• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.374-378
• /
• 2013

Purpose: Human body have biological rhythmic pattern in a day, which is affected by internal and external environmental factors. We investigated whether respiratory function was fluctuated according to the influence of time-of-day (around at 9 am, 1 pm, and 6 pm) in health subjects, using pulmonary function test (PFT). Methods: Eighteen healthy volunteers (8 men, mean ages; $22.4{\pm}1.6$, mean heights; $166.61{\pm}9.60$, mean weight; $59.3{\pm}10.3$) were recruited. Pulmonary function test (PFT) was measured at three time points in day, around 9 am, 1 pm, and 6 pm in calm research room with condition of under 55dB noise level, using a spirometer (Vmax 229, SensorMecis, USA). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), FVC/FEV1, and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were acquired. Results: In comparison of raw value of PFT among three time points, subjects showed generally better respiratory function at 9 am, than at other points, although no significance was found. In comparison of distribution of ranking for respiratory function in each individual, only PEF showed significant difference. In general, distributional ratio of subjects who showed best performance of respiratory function in a day was high. Conclusion: These findings showed that circadian rhythm by diurnal pattern was not detected on respiratory function throughout all day. But, best performance on respiratory function was observed mostly in the morning, although statistical significance did not exist.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.02a
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2008

In human and robot interaction, the role of emotion becomes more important Therefore, robots need the emotion expression mechanism similar to human. In this paper, we suggest a new emotion expression system based on the psychological studies and it consists of five affective elements, i.e., the emotion, the mood, the personality, the tendency, and the machine rhythm. Each element has somewhat peculiar influence on the emotion expression pattern change according to their characteristics. As a result, although robots were exposed to the same external stimuli, each robot can show a different emotion expression pattern. The proposed system may contribute to make a rather natural and human-friendly human-robot interaction and to promote more intimate relationships between people and robots.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.02a
• /
• pp.268-273
• /
• 2007

In this paper, we present effective methods for automatic music recommendation system which automatically recommend music by signal processing technology. Conventional music recommendation system use users’ music downloading pattern, but the method does not consider acoustic characteristics of music. Sometimes, similarities between music are used to find similar music for recommendation in some method. However, the feature used for calculating similarities is not highly related to music characteristics at the system. Thus, our proposed method use high-level music characteristics such as rhythm pattern, timbre characteristics, and the lyrics. In addition, our proposed method store features of music, which individuals queried, to recommend music based on individual taste. Experiments show the proposed method find similar music more effectively than a conventional method. The experimental results also show that the proposed method could be used for real-time application since the processing time for calculating similarities between music, and recommending music are fast enough to be applicable for commercial purpose.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.47-58
• /
• 2000

This paper analyses the geometric aspect of Soma Delaunay's works on the basis of design elements and principles. Geometric pattern is one of the distinct features of early 20th century avant-garde works. The significance of its pattern and colour comes from the fact that it has not only influenced the contemporary fine art but also offered the basic principle of modern costume design. In 1925 she was designing clothes which could be worn today without appearing old-fashioned. She foresaw the future trends in fashion and interior decoration, One might claim she belongs to the avant-garde even today and no less astonishing a phenomenon than she was in 1925. Soma Delaunay's art was one of the first expressions of abstract painting and her "simultaneous contrasts"are among the earliest example of the aesthete. In Delaunay's geometric abstraction it is found that the technique of"simultaneous contrasts" is exploited almost without exception. colour as well as collage was the favourite technique Delnaunay used in creating a distinct simultaneity, Many "inobjective" paintings as she herself called unite the rigour of simple geometric forms with an inner life and poetry which emanate from the richness of the colour, the musicality of the rhythm, the vibrant breadth of the execution.rant breadth of the execution.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.149-177
• /
• 2013

Living beings are surrounded by various changes exhibiting periodical rhythms in environment. The environmental changes are imprinted in organisms in various pattern. The phenomena are believed to match the external signal with organisms in order to increase their survival rate. The signals are categorized into circadian, seasonal, and annual cycles. Among the cycles, the circadian rhythm is regarded as the most important factor because its periodicity is in harmony with the levels of melatonin secreted from pineal gland. Melatonin is produced by the absence of light and its presence displays darkness. Melatonin plays various roles in creatures. Therefore, this review is to introduce the diverse potential ability of melatonin in manifold aspects in living organism.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 2000.07a
• /
• pp.283-300
• /
• 2000

This paper is intended to suggest how to improve Korean high school students' awareness of the pronunciation in order to foster communicative effectiveness. Initially it is focused on the tasks of listening to the suprasegmental aspects. The strategies used in the listening process are (1)discerning intonation units, (2)recognizing rhythm pattern, and (3)identifying contraction and linking in connected speech. The tasks including in each process are listening discrimination, guided practice activity, and listening and speaking activity. The teacher should avoid methods which yield discouraging outcomes and try to help students enjoy experience of success in doing exercises and activities. So I suggested: students put the slash on the pause perceptible to chunk the stream of speech into the intonation units, and mark the content words to internalize English rhythm. And then I suggested that students listen to pop song English in order to improve the awareness of function words and connected speech in the intonation unit.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.661-664
• /
• 2000

The present study was carried out to reveal the role of ${\gamma}$-aminobutylic acid(GABA) during postnatal period in rat. The suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN) of hypothalamus has been known as the regulation center of circadian rhythm in the mammalians. In this study, we could find many GABAergic terminals in the SCN from day 1 to day 7 after birth. On the basis of these results, it can be said there are some kinds of inhibitory effects by GABA to the light stimulation of newborn rat.

• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.2
• /
• pp.95-108
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate prosodic characteristics of English as spoken by Koreans. Test materials were four English words, a sentence, and a paragraph. Six female Korean speakers and five native English speakers participated in acoustic and perceptual experiments. Pitch and duration of word syllables were measured from signals and spectrograms made by the Signalize 3.04 software program for Power Mac 7200. In the perceptual experiment, accent position, intonation patterns, rhythm patterns and phrasing were evaluated by the five native English speakers. Preliminary results from this limited study show that prosodic characteristics of Koreans include (1) pitch on the first part of a word and sentence is lower than that of English speakers, but the pitch on the last part is the opposite; (2) word prosody is quite similar to that of an English speaker, but sentence prosody is quite different; (3) the weakest point of sentence prosody spoken by Koreans is in the rhythmic pattern.

• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.139-155
• /
• 2007

Old Korean regulated poems have a typical prosodic structure characterized by a pitch contour. This work applies Jun's finding in Seoul Korean(Jun 1993, 2000, 2005) to old Korean regulated poems, and reports some other significant phonetic characteristics, arguing that old Korean regulated poems have a regular rhythm based on the pitch contour implementing the typically hierarchical prosodic structure. The major prosodic units defined are a foot, a phrase, and a line. Next, this work proposes pitch contour characterizing prominence in a unit, boundary tones, and pauses at the boundary position, as the basic and significant cues of rhythm of a Korean poem. Specifically, some significant characteristics are discussed as follows: first, the tonal pattern of a foot is HL, starting high and ending low; second, the lowering boundary tones of HL% and L% are perceived at the end of a phrase and a line; and finally, a gradient degree of pause is observed at each unit-final position.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.309-321
• /
• 1995

In the present study, the relationship between the somatosympathetic reflexes and arterial blood pressure responses to electrical stimulation of the peripheral nerve was investigated in cats anesthetized with ${\alpha}-chloralose$. Single sympathetic postganglionic fiber activities were recorded from the hindlimb muscle and skin nerves and also from the cervical and abdominal sympathetic chains. Effects of the morphine on responses of the sympathetic nerve and arterial blood pressure to activation of the peripheral $A{\delta}-$ and C-afferent nerves were analyzed. The following results were obtained. 1) Arterial blood pressure was depressed by peripheral AS-afferent stimulation (A-response) and was elevated during C-afferent activation (C-response). 2) Intravenously administered morphine enhanced the C-response while the A-response decreased insignificantly, Only the C-response was decreased by intrathecal morphine. 3) All the ten recorded cutaneous sympathetic fibers showed periodic discharge pattern similar to respiratory rhythm and five of them also showed cardiac-related rhythm. However, most of the muscular sympathetic fibers had cardiac-related rhythm and only four fibers showed respiratory rhythm. 4) Morphine decreased the sympathetic C-reflex elicited by the peripheral C-afferent activation and the abdominal sympathetic A-reflex was also decreased by morphine. From the above results, it was concluded that supraspinal mechanisms were involved in the enhanced arterial pressor response to peripheral C-afferent activation by intravenous morphine.