 무처리구 비하여 2-4배 높았다. 120 DAT에서 팽화왕겨 2000 kg $10a^{-1}$ (H2)의 입단화도가 51.50%로 가장 높게 나타나고 있어 팽화왕겨처리는 입단형성 작용뿐만 아니라 입단유지에도 효과적이었다. 팽화왕겨처리 (1550 kg $10a^{-1}$)와 zeolite 800 kg $10a^{-1}$조합처리 구에서 48.51%의 입단화도를 나타내고 있었다. 결과적으로 계화도 세사양토의 입단형성 증가를 위한 토양개량제의 처리효과는 팽화왕겨>팽화왕겨+zeolite>이수석고 순이었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.396-401
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• 2010

본 연구는 농산부산물인 왕겨, 보리외피, 대두외피에 적당한 열처리 및 활성화 처리를 하여 다양한 크기의 다공성 표면을 가진 회화재 및 활성탄 형태의 흡착제를 제조하여 식용유지의 불순물인 유리지방산과 색소 성분인 lutein에 대한 흡착 효과를 살펴보았다. 회화재 형태의 흡착제인 왕겨 회화재(RHA), 보리외피 회화재(BHA), 대두외피 회화재(SHA)는 처리 농도가 증가할수록 유리지방산 흡착 효과도 증가하여 대두 유의 산가가 감소하였는데 SHA와 BHA의 유리지방산 흡착효과가 컸고 RHA와 실리카의 효과는 작았다. SHA와 BHA는 5% 처리시 탈검 대두유의 산가를 82~86% 감소시킨데 비해 RHA는 29%, 실리카는 19% 감소시켰다. 회화재 형태의 흡착제 처리와 달리 활성탄 형태의 흡착제인 왕겨 활성탄(RHC), 보리외피 활성탄(BHC), 대두외피 활성탄(SHC)은 처리 농도를 증가시켜도 유리지방산 흡착 효과가 증가하지 않았다. RHC는 5% 처리시 탈검 대두유의 산가를 16%, BHC와 SHC는 8~10% 감소시켰으나, 상업용 활성탄은 거의 영향을 주지 않았다. 흡착제 종류별 lutein 제거 효과에서는 회화재 형태의 흡착제의 경우 7~8%의 미미한 감소를 보인 반면, 활성탄 형태의 흡착제의 경우 5% 처리 농도에서 RHC는 56%로 가장 큰 흡착 효과를 보였고, BHC는 41%, SHC는 52%, 상업용 활성탄은 49%의 lutein 함량 감소를 나타냈다. 따라서 lutein에 대한 흡착 효과는 회화재 형태의 흡착제보다 활성탄 형태의 흡착제가 훨씬 뛰어남을 알 수 있었다. 회화재 형태의 흡착제들은 비표면적과 전체 세공 부피는 작으나 세공의 크기가 큰 중간 세공이나 거대 세공으로 주로 이루어져 있고, 이런 특성이 유지 중에 불순물로 함유되어 있는 유리지방산 흡착과 관련이 있는 것으로 보인다. 반면에 색소 성분인 lutein은 회화재 형태의 흡착제 처리에서는 거의 감소 효과가 없고 활성탄 형태의 흡착제에서 감소 효과를 보인 것으로 보아 미세 세공에 흡착되는 특성이 있는 것으로 보인다. 따라서 흡착제를 이용하여 식용유지를 정제할 때는 회화재 형태와 활성탄 형태의 흡착제들을 혼합하여 사용하면 유리지방산과 lutein을 동시에 제거할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.99-106
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• 1986

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of moisture content, temperature, C/N ratio and pH of the sewage sludge mixed with hulle and sawdusts for making compost under aerobic condition and to improve the defect of the structure of experimental equipment heat lose and handling method. and obtained results were as follows 1.The temperature was reached 73$^{\circ}$ C around 50 hours fermentation in the condition of 0.8 L/min. of air and 60.4% of moisture content. and favorable moisture content of initial condition ranged from 50 to 65% 2.The temperature near bottom of the batch composter was decreased due to evaporate water vapor and lose the heat produced during aeration. and it is required to be improved. 3.The temperature in the batch composter from the center to the inside wall surface was gradually decreased. the temperatures of the points located in r=9cm and the wall surface were 4$^{\circ}$ C and 6$^{\circ}$ C respectively. and therefore it is required to be insulated. 4. The maximum C02 production was obtained as 7.3% per volume in the temperature of 63$^{\circ}$C at the moisture content of 60% 5.The temperature range of active microbes growth was found to be as 20$^{\circ}$C to 40$^{\circ}$C in the case of mesophiles and 50$^{\circ}$C to 65$^{\circ}$C in the case of thermophiles due to increase and decrease C02 production. 6.C/N ratio after decomposition was 1.3 to 2.6 smaller than that of initial one due to increase the amount of nitrogen. The more C/N ratio increased. the less the reaction velocity decresed. The optimum of it as found to be 30. 7.pH values after decomposition were slightly increased than that of initial ones. The reaction velocity was decreased at acid and alkall condition. Therefore it is neseseary to neutralize the medium to improve the reaction.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.72-79
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• 2003

The impregnated activated carbons were prepared by the incipient wetness method with the contents of $KIO_3$ varied from 1.0${\sim}$10 wt% as the impregnation material. The specific surface area and micropore volume of the rice hulls activated carbon were $2,600{\sim}2,800$ $m^2$/g and 1.1${\sim}$1.4 cc/g, respectively. With increasing the contents of impregnation materials, the surface area and micropore volume decreased by 3${\sim}$21%. However, The amounts of hydrogen sulfide adsorbed increased by 2.1${\sim}$2.8 times depending on the impregnation content. The optimum contents of $KIO_3$ were 2.4 wt%. Although the breakthrough time and adsorption capacity of hydrogen sulfide decreased with increasing temperature in the case of the unimpregnated activated carbons, they increased by 1.2${\sim}$ 3.2 times for the case of the impregnated activated carbons. The optimum aspect ratio(L/D) was 1.0 and the adsorption amount of hydrogen sulfide enhanced with increasing the gas flow rate. The regeneration temperature was determined as 400$^{\circ}C$ from the TGA experiment. The adsorption capacity of hydrogen sulfide with the impregnated activated carbon decreased gradually as the regeneration continued. The hydrogen sulfide adsorption amount of the regenerated activated carbon up to 4 times was still higher than that of the unimpregnated activated carbon.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2001년도 제18차 정기총회 및 학술발표 PROCEEDINGS
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• pp.99-101
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• 2001

Three experiments were conducted with broilers to study the effects of early feed restriction. In all studies, treatments were represented by three replicated floor pens, each containing 20 birds. In Experiment 1, broilers were fed at 0.75 kcal ME/g BW/sup0.67 for 3 d, 1.5kcal m/E BW/sup0.67 for 5 d or 2.25 kcal ME/g BW/sup0.67 for 7 d, all imposed beginning at 7 d of age. Birds were smaller following feed restriction(P<0.05), although growth compensation occurred, and at 49 d all restricted birds were same(P>0.05) to full-fed control buds in body weight. Growth compensation was associated with improved feed conversion(P<0.05), although carcass composition was unchanged. In a second study, all birds were fed at 0.75 kcal ME/g BW/sup0.67 for 3 or 5 d, starting at either 4, 7, or 10 d of age. When feed restriction was applied for shorter periods of time, growth compensation occurred(P>0.05). With more severe feed restriction, birds were smaller(P<0.05) at 49 d compared to control. Feed conversion was improved following prior feed restriction(P<0.05, 4 to 49). In a third trial, broilers were fed a starter diet diluted with 50% rice hulls. Birds failed to consume enough of this diluted feed, and so were initially smaller, However 49 d weight was not affected (P>0.05). When periods of 24 h feed withdrawal were imposed in conjunction with the diluted diets, birds were under weight at 49 d. It is concluded that physical feed restriction at 0.75 to 1.5 kcal ME/g BW$\^$0.67 imposed for 3 to 5 d in the early life currently presents the best option as a means of controlling broiler growth so as to improve feed efficiency.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.154-161
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• 1982

To determine the effects of mulching with the hulls of rice on the growth of the ginseng plant and changes of its growing environment-soil moisture content. subterranccan temperature and soil hardness- were investigated under different light intensity such as 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% light transmittance rate(LTR). The results obtained were as follows; 1. Soil moisture content under the shading was decreased as the increase of light intensity, whereas it was increased about 1.5% in each plot of LTR by the mulching. 2. Suberranccan temperature under the shading was increased as the increase of light intensity. It was decreased on a hot day by the mulching but increased on a cold day. 3. Soil hardness was decreased by the mulching. 4. Sprouting date of the ginseng plants was acclerated for 7 days and sprout periods were shortened for f days by mulching compared to the non-mulching treatment. 5. Missing plant rate was increased severely as the increase of light intensity more Than 20% LTR In the non-mulching plots but did not severe in the mulching plots. Missing plant rate was decreased remarkably by the mulching. The degree of decrease was larger as the increase 6f light intensity. 6. Root yield was increased in the mulching plots compared to the non$.$mulching plots. The degree of increase was larger as the increase of light intensity. The highest yield was obtained at 20% LTR with mulching.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.231-234
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• 2011

본 연구는 감마방사선 조사에 의해 기능성 물질이 증가하고, 생리적 특성이 증진된 느티만가닥 버섯의 새로운 품종을 개발하기위하여 수행되었다. 돌연변이 유기를 위하여 느티만가닥 버섯의 갈색 계통 균주 HYM-056의 원형질에 감마방사선을 조사하여 2,000개의 돌연변이체를 무작위로 선발하고 병 재배하여 자실체를 형성시켰다. 이 중 생장속도가 빠르고, 중량이 무거우며, 자실체를 다량으로 생산하는 500개 균을 선발하였다. 선발된 균주의 자실체 형성을 위하여 미강, 보리껍질, 미송이 함유된 플라스틱 병에 재배하였다. 접종 100일 후, 자실체의 특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 갓의 색깔, 형태, 크기와 대의 길이, 직경, 숫자, 무게 등에 따라 6개의 그룹으로 나뉘었다. 또한 URP-PCR 핵산 지문 분석으로 유전적 변이를 조사하였다.