• 제목/요약/키워드: Rice Plant

검색결과 3,615건 처리시간 0.036초

Differential responses of two rice varieties to salt stress

  • Ghosh, N.;Adak, M.K.;Ghosh, P.D.;Gupta, S.;Sen Gupta, D.N.;Mandal, C.
    • Plant Biotechnology Reports
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.89-103
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    • 2011
  • Two rice varieties, viz. Nonabokra and Pokkali, have been evaluated for their responses to salinity in terms of some physiological and biochemical attributes. During the exposure to salinity (200 mM concentration of sodium chloride for 24, 48, and 72 h), a significant increase in sodium was recorded which was also concomitant with the changes of other metabolic profiles like proline, phenol, polyamine, etc. The protein oxidation was significantly increased and also varied between the two cultivars. The changes in activities of anti-oxidative enzymes under stress were significantly different to the control. The detrimental effects of salinity were also evident in terms of lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll content, protein profiles, and generation of free radicals; and these were more pronounced in Pokkali than in Nonabokra. The assessment and analysis of these physiological characters under salinity could unravel the mechanism of salt responses revealed in this present study and thus might be useful for selection of tolerant plant types under the above conditions of salinity.

Outbreak of Rice Blast Disease at Yeoju of Korea in 2020

  • Chung, Hyunjung;Jeong, Da Gyeong;Lee, Ji-Hyun;Kang, In Jeong;Shim, Hyeong-Kwon;An, Chi Jung;Kim, Joo Yeon;Yang, Jung-Wook
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제38권1호
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    • pp.46-51
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    • 2022
  • Rice blast is the most destructive disease threatening stable rice production in rice-growing areas. Cultivation of disease-resistant rice cultivars is the most effective way to control rice blast disease. However, the rice blast resistance is easy to breakdown within years by blast fungus that continually changes to adapt to new cultivars. Therefore, it is important to continuously monitor the incidence of rice blast disease and race differentiation of rice blast fungus in fields. In 2020, a severe rice blast disease occurred nationwide in Korea. We evaluated the incidence of rice blast disease in Yeoju and compared the weather conditions at the periods of rice blast disease in 2019 and 2020. We investigated the races and avirulence genes of rice blast isolates in Yeoju to identify race diversity and genetic characteristics of the isolates. This study will provide empirical support for rice blast control and the breeding of blast-resistant rice cultivars.

다환방향족탄화수소가 콩과 벼의 생육에 미치는 영향 (Influences of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Soybean and Rice Growth)

  • 김영주;심두보;송선화;김석현;정종일;김민철;정정성;김형곤;심상인
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제59권2호
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    • pp.181-187
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    • 2014
  • 화석연료의 연소나 유류 오염 등으로 인해 발생하는 PAHs는 우리 주변 어디에서나 존재하는 위험한 오염물질 중 하나로, 생태계에 영향을 끼치며 작물 생육에도 영향을 준다. PAHs는 작물에서도 흡수가 가능하기 때문에, 작물생육에 대한 저해 효과를 알아보기 위해 콩과 벼에 대한 영향을 유묘기부터 검정하였다. PAHs가 처리된 토양에서 자란 벼와 콩의 초장과 건물중은 다소 감소하였고, 벼보다 콩에서 생장 저해가 강하게 발생되었다. 토양에 100 ppm 농도에서 처리된 경우 콩의 초장은 58.9 cm로 처리되지 않은 콩의 87.2% 값을 보였다. 벼의 경우, 처리 후 80일 100 ppm에서 자란 벼가 처리되지 않은 벼의 96.0% 값을 보여, 초장에 있어서 저해 효과가 낮게 나타났다. 광합성과 관련된 엽록소 함량과 엽록소 형광은 PAHs 처리 후 20일부터 70일까지 저해가 약간 되었지만, 출수기 이후는 저해 정도가 약하게 나타났다. 어린 유묘의 한천 배지 실험은 100 ppm phenanthrene 농도일 때, 성숙한 작물의 폿트 실험과 비교시 유묘 길이와 생체중의 저해가 높게 나타났다. 벼에서는 유묘 길이와 생체중이 각 각 54.2%, 33.3% 감소하였고, 콩에서는 각 각 27.9%, 13.2% 감소되었다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 PAHs은 성숙기보다 영양 생장 초기에 저해가 높게 발생하며, 영양생장기의 피해는 콩보다 벼에서 저해가 높게 발생하였다.

자연대기수준의 오존농도가 동진벼의 수량에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Ambient Ozone Levels on Rice Yield)

  • 허재선;이충일
    • 한국식물병리학회지
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    • 제14권6호
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    • pp.720-724
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    • 1998
  • Open-top field chamber study was carried out to investigate effect of ambient ozone level on the yield of rice cultivar 'Dongjin' in Kwangyang area located in the vicinity of the industrial complex of Yechon petrolium refinery and chemical works or Kwangyang Iron and Steel works during the summer of 1997. mean ozone concentration of ambient air during daytime (9:00∼17:00) was revealed to exceed over 40 ppb which is defined to be a critical level causing plant injury and yield reduction in Europe. Yield component analysis showed that there was no significant difference in rice yield between ambient air and charcoal-filtered air. The results suggest that the ambient ozone levels during the exposure period had no effect on yield reduction of rice cultivar 'Dongjin' and it is likely that the cultivar is tolerant to ambient ozone levels.

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Classification of Korean Rice Cultivars based on Reaction Pattern to Japanese Isolates of Blast Pathogen

  • Jin, Xuan-Ji;Lee, Eun-Jeong;Choi, Jae-Eul
    • Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.3-7
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    • 2007
  • Classification of blast resistance type of 129 Korean rice cultivars was carried out based on reaction pattern to 10 Japanese blast pathogen isolates(Pyricularia oryzae). The cultivars were divided into 11 groups based on the presumed resistance genes as follows; Pia type(19 cultivars), Pita-2 type(4), Pik type(3), Pib type(5), Piz type(11), Pik-s type(8), Pik and Pii type(4), Pia and Pita type(8), Pia and Pik type(6), Pita, Pik and Pii type(4) and no-grouping type(57). These results would provide important information to rice breeding for durable and broad resistance to rice blast.

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한국에서 분리한 도열병균의 교배형 (Mating Type Alleles of Magnaporthe grisea in Korea)

  • 최우봉;이용환
    • 한국식물병리학회지
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.249-253
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    • 1994
  • Twenty six isolates of Magnaporthe grisea originated from rice and other gramineous hosts Korea were tested for mating type with MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 standard isolates. Ninety three and 64% of rice and grass isolated mated and produced perithecia with standard isolates, respectively. Both mating types were found from rice and non-rice isolates, but MAT1-1 allele of M. grisea was predominant in Korea.

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Novel Antifungal Diketopiperazine from Marine Fungus Metabolites

  • Byun, Hee-Guk;Kim, Se-Kwon
    • 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국어업기술학회 2002년도 추계 수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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    • pp.175-176
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    • 2002
  • Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae (P. oryzae), is generally considered to be the most serious fungal disease of rice by its widespread distribution and destructiveness (Manandhar et al., 1998). The pathogenic fungus directly penetrates into the rice plant from a cellular structure called an appressorium that is formed at the tip of the germ tube. And the fungus can attack any aerial part of the rice plant, including seeds, in which the fungus may overwinter for several years. (omitted)

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Indicative Responses of Rice Plant to Atmospheric Ozone

  • Hur, Jae-Seoun;Kim, Pan-Gi;Yun, Sung-Chul;Park, Eun-Woo
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.130-136
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    • 2000
  • Differences in physiological and biochemical responses between sensitive and tolerant rice cultivars to ozone were investigated to develop reliable indications of early ozone damage. Three Korean local rice cultivars -sen-sitive cultivar Dongjin (DJ), moderately tolerant cultivar Hwayeong (HY) and tolerant cultivar Ilmee (IM) were exposed to ozone at the concentrations of 100 nl $\textrm{l}^{-1}$ or 200 nl $\textrm{l}^{-1}$ , 8 h per day for 10 days in a controlled-environment fumigation chamber. The rice cultivars seemed to be endurable to ozone stress at the concentration of 100 nl $\textrm{l}^{-1}$ which is frequently monitored during the growing season in summer. However, severe damage was induced and differential sensitivity was clearly noted among the rice cultivars at the higher ozone concentration. Activation of the glutathion (GR) -ascorbate peroxidase (APX) cycle was likely to be responsible for protection of rice plants against ozone exposure, relating difference in sensitivity of rice cultivars to ozone. Photosynthetic activity appeared to be one of sensitive responses, for which chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf greenness can together provide a very reliable index, a degree of photosynthetic damages by ozone. Formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) was also considered as an indication that can differentiate cultivars sensitivity to ozone. However, the changes in polyamines and total phenolics were not consistent with exposed ozone concentrations and/or ozone sensitivity of the cultivars. The behavior of polyamines and phenolics in the damaged plants at high ozone levels could be interpreted as an indication of ozone injury rather than activation of additional protection mechanisms scavenging active oxygen species formed by ozone. Several responses triggered by ozone could explain the differential sensitivity of the rice cultivars and be used as reliable indications of relative ozone damage to rice plant.

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벼 약배양에 효과적인 배지조성 및 저온처리 방법 (Effects of Cold Shock Pretreatment and Carbohydrate Sources on Anther Culture of Rice)

  • 이기환;원용재;고종민;박향미;조준현;오병근;양세준;김순철;남민희
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.369-373
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    • 2003
  • In spite of potential benefits of anther culture, low productivity of plant regeneration in some genotypes; e.g. tonsil and indica rice, is one of the major obstacles for practical use of anther culture. This study was conducted to improve cold shock method and carbohydrate source for increasing the efficiency of anther culture in rice. The most common carbon source, sucrose was replaced to maltose, which has two molecules of glucose. Maltose increased callus induction 1.4-to 1.8-fold higher in japonica rice, 3.2-to 11.6-fold in tongil types and 2.7-fold in indica rice IR50. Callus induction was increased from 0.2% to 12.5% in maltose medium compared to the medium supplemented with sucrose plus glucose in indica rice "Tetep". A simple procedure of vacuum packaging of panicles during cold shock treatment prolonged not only anther viability more than 15 days but also increased callus induction more than 2-fold compared to open-air storage (conventional method). Combining of above two methods, callus induction was increased 28 to 56% in japonica, 13 to 33% in tonsil type and 12 to 31% in indica rice. Plant regeneration was increased 14 to 35% in japonica, 10 to 20% in tonsil and 4 to 15% in indica rice, respectively.