• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.284-287
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• 2002

Four olefinic catechols, commonly referred to as urushiol were isolated from the sap of Korean Rhus verniciflua Stokes and had the stronger inhibitory effects on the reverse transcriptase of AIDS. The hexane extract with a inhibitory effects on reverse transcriptase was purified by silica and ODS gel column chromatography. The active compounds were identified by MS and $^1H-NMR$ as 3-[8' (Z), 11' (Z), 14' -pentadecatrienyl]catechol, 3-[8' (Z), 11' (Z)-pentadecadienyl]catechol, 3-[8' (Z)-penta- decenyl]catechol, and 3-pentadecylcatechol. All of these compounds showed strong inhibitory effects on reverse transcriptase of AIDS, in which 3-pentadecylcatechol exhibited the highest activity $(IC_{50}\;:\;10.87\;{\mu}g/ml)$.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2005

Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) has been used as a food supplement and a traditional herbal medicine. In this study, we prepared various flavonoid fractions (RS, RW1, RW2 and RWE) from a hot water extract of RVS and their influence on male reproductive organs and spermatogenesis were studied in rats which were orally administered 200 mg/kg of them for 8 weeks. All experimental groups did not show any significant changes in body weight and blood clinical chemistry for liver function. Plasma testosterone level was elevated about 3.7, 5.2 and 6.3 folds in RW1, RW2 and RWE groups, respectively. The weights of testes and epididymides tended to increase slightly without the statistical significance in RW2 and RWE. The spermatozoon motility and epididymal sperm concentration were significantly increased (P<0.05) in RWE and RW1, respectively, when compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in histology and apparent shape of testes and epididymides among the control and the experimental groups. Collectively, RWE showed effectively the elevation of plasma testosterone level, spermatozoon motility and the epididymal sperm concentration without the significant increase of testis and epidiymides weights. When the component HPLC profile among the flavonoids fractions of RVS was compared, the ratio of components were only different. These findings suggest that the Rhus flavonoid fraction, particularly RWE, can stimulate the androgen-dependent male sexual function and it can be applied to the material of functional food for enhancing the sexual function.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1654-1660
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• 1999

건칠(Rhus verniciflua STOKES)은 옻나무과(Anacardiaceae)에 속하는 옻나무(Rhus verniciflua STOKES)의 수액으로 한방에서는 구충, 복통, 통경, 변비의 목적으로 사용되어 왔다. 옻나무 75% 에탄올 추출물의 클로로포름 분획물을 phenolic 성분을 중심으로 분리하여 항산화 활성이 우수한 free phenolic acid 성분(RCF)을 가지고 silica gel column chromatography를 실시하여 RCF-11, RCF-13로 이름 붙이고, 분리된 획분은 Rancimat mathod에서 다른 획분보다 강한 항산화활성을 보였다. RCF-11은 다시 3개의 물질로, RCF-13은 1개의 물질로 분리되었다. 소분획으로 분리된 물질들은 전자공여능, Rancimat을 통한 유도기간의 측정과 liposome상에서의 TBA test를 통해 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. RCF-13-1은 74.1%로 가장 강한 활성을 나타내었고, RCF-11-2는 54.62%를 나타내어 같은 농도의 BHT(45.19%) 보다는 높은 전자공여능을 보였으며, BHA(73.47%), ${\delta}-tocopherol(75.48%)$과는 비슷한 전자공여능을 보였다. Rancimat test에서도 돈지를 기질로 하였을 때 RCF-11-1, RCF-11-2, RCF-11-3, RCF-13-1획분의 AI는 같은 농도에서 각각 1.17, 1.84, 2.68, 1.54로 RCF-11-3의 유도기간이 가장 길었다. Liposome상에 적용하였을 때도 RCF-11-3의 lipid peroxide inhi-bition(%)이 전자공여능과 유도기간의 결과와 같이 유지의 산패 지연 효과가 가장 우수하였다. 이 물질들은 mass 및 $^1H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR$통해 각각 gallic acid, butin, butein, sulfuretin으로 확인되었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.701-709
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• 2006

The Rhus verniciflua Stokes (乾漆-RVS) has been used in traditional East Asia medicine for the therapy of gastritis, stomach cancer, although the mechanism for the biological activity is unclear. In the present study aims to investigate RVS extract contributes to growth inhibitory effect and it's the molecular mechanism on the human gastric cancer cells. AGS (gastric cancer cells) and RIEI (normal cells) were treated to different concentrations and periods of RVS extract $(10{\;}{\sim{{\;}100{\;}ug/mil)$. Growth inhibitory effect was analyzed by measuring FACS study and MTS assay. Cell cycle inhibition was confirmed by measuring CDK2 kinase activity by immunoprecipitation and kinase assay. And apoptosis was confirmed by surveying caspase cascades activation using a pan caspase inhibitor Exposure to RVS extract (50 ug/mll) resulted in a synergistic inhibitory effect on cell growth in AGS cells. Growth inhibition was related with the inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. The extract induces Gl -cell cycle arrest through the regulation of cyclins, the induction of p27kip1, and the decrease CDK2 kinase activity. And upregulated p27kip1 level is caused by protein stability increment by the reduction of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), a key molecule related with p27kip1 ubiquitination and degradation, and do novo protein synthesis. Besides, 乾漆 extract induces apoptosis through the expression of Bax, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and activation of caspase-3. RVS extract induces Gl -cell cycle arrest via accumulation of p27kip1 and apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells but not in normal cells, therefore we suggest that the extract can be used as a novel class of anti-cancer drugs.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.208-212
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• 2009

The heartwood of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (Anacardiaceae) is widely used for a medicinal plant to treat diabetes mellitus and lingering intoxication in the folkloric society of Korea, while the stem bark has been traditionally used to treat menstrual disorder and helminthiasis. We previously reported that a flavonoid, fustin, isolated from the heartwood of R. verniciflua is effective in Alzheimer‘s disease and rheumatoid arthritis. To explore the possibility to produce more flavonoid-rich fraction from this plant, the MeOH extracts from the plant parts of stem bark, outer heartwood, and inner heartwood were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC. Phenolic or flavonoid compounds (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, sulfuretin, fustin, fisetin, luteolin and astragalin) were detectable in the HPLC chromatogram. The orange-colored inner heartwood was found to contain the highest levels of fustin (16.96 mg/g) and sulfuretin (2.22 mg/g). Moreover, the inner heartwood accumulated fustin and sulfuretin at least 4-fold higher level as compared to the stem bark and outer heartwood. The levels of total phenolic compounds positively correlated with the extents of antioxidant properties. Therefore, the inner heartwood of R. verniciflua could be used to increase fustin concentration of the extract which is capable of treating Alzheimer‘s disease and rheumatoid arthritis.

• 생태와환경
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.374-379
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• 2020

흰점박이꽃무지(Protaetia brevitarsis) 유충은 동아시아에서 식용 및 약용으로 널리 사용되고 있다. 흰점박이꽃무지 수요 증가로 인해 유충의 대량 사육 방법이 필요하지만 좁은 공간에서 대량으로 유충을 사육할 경우 곤충 병원성 질병 감염에 취약해진다. Metarhizium anisopliae는 흰점박이꽃무지 유충에 치명적인 곤충 병원성 곰팡이 중 하나이다. 이를 저해하기 위해 항진균 성분이 함유된 옻나무(Rhus verniciflua Stokes) 추출액을 첨가하였고, 연구 결과 1% 옻나무 추출액을 첨가한 경우 녹강균에 의한 유충의 치사율이 유의미하게 낮았다. 또한 일반톱밥을 급여한 대조구에 비해 옻나무 추출액 처리구에서 유충의 무게가 더 무거웠고 유충 기간이 짧아지는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 이 연구를 통해 곤충 병원성 곰팡이에 대한 옻나무 추출액의 항진균 효과를 확인할 수 있었으며 흰점박이꽃무지 유충 사육 시 옻나무 추출액을 첨가하여 급여한다면 병원성 곰팡이에 의한 유충의 치사율을 낮추고 증체량을 높이는 데 효과가 있을 것이다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2005

본 연구는 모델시스템과 가열우육에서 옻나무 추출물의 항산화 효과를 구명함으로서 육제품에 이용 가능성을 검토하고자 실시하였다. DPPH에 대한 소거력$(\%)$은 옻나무 에탄올 추출물을 1, 10, 100, 1,000 ppm으로 증가시킴에 따라 14.79, 75.08, 82.02, $83.97\%$로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 옻나무 에탄올 추출물(10 ppm)을 liposome과 육균질물에 첨가하면 대조구보다 높은 항산화 효과를 나타냈으며, 단독 첨가보다 $\alpha-tocopherol$(2 ppm) 혼용 첨가가 억제율이 증가되었다. 육균질물은 pH 6.0에서, liposome은 pH $5.0\~6.0$에서 최대 산화 억제율을 보였다. 또한 옻나무 열수 추출물의 첨가로 인해 가열 우육의 냉장저장 중 TBARS와 POV가 대조구보다 낮은 수준으로 유지되었으며(p<0.05), 소금을 첨가하여 산화를 촉진시켰어도 강력한 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. 따라서 육제품 제조 시 옻나무 추출물이 천연 항산화제로서 이용 가능성이 있다고 판단된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.12-26
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) on PMA-differentiated human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells. Methods: Cells were treated with various concentrations of RVS decoction (0-300㎍/ml) for 24, 48, and 72h. Cell viability was evaluated by MTS/PMS assay. The expressions of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, iNOS and COX-2 mRNA and proteins were measured using RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Results: RVS suppressed expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA. It also down-regulated iNOS and COX-2 mRNA and protein expression. RVS inhibited NF-𝜅B p65 activity and the phosphorylation of Akt and MAPK (ERK and p38 MAPK). Instead, the phosphorylation of JNK is increased at a very low concentration but decreased at higher concentrations. Conclusion: RVS is regarded to inhibit the expression of MMP and TIMP as well as iNOS and COX-2 gene expression via directly inhibiting the activation of NF-𝜅B and phosphorylation of MAPK pathway in THP-1 cells. This suggests RVS have potential to be used as a therapeutic agent for acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.112-117
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• 2009

Objective: Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) has anticancer effect confirmed by preclinical studies and historical records. We thus tried to evaluate retrospectively the effect of RVS as a complementary medicine for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) showing refractory to conventional chemotherapy. Patients and Methods: From June 1, 2006 to June 30, 2007, patients with advanced NSCLC who received both the standardized RVS extract and a standard course of second or more line therapy such as pemetrexed ($Alimta^{(R)}$), erlotinib ($Tarceva^{(R)}$), and gefitinib ($Iressa^{(R)}$) were checked. A total of 13 patients were eligible for the final analysis after fulfilling inclusion/exclusion criteria. Time to progression (TTP) of these patients treated with the standardized RVS extract was checked in the aftercare period. Results: Patients received RVS treatment for a median period of 296 (range 84-698) days. The median TTP was 220.5 (range 36-489) days, and three patients (23.1%) had TTP values of 15 more months. No significant side effects from RVS treatment have been observed. Conclusion: The standardized RVS extract might have synergetic effects by assisting apoptosis in advanced NSCLC with concurrent standard therapy agents, since it prolonged TTP without significant adverse effects. This study suggests that the standardized RVS extract is beneficial to patients with chemotherapy-refractory NSCLC. Further clinical trials and preclinical studies are necessary to determine the efficacy and safety of the standardized RVS extract in NSCLC.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2005

For a long time Rhus vemiciflua Stokes (RVS) has been traditionally used as a herbal plant in Asia. In this study, we have investigated the effect of acetone extract of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVSE) and fisetin, a component of RVSE, on DNA damage response in NIH3T3 cells. Exposure of cells to DVB light $(200 J/m^2)$ and postincubation in growth medium for 48 hr resulted in a decrease of cell viability to about $10-20\%$ of nontreated control. Addition of various concentrations of RVSE in the postincubation medium, however, significantly increased the cell viability as compared with the values expected. The genotoxicity-decreasing effect was also demonstrated in cells exposed to UVB light and incubated in medium containing fisetin. The genotoxicity-decreasing effect of RVSE and fisetin was further demonstrated by various analyses including cell morphology studies, trypan blue exclusion assay and DAPI staining. By Annexin V binding analysis, RVSE and fisetin were shown to decrease the early apoptosis induced by UVB exposure. These results suggest the RVSE contain components that either increase the DNA repair or decrease the apoptosis in UVB-exposed cells.