• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2004

In recent years, the consumption of livestock products were markedly decreased by awareness of world-widely occurred diseases including mad cow disease, Foot and mouth disease, Hog cholera, and Poultry Influenza virus. the consumers ara also wanting to have highly safe food such as organic animal products because of concerning about residual of antibiotics in animal products. However, disease control and impairment of productivity are the major problem in organic animal production. On these points of view, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of 1% or 2% of dietary probiotics fortified with various minerals on improvement of egg production and egg quality in old lay6r feeding low quality feed mainly composed of food waste, sesame meal, and rice bran. After 4 weeks of experimental feeding, the diameter of spreading of egg white was clearly decreased from 11.2cm of control eggs to 10.5m and 10.1m in 1% and 2% treatment group eggs, respectively. The color of egg yolk was 9.3 in control eggs but remarkably increased in treatment groups showing 10.1~10.2. Egg production was 75.8% in control layers but significantly increased to 79.8% of 1% treatment group and 82.9% of 2% treatment group layers. Egg weights (C : 66.3g, 1% : 73.2g, and 2% : 76.7g) and egg shell thickness (C : 0.33mm, 1% : 0.35mm and 2% : 0.36mm) were also increased by the addition of 1% or 2% of probiotics when compared to those of control group eggs. All together, it has been suggested that dietary addition of probiotics fortified with various minerals can improve the egg quality and egg production in layer's productivities by the recycling of organic waste resources such as food waste and agricultural by-products.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of fermented mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) by-products on meat quality characteristics in fattening Berkshire pigs. The fermented diet mainly contained 40.0% mushroom by-products, 26.0% rice bran, and 20.0% formula feed and was fermented for 5 d. The basal diet for the control (C) was substituted with 10% (T1), 30% (T2), 50% (T3), and 70% (T4) fermented diet. Warner-Bratzler shear forces (WBSF) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in treatments than that in C. The meat color (lightness, redness, and yellowness) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in treatments than that in C, whereas fat color (redness and yellowness) was significantly higher in treatments than that in C (P < 0.05). The compositions of palmitoleic acid and arachidonic acid were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in T4 than that in C. The amino acid composition of longissimus dorsi (LD) and the sensory evaluation of cooked meat were not affected by diet type. In conclusion, a diet of fermented mushroom by-products increased pH and backfat color, but decreased cooking loss, WBSF, and meat color of LD in growing-fattening Berkshire pigs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.9.1-9.5
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• 2016

Background: Literature is lacking on the effects of feeding by-product feed (BF)-based silage on rumen fermentation parameters, nutrient digestion and nitrogen (N) retention in sheep. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of replacing rye straw with BF-based silage as a roughage source on ruminal parameters, total-tract apparent nutrient digestibility, and N balance in sheep. Methods: The by-product feed silage was composed of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) (45 %), recycled poultry bedding (RPB) (21 %), rye straw (11 %), rice bran (10.8 %), corn taffy residue (10 %), protected fat (1.0 %), bentonite (0.6 %), and mixed microbial additive (0.6 %). Six sheep were assigned randomly to either the control (concentrate mix + rye straw) or a treatment diet (concentrate mix + BF-based silage). Results: Compared with the control diet, feeding a BF-based silage diet resulted in similar ruminal characteristics (pH, acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations, and acetate: propionate ratio), higher (p < 0.05) ruminal NH3-N, higher (p < 0.05) ether extract digestibility, similar crude protein digestibility, lower (p < 0.05) dry matter, fiber, and crude ash digestibilities, and higher (p < 0.05) N retention (g/d) Conclusion: The BF-based silage showed similar energy value, higher protein metabolism and utilization, and lower fiber digestion in sheep compared to the control diet containing rye straw.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.935-942
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• 2007

The stem bark of Rhus verniciflua (RVSB) has been used in herbal medicine to treat diabetes mellitus and stomach ailments for thousands of years in Korea, despite its content of the plant allergen, urushiol. A new biological approach for the removal of urushiol from RVSB using mushrooms is described. All mushroom species (11 sp.) employed in this study were able to grow on RVSB, although the growth rate (mm/day) was lower than the control (sawdust). The components of urushiol congeners [C15 triene (m/z 314), C15 diene (m/z 316), C15 monoene (m/z 318), and C15 saturated (m/z 320)] were purified by HPLC and identified by GC-MS. A C15:3 (3-pentadecatrienly catechol) was found to be most abundant in RVSB. Urushiol analogues decreased remarkably from 154.15 to 10.73 mg/100 g (approximately 93%) by Fomitella fraxinea, whereas Trametes vercicolor showed only a 1.46% degradation capacity despite its 2 fold higher growth rate. Similarly, laccase activity was found to be high for F. fraxinea and low for T. vercicolor. Moreover, approximately 98% detoxification was accomplished by F. fraxinea cultivated on RVSB supplemented with 20%(w/w) rice bran. These findings suggest that mushrooms can be used in the detoxification of RVSB.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2005

Some characteristics of two forms of glucoamylase (glucan 1 A-$\alpha$-glucosidase, EC 3. 2. I. 3) purified from Aspergillus coreanus NR 15-1 were investigated. The enzymes were produced on a solid, uncooked wheat bran medium of A. coreanus NR 15-1 isolated from traditional Korean Nuruk. Two forms of glucoamylase, GA-I and GA-II, were purified to homogenity after 5.8-fold and 9.6-fold purification, respectively, judged by disc- and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular mass of GA-I and GA-II were estimated to be 62 kDa and 90 kDa by Sephadex G-1OO gel filtration, and 64 kDa and 91 kDa by SDS-polyacrylarnide gel electrophoresis, respectively. The optimum temperatures of GA-I and GA-II were 60$^circ$C and 65$^circ$C, respectively, and the optimum pH was 4.0. The activation energy (Ea value) of GA-I and GA-II was 11.66 kcal/mol and 12.09 kcal/mol, respectively, and the apparent Michaelis constants (K_{m}) of GA-I and GA-II for soluble starch were found to be 3.57 mg/ml and 6.25 mg/ml, respectively. Both enzymes were activated by 1 mM Mn^{2+} and Cu^{2+}, but were completely inhibited by 1 mM N­bromosuccinimide. The GA-II was weakly inhibited by 1 mM p-CMB, dithiothreitol, EDTA, and pyridoxal 5-phosphate, but GA-I was not inhibited by those compounds. Both enzymes had significant ability to digest raw wheat starch and raw rice starch, and hydrolysis rates of raw wheat starch by GA-I and GA-II were 7.8- and 7.3-fold higher than with soluble starch, respectively.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.57-66
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• 1991

참기름의 변조 여부를 쉽게 판별하고, 변조에 사용된 혼입유의 실태를 파악할 수 있는 방법으로써 FV(Fatty acid ratio & villavecchia reaction) value를 상요하였다. FV value 는 gas chromtography로 지방산 조성을 분석하여 C18: 1 + C18 : 2/C16 : $0{\times}C18$ : 3값을 구하고 이 값에 modified cilavecchia -suarez test(MVTV)에서 얻어진 값을 곱하여 결정하였다. 이 FV value를 이용하여 전남 지방 시장등지에서 구입한 참기름 총 74건에 대해 그 순도를 판별하고 변조에 사용된 혼입유의 실태를 파악하였다. 수거된 참기름들에 대해 FV value 로 산출한 결과 총 74건 중 11건만이 순수한 참기름으로 추정되어졌다. 변조에 상용된 혼입유의 실태를 산출된 FV value로 추정한 결과 대두유 혼입이 23건으로 가장 많았으며, 그밖에 미강유 혼입 및 깻묵을 유기용매로 재 추출한 참기름이 각각 10건, 들깨유 혼입이 8건, 옥수수유 혼입이 7건, 면실유 혼입이 3건, 채종유 혼입이 2건 등이었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.466-472
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 가축분뇨의 비료화를 위한 분뇨의 악취와 암모니아성 질소를 제거시킬 수 있는 기능성 발효촉진 미생물의 선별을 목표로 쌀겨 자연발효 추출물로부터 총 61개의 균주를 순수 분리하였고, 순수 분리된 균주의 단백질, 지방, 탄수화물 등의 유기물 분해 효소활성 (amylase, protease, cellulase 및 lipase), 암모니아 가스의 탈취성능을 조사하여 최종적으로 NA 2, 12, 15의 3종의 균주를 선별하였다. 최종 선별된 균주에 대해서 동정실험을 수행한 결과, NA 2는 Bacillus acidocaldarius로 동정되었고, NA 15는 Planoroccus sp.로 부분동정되었다. 이들 분리된 미생물을 가축분뇨처리제로 개발하기 위한 최적의 혼합 배양 조건을 구하기 위해 반응표면계획법으로 배지 조성과 pH와 같은 조작 변수들의 영향과 상호작용 등을 포함한 데이터를 분석한 결과, 최적 배양 조건은 beef extract 4.59g/L, Peptone 8.73g/L, PH 6.3으로 결정되었다. 분리된 미생물들은 발효촉진 및 암모니아 탈취 성능이 우수하면서도 중$.$고온성 미생물들로서 가축분뇨처리에 활용가능성이 높은 것으로 판단되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1323-1331
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• 2020

Objective: Three types of dietary fiber were fed to sows during gestation and lactation stages to monitor their physiological and metabolic adaptations during the pre-partum period and to determine how these effects may influence the lactation period and sow performance. Methods: Soon after breeding, 54 sows were selected and were fed with 20% supplementation as fed of wheat bran (WB), soya hulls (SH), or rice hulls (RH) in diets during gestation and lactation. Sows were weighed, backfat thickness was measured ultrasonically and jugular blood samples were collected from all sows. The litter size was equalized to 10, by fostering piglets from sows on the same treatment. Results: Sows gained 22.0, 21.8, and 25.5 kg of net maternal body weight during gestation (for WB, SH, and RH sows, respectively; p = 0.007). There was no treatment effect on the body weight change during lactation (p = 0.158), however RH sows consumed an average of 133.66 kg of feed, WB sows took 121.29 kg and SH sows took 126.77 kg during lactation (p<0.001). The SH litters gained an average of 59.34 kg of weight during lactation, while other litters gained 51.58 and 49.98 kg (for WB and RH litters, respectively; p<0.001). Exception for aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, measured serum biochemical values were broadly in agreement with earlier reports. Despite the use of additional vegetable oil to balance the energy level, RH sows still had lower concentrations of serum triglycerides in late gestation. Conclusion: Different types of fibrous ingredients in the gestation diet influenced most of the investigated reference values for sows. The values of serum biochemical parameters were generally not affected by fiber type during the lactation stage. The SH supplementation for sows is an effective approach to give heavier litters at birth and weaning and to increase voluntary feed intake in early lactation.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.231-234
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• 2011

본 연구는 감마방사선 조사에 의해 기능성 물질이 증가하고, 생리적 특성이 증진된 느티만가닥 버섯의 새로운 품종을 개발하기위하여 수행되었다. 돌연변이 유기를 위하여 느티만가닥 버섯의 갈색 계통 균주 HYM-056의 원형질에 감마방사선을 조사하여 2,000개의 돌연변이체를 무작위로 선발하고 병 재배하여 자실체를 형성시켰다. 이 중 생장속도가 빠르고, 중량이 무거우며, 자실체를 다량으로 생산하는 500개 균을 선발하였다. 선발된 균주의 자실체 형성을 위하여 미강, 보리껍질, 미송이 함유된 플라스틱 병에 재배하였다. 접종 100일 후, 자실체의 특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 갓의 색깔, 형태, 크기와 대의 길이, 직경, 숫자, 무게 등에 따라 6개의 그룹으로 나뉘었다. 또한 URP-PCR 핵산 지문 분석으로 유전적 변이를 조사하였다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.25-37
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• 2005

This study was carried out to examine the optimal cultural condition in enzyme activities of CMCase, FPase and xylanase in selected strains which secret extracellular enzymes for using deinking agent to old newsprint. The results of this study were as follow: The production of enzyme by Bacillus pumilus I was maximal as grown on the medium, containing of rice bran+xylan $2.0\%$, peptone $0.8\%,\;K_2HPO_4\;0.1\%\;and\;CaCl_2\;0.06\%$ at pH 8.0 and $28^{\circ}C$ for 72 hours. Optimal cultural condition of B. subtilis I was avicel+xylan $3.5\%,\;urea\;0.4\%,\;K_3PO_4\;0.1\%\;and\;CaCl_2\;0.015\%$ at pH 9.0 and $28^{\circ}C$ for 36 hours. The maximal enzyme production was observed in the medium, containing of avicel+xylan $3.5\%,\;urea\;1.6\%\;and\; K_2HPO_4\;0.125\%$ with pH 9.0 when B. pumilus II was cultured at $28^{\circ}C$ for 60 hours. The production of enzyme by B. subtilis IT was maximal as grown on the medium, containing of xylan $2.0\%,\;yeast\; extract\;0.6\%,\;K_2HPO_4\;0.1\%\;and\;ZnSO_4\;0.04\%$ at pH 8.0 and $34^{\circ}C$ for 36 hours. The activities of FPase and xylanase in tested 4 strains were not much different with Thermomonospora fusca.