• Title/Summary/Keyword: Rice Paddy

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A Case Study on Agricultural Education for Paddy Rice Water Management for Low Carbon Emission (저탄소 벼 논물관리를 위한 농업인 교육 사례연구)

  • Seulgi Lee;Odey Golden;Ho-Jun Gam;Yosep Kang;Jin Ryeol Jeon;Eun-Jung Park;In-Jung Lee;Kyung Sook Choi
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2023.05a
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    • pp.341-341
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    • 2023
  • 전 세계적으로 발생하고 있는 기후변화로 최근 극한의 가뭄이나 홍수가 발생하고 있으며, 이로 인한 경제·사회적으로 피해를 발생시키고 있는 실정이다. 이에 따라 기후변화에 직접적으로 영향을 주는 원인 중 하나인 온실가스에 대한 관심 높은 실정이며, 전 지구적으로 다양한 분야에서 탄소중립을 위한 정책이나 실천 방안 마련을 위한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 우리나라에서는 2050 장기 저탄소 발전전략을 수립하였으며, 농축산부문의 온실가스 배출량을 2018년 배출량인 24.7백만톤 대비하여 2030년까지 27.1%인 약 6.7백만톤 감축을 목표로 하며 그 중 벼 논물관리를 통한 온실가스 감축 목표량은 540천톤으로 농업인의 참여가 요구된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 저탄소 논물관리를 위한 농업인 대상으로 총 3회의 교육을 실시하였다. 저탄소 논물관리 참여의식 고츼 및 탄소 중립에 대한 이해를 돕기위한 교육을 실시하였고 교육 전·후 참여 농업인 대상의 설문조사를 실시하였다. 저탄소 논물관리의 핵심인 중간 물떼기와 관련된 설문 결과, 교육 전 2주 미만 논물을 건조한다고 응답한 농업인은 51%였으나 교육 3회 실시 후 설문에서는 2주일 이상 논물을 건조한다고 응답한 농업인이 78%로 증가하였다. 또한, 출수기부터 완전 물떼기 전까지의 논물관리 방식인 걸러대기는 교육전 49%였지만 교육 실시 후 74%로 증가하여 걸러대기를 실천하는 농업인 비율이 높아졌다. 이처럼 농업분야의 온실가스 배출량 감축을 위한 정책이 현장에서 효과적으로 실천되기 위해서는 농업인의 참여가 필수적이다. 따라서 본 연구와 같이 농업인 대상의 교육이나 컨설팅 등이 함께 이루어진다면 더욱 높은 효과를 나타낼 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

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Effect of Soil pH and Temperature on the Biodegradation of an Agricultural Antibiotic Oxolinic Acid (토양 pH와 온도 조건이 농업용 항생제 옥솔린산의 생물학적 분해에 미치는 영향)

  • Seon Hui Kim;Ga Eun Kim;Eun Hea Jho
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.8-13
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    • 2023
  • Biodegradation of antibiotics in soil can be affected by various environmental factors. This study was set to investigate the effect of environmental conditions such as soil pH and temperature on the degradation of oxolinic acid (OA), one of the agricultural antibiotics used in South Korea, in soil. Rice paddy soil (RS) and field soil (FS) were contaminated with OA and the soil pH was adjusted to 5.7±0.2, 6.8±0.2, and 7.6±0.1. The soil samples were kept at different temperatures (2.3±0.2, 23.0±0.6, 30.5± 0.3℃) for 30 d. The changes in the OA concentrations were determined at selected times. With the RS and FS, the OA removal was not affected by the soil pH used in this study; however, at pH 7.6, the OA removal in the RS was greater than that in the FS, which can be attributed to the different soil properties. The OA removal was similar at 23.0 and 30.5℃ in both soils, but was lower at 2.3℃. The information on the effect of different environmental conditions on the degradation of antibiotics in soil is very limited. Therefore, further studies are needed to better manage the residual antibiotics in the agricultural environment.

Priority Analysis of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technology using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) (계층화 분석기법(AHP)을 이용한 기후스마트농업(CSA) 기술의 우선순위 분석)

  • HyunJi Lee;KyungJae Lee;Sung Eun Sally Oh;Yun Yeong Choi;Brian H.S. Kim
    • Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.127-138
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    • 2022
  • In responding to climate change in the agricultural sector, Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) is an approach to establish a sustainable agricultural system through comprehensive management of technology, policy, and investment. The international community is continually expanding CSA implementation, and it became more important to understand the status of the domestic agriculture system and practices that are relevant to CSA. This study explored the available CSA in domestic agricultural systems and presented the order of relative importance of CSA technology. AHP analysis is employed for the evaluation with the following criteria: productivity, marketability, adaptability, and mitigation. The relative importance is evaluated with six agricultural technologies (soil, crop management, water, energy efficiency, alternative energy, and precision agriculture) in 28 agricultural technology sectors. The results of the AHP analysis showed that 'alternative energy' was found to be a top priority among the agricultural technology sectors, and 'shallow depth drain in rice paddy' was a top priority for agricultural technology. Also, the 'marketability' in soil and water sectors, 'mitigation' in crop management, and 'adaptability' in energy efficiency and alternative energy were given higher priority. The results of this study can be used as a good source for strategic CSA preparation and application.

Assessment and Enhancement of Ecosystem Services of Saemangeum Area (새만금 지역의 생태계서비스 평가와 증진 방안)

  • Seung-Joon Lee;Ji-Won Choi;Choong-Hyeon, Oh
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.36 no.6
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    • pp.684-692
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    • 2022
  • This study was conducted to assess ecosystem services provided for Saemangeum agricultural and life sites and surrounding areas and establish measures to enhance them. The ecosystem services in the Saemangeum region were found to be different depending on its land use type. Before reclamation, the quality of ecosystem service in the Saemangeum region was high in all aspects: supply, control, culture, and support service functions. After the reclamation, however, the quality of supply, regulating, and support services declined. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the quality of regulating and support services provided by semi-natural habitats such as rice paddy and reservoirs to improve the ecosystem service of the Saemangeum agricultural and life site. The suggested service improvement includes transforming natural ecosystems, such as forests and rural areas, and vast agricultural land into rural tourism and ecotourism and strengthening cultural service functions centered on education and research related to agriculture. To this end, it is necessary to utilize large agricultural land and agricultural infrastructure to promote agricultural production and rural tourism and government support for areas where the aging population is a problem.

Analysis of paddy rice water demand depending on transplant period and ponding depth (이앙기 및 담수심 변화에 따른 논벼 수요량 분석)

  • Cho, Gun Ho;Choi, Kyung Sook
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2021.06a
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    • pp.488-488
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    • 2021
  • 본 연구에서는 논벼 이앙일수와 담수심의 변화가 논벼 수요량 산정에 미치는 영향을 분석해 보았다. 한국농어촌공사 관할지구인 금사, 중흥, 창평, 구성 지구를 대상으로 하여 2013년부터 2019년 기상자료를 활용하여 산정하였다. 이앙일수는 기존의 농업생산기반설계기준에서 제시한 일수 20일과 전국쌀전업농중앙연합회 소속 농업인을 대상으로 실시한 설문조사 결과를 기반으로 다양한 이앙기간을 적용하였다. 또한 담수심은 최소 0mm, 최대 100mm 범위에서 다양하게 적용해 보았다. 그 결과, 이앙기간이 길어질수록 이앙용수량이 증가하고, 궁극적으로 필지용수량과 논벼 수요량을 증가시켰다. 기존 설계기준인 20일의 이앙일수를 적용한 경우에 비해 이앙일수를 최대 51일 적용할 경우 필지용수량은 평균적으로 16.6 %, 논벼 수요량은 평균적으로 12.9 % 증가를 보였다. 이앙시기를 다르게 한 논벼 수요량과 현장의 농업용수 공급량을 비교 할 경우, 51일의 이앙기간을 적용한 논벼 수요량이 공급량과 가장 적은 차이를 나타내어, 이앙기간 51일이 실제 현장 여건을 가장 잘 반영하는 것으로 판단되었다. 담수심과 논벼 수요량과의 관계에서는 최소 담수심 증가는 수요량의 증가를 야기하였으며, 최대 담수심 증가는 수요량의 감소를 야기하였다. 통상적으로 필지에서 최소 담수심일 때 수요량이 발생하고, 최대 담수심일 때 유출량이 발생하는데, 논벼 생육기간동안 일별 담수심의 변화가 최소 담수심에 도달하여 수요량이 발생하는 일수가 최대 담수심에 도달하여 유출량이 발생하는 일수 보다 많기 때문에 발생된 결과로 사료된다. 따라서 논벼 생육기간 수요량이 크게 산정된 연도 일수록, 최소 담수심 변화가 수요량에 미치는 영향이 크게 나타났다. 결론적으로 이앙일수의 경우 농업현장을 기준으로 볼 때 기존 설계기준에서 제시하는 논벼 수요량은 실제로 소모되는 필요수량보다 작게 산정되는 것으로 파악되어 이앙일수를 현장여건에 부합되게 더 연장하여 적용하는 것이 필요하며, 담수심의 경우 기존의 설계기준보다 최소 담수심은 낮게, 최대 담수심은 높게 적용하는 것이 유효우량 산정에 적합할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 논벼 수요량 산정 결과의 신뢰도 향상을 위해 이앙시기, 담수심 조정 외에도 수로손실 및 침투인자 등에 대한 현장여건 반영도 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

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Assessment of Applicability of ET methods Applied to Paddy Rice Water Demand Estimation based on Agricultural Water Supply (농업용수 공급량 기반 논벼 수요량 산정을 위한 증발산량 산정 방법 적용성 평가)

  • Kim, Sang Hyun;Jo, Gun Ho;Choi, Kyung Sook
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2020.06a
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    • pp.415-415
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    • 2020
  • 국내 농업용수 수요량 산정에 있어서 논벼 수요량은 수정 Penman (Modified Penman: MP) 방법에 의한 증발산량을 기반으로 산정하고 있으나, 최근 국제식량농업기구 (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: FAO) 및 국내 농진청 등에서는 Penman-Monteith (PM) 방법에 의한 증발산량 산정방법을 채택하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 논벼 수요량 산정에 있어 우리나라 실제 현장여건에 적합한 논벼 증발산량 산정 방법을 제안하고자 기존에 적용하고 있는 MP 방법과 최근에 국내외적으로 제안되고 있는 PM 방법에 의한 논벼 수요량 산정 결과를 실질적으로 벼 생산에 공급된 저수지 공급량 자료와 비교 분석을 통해 현장 적용성을 평가해 보았다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 농진청에서 PM 증발산량 작물계수를 도출한 현장실험지구를 포함하는 호남지역을 대상으로 저수지 100 만톤 이상의 한국농어촌공사 관리지역 중 농업용수 공급량 자료가 신뢰성 있는 대표지구를 선정하였다. 농업용수 실제 공급량 자료를 기반으로 두 증발산량에 의한 논벼 수요량 산정 결과를 비교 분석한 결과, MP 방법에 의한 수요량이 PM 방법에 의한 수요량 보다 높게 나타났으며, 따라서 MP 방법에 의한 수요량이 PM 방법에 의한 수요량 보다 농업용수 공급량과의 차이가 작게 나타나는 경향을 보였다. 대체적으로 강우량이 적은 지역에서 농업용수 공급량 및 논벼 수요량이 높게 나타났으며, 이러한 결과는 공급량과 수요량간의 관계에도 영향을 미쳐 강우량이 많은 지역에서 강우량이 적은 지역에 비해 농업용수 공급일수가 감소함으로써 공급량과 수요량과의 차이가 적어지는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구 결과로 농업용수 공급량을 기준으로 논벼 수요량 산정에 있어 증발산량 산정방법은 안정적인 농업용수 공급계획과 수리시설 설계에서의 이수안전도 확보차원에서 MP 방법을 채택하는 것이 더 바람직 할 것으로 사료된다. 추가적으로 논벼 수요량 산정은 증발산량 산정방법 외에도 유효우량 산정방법, 수로손실, 재배관리손실 등의 다양한 관련 인자들의 영향을 받기 때문에 증발산량 산정방법과 더불어 이들 인자들에 대해서도 종합적인 평가를 실시하여 논벼 수요량 산정 결과의 신뢰성 확보가 요구된다.

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Molluscicidal Effect of Eco-Friendly Agricultural Substances for Controlling Golden Apple Snails (Pomacea canaliculata, Lamarck)

  • Il Kyu Cho;Woo Young Cho;In Sun Cho;Heon Woong Kim;Seonghoon Hyeong;Jang Hyun Park;Young Sig Kim;Kil Yong Kim;Gi-Woo Hyoung
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.396-407
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    • 2023
  • The golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) has been utilized as a natural and eco-friendly control of weeds in rice paddy fields. However, P. canaliculata can damage other crops. In this study, the effectiveness of plant extracts from various natural sources that are reportedly effective against pests in the control of P. canaliculata was investigated. The four plant extracts were effective against P. canaliculata and ranked in descending order as green tea seed (Camellia sinensis) > root of red spider lily (Lycoris radiata) > leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) > root of sophora (Sophora flavescens). The mortality rate of P. canaliculata was increased using 200 to 2000 mg/kg of green tea seed powder. However, shrubby sophora root extract did not significantly increase the mortality rate. The LC50 and LC90 of green tea seed, tobacco leaves, shrubby sophora root, and red spider lily root were 900 and 2800 mg/L, 956 and 2320 mg/L, 2162 and 5325 mg/L, and 512 and 1054 mg/kg, respectively. The LC50 and LC90 of ground powder of C. sinensis, N. tabacum, S. flavescens and L. radiata were 248 and 646 mg/L, 403 and 733 mg/L, 409 and 905 mg/L, and 493 and 1141 mg/L, respectively. The findings indicate the remarkable control potency of green tea seeds against the golden apple snail. An organic material incorporating the four plant powders may help control green apple snail in an ecosystem-friendly manner.

Characteristics and classification of paddy soils on the Gimje-Mangyeong plains (김제만경평야(金堤萬頃平野)의 답토양특성(沓土壤特性)과 그 분류(分類)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Shin, Yong Hwa
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.1-38
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    • 1972
  • This study, designed to establish a classification system of paddy soils and suitability groups on productivity and management of paddy land based on soil characteristics, has been made for the paddy soils on the Gimje-Mangyeong plains. The morphological, physical and chemical properties of the 15 paddy soil series found on these plains are briefly as follows: Ten soil series (Baeggu, Bongnam, Buyong, Gimje, Gongdeog, Honam, Jeonbug, Jisan, Mangyeong and Suam) have a B horizon (cambic B), two soil series (Geugrag and Hwadong) have a Bt horizon (argillic B), and three soil series (Gwanghwal, Hwagye and Sindab) have no B or Bt horizons. Uniquely, both the Bongnam and Gongdeog series contain a muck layer in the lower part of subsoil. Four soil series (Baeggu, Gongdeog, Gwanghwal and Sindab) generally are bluish gray and dark gray, and eight soil series (Bongnam, Buyong, Gimje, Honam, Jeonbug, Jisan, Mangyeong and Suam) are either gray or grayish brown. Three soil series (Geugrag, Hwadong and Hwagye), however, are partially gleyed in the surface and subsurface, but have a yellowish brown to brown subsoil or substrata. Seven soil series (Bongnam, Buyong, Geugrag, Gimje, Gongdeog, Honam and Hwadong) are of fine clayey texture, three soil series (Baeggu, Jeonbug and Jisan) belong to fine loamy and fine silty, three soil series (Gwanghwal, Mangyeong and Suam) to coarse loamy and coarse silty, and two soil series (Hwagye and Sindab) to sandy and sandy skeletal texture classes. The carbon content of the surface soil ranges from 0.29 to 2.18 percent, mostly 1.0 to 2.0 percent. The total nitrogen content of the surface soil ranges from 0.03 to 0.25 percent, showing a tendency to decrease irregularly with depth. The C/N ratio in the surface soil ranges from 4.6 to 15.5, dominantly from 8 to 10. The C/N ratio in the subsoil and substrata, however, has a wide range from 3.0 to 20.25. The soil reaction ranges from 4.5 to 8.0. All soil series except the Gwanghwal and Mangyeong series belong to the acid reaction class. The cation exchange cpacity in the surface soil ranges from 5 to 13 milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil, and in all the subsoil and substrata except those of a sandy texture, from 10 to 20 milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil. The base saturation of the soil series except Baeggu and Gongdeog is more than 60 percent. The active iron content of the surface soil ranges from 0.45 to 1.81 ppm, easily-reduceable manganese from 15 to 148 ppm, and available silica from 36 to 366 ppm. The iron and manganese are generally accumulated in a similar position (10 to 70cm. depth), and silica occurs in the same horizon with that of iron and manganese, or in the deeper horizons in the soil profile. The properties of each soil series extending from the sea shore towards the continental plains change with distance and they are related with distance (x) as follows: y(surface soil, clay content) = $$-0.2491x^2+6.0388x-1.1251$$ y(subsoil or subsurface soil, clay content) = $$-0.31646x^2+7.84818x-2.50008$$ y(surface soil, organic carbon content) = $$-0.0089x^2+0.2192x+0.1366$$ y(subsoil or subsurface soil, pH) = $$-0.0178x^2-0.04534x+8.3531$$ Soil profile development, soil color, depositional and organic layers, soil texture and soil reaction etc. are thought to be the major items that should be considered in a paddy soil classification. It was found that most of the soils belonging to the moderately well, somewhat poorly and poorly drained fine and medium textured soils and moderately deep fine textured soils over coarse materials, produce higher paddy yields in excess of 3,750 kg/ha. and most of the soils belonging to the coarse textured soils, well drained fine textured soils, moderately deep medium textured soils over coarse materials and saline soils, produce yields less than 3,750kg/ha. Soil texture of the profile, available soil depth, salinity and gleying of the surface and subsurface soils etc. seem to be the major factors determining rice yields, and these factors are considered when establishing suitability groups for paddy land. The great group, group, subgroup, family and series are proposed for the classification categories of paddy soils. The soil series is the basic category of the classification. The argillic horizon (Bt horizon) and cambic horizon (B horizon) are proposed as two diagnostic horizons of great group level for the determination of the morphological properties of soils in the classification. The specific soil characteristics considered in the group and subgroup levels are soil color of the profile (bluish gray, gray or yellowish brown), salinity (salic), depositonal (fluvic) and muck layers (mucky), and gleying of surface and subsurface soils (gleyic). The family levels are classified on the basis of soil reaction, soil texture and gravel content of the profile. The definitions are given on each classification category, diagnostic horizons and specific soil characteristics respectively. The soils on these plains are classified in eight subgroups and examined under the existing classification system. Further, the suitability group, can be divided into two major categories, suitability class and subclass. The soils within a suitability class are similar in potential productivity and limitation on use and management. Class 1 through 4 are distinguished from each other by combination of soil characteristics. Subclasses are divided from classes that have the same kind of dominant limitations such as slope(e), wettness(w), sandy(s), gravels(g), salinity(t) and non-gleying of the surface and subsurface soils(n). The above suitability classes and subclasses are examined, and the definitions are given. Seven subclasses are found on these plains for paddy soils. The classification and suitability group of 15 paddy soil series on the Gimje-Mangyeong plains may now be tabulated as follows.

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A Correlation between the Fractionation of Heavy Metals in the Paddy Soil of the Mangyeong River Basin and their Uptake by Rice Plants Grown on it (만경강 유역 논 토양 중 중금속 형태분류와 수도체의 흡수량과의 관계)

  • Kim, Seong-Jo;Baek, Seung-Hwa;Moon, Kwang-Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.372-382
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    • 1996
  • In order to elucidate the relationship between the mobility of heavy metals in soil and their uptake by plants, the soil samples collected from the Mangyeong River area were analyzed for the contents and existing forms of the heavy metals and the correlation between the contents of heavy metals in the soil and those in various parts of rice plants therefrom. The soil samples were collectes from ten sites in the paddy fields in 1982 and 1990, respectively, and the analysis on heavy metals including Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb was performed. The results are as follows: Total contents of heavy metals in the samples of 1990 were higher than those of 1982. The extent of increase was that Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb were 3, 29, 59 and 8% in top soil and 8, 50, 91 and 8% in sub-soil, respectively. The order of increasing ratio was Cu > Zn > Pb > Cd and the variation of Cd content by sequentially different extraction was organically bound > dilute acid-extractable=Fe-Mn oxide bound > exchangeable > residual fractions and the content of Cd with organically bound was $46.62{\sim}48.08$ and $41.18{\sim}50.18%$ of total Cd in top and sub-soil, respectively. The ratios of immobile heavy metals, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn, bound within an oxide or silicate matrix of Fe-Mn oxide in top-soil were 21.25, 35.98, 74.18 and 82.12%, respectively, and consequently their mobile ratios of exchangeable, dilute acid-extractable and organically bound were more than 17.88%. Those of mobile Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn were 78.25, 64.02, 25.82 and 17.88%, respectively. Except for Pb a correlation between the contents of Cd, Zn, and Cu of exchangeable and dilute acid-extractable in top-soil and those in leaf blade, stem and panicle axis was significant, but was not significant in sub-soil.

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Emergence and Growth of Weeds in Paddy Fields as Affected by Cropping Pattern (수도(水稻) 재배양식(栽培樣式) 차이(差異)에 따른 잡초(雜草) 발생특성(發生特性) 연구(硏究))

  • Guh, J.O.;Kwon, S.L.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.30-43
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    • 1981
  • On unwedded paddy fields, six cropping patterns of rice cultivation, namely direct broadcast seeding, direct row seeding, machine transplanting, early season hand transplanting, standard season hand transplanting, and late season hand transplanting, were detected with two representative rice cultivars (Milyang 23 and Sadominori) to estimate the comparative fluctuation patterns of weed flora. As a result, number of emerged weed species, most crowding stages, differences of weed growth among cropping patterns, possible tendencies of competition in plant heights among plant groups, variations in Importance Values, and Simpson's Index analysis were discussed, respectively.

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