• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 1994

With the recent development of sleep medicine, insomnia has been perceived as a disease from a simple symptom. As there are various causes in a disease, proper treatment according to each cause is necessary for a more effective treatment In general, insomnia is classified into five categrories of physical, physiological, psychological, psychiatric and pharmacological aspects. However, such categorizations are often insufficient in treating insomnia. Furthermore understanding of the developmental mechanisms of insomnia is required. The function of sleep is developed and maintained through the balance of the reciprocal forces of sleep and arousal. These forces are contantly regulated by what is called a circadian rhythm. Sleep is induced by this rhythm which is affected by factors such as awakening time in the morning, amount of intellectual function, amount and time length of physical exercise and sunlight Insomnia could develop when this rhythm is delayed and leads to a "forbidden zone" which is a very difficult period for inducing sleep about two to four hours before the routine bedtime. Whereas sleep gradually develops in line with the circardian rhythm, arousal can occur very abruptly by any cause triggered by emotional discomfort or anxiety. Such characteristic and emotional factors as perfectionism, separation anxiety, secondary gain, insecurity, and negative cognition may provoke the inner anxiety and fear for insomnia, which can lead acute insomnia to a chronic one. As chronic insomnia is developed by multiple causes and factors, integrated approaches through analysis of above mentioned factors will be more effective in the treatment of insomnia than a simple administration of hypnotics.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 1996

Carcadian rhythm dependence of vancomycin pharmacokinetics was evaluated in 5 normal volunteers receiving a single intravenous 1.0 g dose of vancomycin at 8 o'clock in the morning and another occasion at 8 o'clock in the evening in a crossover manner. The serum data were subjected to simultaneous computer nonlinear least squares regression analysis using a two-compartment pbarmacokinetic model. The mean half-life of vancomycin was $4.78\pm0.81$ hr in the morning and $4.25\pm0.51$ hr in the evening. The mean total body clearance of vancomycin was $1.29\pm0.58$ hr in the morning and $5.58\pm0.48$ hr in the evening. No circadian rhythm was found to be apparent in normal volunteers. The mean in intrasubject difference in the half-life between 8 A.M. and 8 P.M. was $15.4\%$ with fluctuations ranging from $10.4\sim33.8\%$, It is reasonable to consider individual circadian rhythm for effective dosage regimen of vancomycin in clinical chronotherapeutics.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.92-105
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• 2002

This research described dynamic scapulohumeral rhythm though the measurement of inter relationship between humorous and scapular movement during elevation of the arm in the scapular plane. In the previous studies static plane film X-ray has usually been used, but the limitation of such method was that it did not show the real· movement. In this study, we investigated real movement of humorous and scapular bones by Digital fluoroscopy system. 1. In resting position, humorous was taken to lie at the average $5.97^{\circ}$ in abduction, and scapular at the average $3.66^{\circ}$ in internal rotation. 2. At the maximal abduction, humorous was abducted to the average of 181.25", and scapular was rotated externally to $51.43^{\circ}$. 3. This research has shown that there is a variety of scapulohumeral rhythm from resting position to $60^{\circ}$ abduction in elevation of humorous. This case study demonstrated that the ratio n of scapulohumeral rhythm is 3.46 to 1, but there was individual difference.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.153-160
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• 2016

This study proposes an algorithm for removal of CPR artifact in order that automated external defibrillator (AED) can effectively diagnose ECG rhythm during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Current AED required to interrupt chest compression for reliable rhythm analysis to avoid the effect of artifacts produced by CPR. However even temporarily interruption of chest compression during CPR adversely affects the probability of restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and survival after the delivery of the shock. Therefore, we proposed a method for removal of CPR artifacts using least mean square (LMS) filter. The removal of the CPR artifacts would enable compressions to continue during AED rhythm analysis, thereby increasing the likelihood of resuscitation success. It was tested on 31 segments of shockable and 300 segments of non-shockable ECG signals recorded from three pigs during CPR. In the result, sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) analysis on the test segments showed values of Se = 3.2%, Sp = 66.0% and Se = 96.8%, Sp = 98.7% in the case of unfiltered and filtered signals during CPR. In conclusion, it was shown that the proposed method can be a useful tool to exactly diagnose the ECG rhythm during the CPR.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2017.07a
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• pp.158-160
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 인간의 신체, 감성, 지성의 생물시계 또는 체내시계라고 일컫는 바이오리듬 PSI 학설 중에서 신체리듬에 대해 실시간으로 분석하기 위한 신체리듬 PRV 엔진을 제안한다. 이 엔진은 IoT 환경에서 실시간으로 생체 데이터를 수집하여 동적으로 신체리듬의 패턴을 분석함으로써 효율적인 건강관리를 수행할 수 있다. 이렇게 분석되는 신체리듬 패턴은 신체의 건강관리에 대한 능동적인 정보를 제공해 주며 실시간으로 신체리듬을 파악할 수 있게 해 준다. 생체 데이터는 나이와 성별, 유전적 특징과 외부적인 환경요인에 의해 변화될 수 있으므로 신체리듬의 패턴을 실시간으로 분석할 수만 있다면 이를 통해 삶의 질을 높일 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 신체리듬 패턴분석 엔진을 제안하여 질병 예방 및 관리에 보다 철저하게 대비하여 고령화 사회에서의 건강에 대한 높은 관심도를 효과적으로 관리하고 건강관리의 효율성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 1999

The effect of circadian rhythm on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics was studied in rabbits after oral administration of 10 mg/kg dose of cyclosporine at 10:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. The blood concentration data were subjected to simultaneous computer nonlinear least squares regression analysis using a 1-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The blood concentrations of cyclosporine at 10:00 a. m. were increased significantly during 2-6 hr compared to those at 10:00 p.m. The area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC) and peak concentration $(C_{max})$ of cyclosporine at 10:00 a.m. were increased significantly compared to those at 10:00 p.m. The mean total body clearance (CL) of cyclosporine at 10:00 a.m. were decreased significantly compared to those at 10:00 p.m. It is reasonable to consider individual circadian rhythm for effective dosage regimen of cyclosporine in therapeutics.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.7
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• pp.1072-1077
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• 2017

Mean-reverting analysis refers to a way of estimating the underlining tendency after new data has evoked the variation in the equilibrium state. In this paper, we propose a new method to interpret the specular portraits of Premature Ventricular Contraction(PVC) arrhythmia by applying K-means unsupervised learning algorithm on electrocardiogram(ECG) data. Aiming at this purpose, we applied a mean-reverting model to analyse Heart Rate Variability(HRV) in terms of the modified poincare plot by considering PVC rhythm as the component of disrupting the homeostasis state. Based on our experimental tests on MIT-BIH ECG database, we can find the fact that the specular patterns portraited by K-means clustering on mean-reverting HRV data can be more clearly visible and the Euclidean metric can be used to identify the discrepancy between the normal sinus rhythm and PVC beats by the relative distance among cluster-centroids.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.243-252
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of trunk posture on muscle activity and motion of scapular and scapulohumeral rhythm. Thirty-one healthy subjects performed right-arm abduction and adduction along the frontal plane while standing in both upright and flexed posture of trunk. Scapular upward rotation, anterior tilting and internal rotation ware recorded using a motion analysis system and muscle activity of upper trapezius, lower trapezius and serratus anterior ware recorded using surface electromyography during abduction and adduction in both trunk postures. then, scapulohumeral rhythm was calculated. Scapulohumeral rhythm and scapular posterior tilting in flexed posture was significantly decreased than in upright posture. Also, muscle activity of lower trapezius in flexed posture was significantly increased and serratus anterior was significantly decreased than in general posture. The result of this study revealed that flexed posture of trunk altered the muscle activity and kinematic of scapular. Measurement of trunk posture should be included the evaluation of dysfunction and disorder of shoulder girdle since rehabilitation of trunk posture is important to restore of upper limbs function.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.440-444
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• 2010

A 7-year-old neutered male Shih Tzu dog weighing 5.2 kg was presented because of severe neurological signs (paddling, unconsciousness, blindness, seizure). ECG revealed accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR) with ~140 bpm ventricular rate. Based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, the neurological condition was tentatively diagnosed as disseminated granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME). The neurological signs were managed with steroids, anticonvulsive drugs, diuretics and antibiotics with 20% mannitol infusion. The rhythm disturbance (AIVR) was managed with oral medication of mexiletine. Because the heart rhythms were unstable without anti-arrhythmic therapy in spite of improvement of clinical signs after emergency treatment for neurological problems, the anti-arrhythmic therapy was maintained till the neurological signs were abolished.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.721-733
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• 2007

The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of the functional lateralization of the brain variables related to the sex, the scientific attitude and the scientific exploration skills. The science instruction is divided in each type of the lecturing class with the experiment class. As for the degree of SMR brainwave activation in each stage are presented while accumulating the brain waves from the right, left and the whole brain waves are analyzed during the science learning activities. It is therefore reasonable to consider the science instruction types and brain lateralization to enhance the science learning effectiveness. Sensorimotor rhythm brainwave as the low Beta is represented well to show the thought process. Category quantification scores and objective scores are calculated to show the visual positioning map for the relationships of the categories by homogeneity analysis.