• Development and Reproduction
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2014

We investigated the process of yolk absorption in Korean rose bitterling, Rhodeus uyekii, and determined the changes in its morphometric characteristics. The R. uyekii from 1 days post hatching (DPH) to 21 DPH, the eye diameter (ED) was 5.4 at 5 DPH. Thereafter, the ED/total length (TL) ratio increased to 10.7 at 21 DPH (p<0.05). The yolk length (YL) decreased from 95.4 to 1.1 by 21 DPH, and this rate of decrease was greater than that for any other dimension (p<0.05). 12 morphometric dimensions/TL for the R. uyekii were measured at each sampling day from 21 DPH to 170 DPH. At just hatching, the average TL and BW were $6.1{\pm}0.09mm$ and $4.9{\pm}0.07mg$, respectively. At 53 DPH, the average TL was $12.9{\pm}0.28mm$ and the average BW was $14.7{\pm}0.72mg$; the total length growth equation was $TL=5.507e^{0.038t}$ ($R^2=0.916$). Further, the body weight growth equation was $BW=3.3647e^{0.0296t}$ ($R^2=0.9354$). The dimensions with regard to body depth showed the greatest growth rates in the external characteristics of the fish (p<0.05). The patterns of the morphometric characteristics measured in this study can be classified in three ways. The patterns were shown to be increased (y=0.0992x+12.07, $R^2=0.8333$), decreased (y=-0.0569x+42.029, $R^2=0.8395$) or maintained (y=0.005x+18.263, $R^2=0.3678$) from 21 DPH to 170. These results will provide useful indices for the successful rearing of the R. uyekii.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.151-159
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• 2012

Cross and reciprocal hybrids from intrageneric crosses between Rhodeus uyekii and R. notatus were analyzed morphometrically using truss and classical dimensions, erythrocyte size using blood smears, and cytogenetically using flowcytometry, then compared with the parental species. Although the morphometric assessment based on body proportions indicated that the hybrids were generally intermediate between the maternal and paternal species, the morphometric characters of cross and reciprocal hybrids included at least 14 paternal-like and 7 maternal-like, and 13 paternal-like and 5 maternal-like characters, respectively (P<0.05). The pigmentation of the hybrids was intermediate in some respects, and resembled that of the parental species. The DNA content of the cross and reciprocal hybrids, based on flow cytometry analysis, was significantly different from the parental species. The characterization of morphometric traits and the cytogenetic analysis of hybrids of R. uyekii and R. notatus used in this study may be useful for distinguishing genotypes in commercial Acheilognathinae aquaculture.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1995

The reproductive cycle of the bitterling, Rhodeus uyekii was studied to observe the annual variations of gonadosomatic index(GSI), size frequency distribution of egg, ovipositor length and histological changes of gonad. GSI began to increase from February when the water temperature started to increase, and reached the maximum value in May, whereas it began to decrease from July and reached the minimum value in August which in the highest water temperature season. It began to incerase again but showed low value from September to November. The GSI remained stable thereafter. Monthly changes in GSI, ovipositor length, frequency of egg diameter and gonadal histology showed that the annual reproductive cycle was classified into the following successive phases : primary growing phase from September to November, quiescent phase in December, secondary growing and mature phase from January to February, ripe and spawning phase from March to June, and recovery and resting phase from July to August.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.263-271
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• 2012

A female preference is a potentially complex function relating variation in multiple male traits with her probability of accepting the most optimal individuals as a mate. If mate preference is dominantly driven by additive fitness benefits, different females tend to be congruent in the decision of choice, whereas females will not necessarily share their mate preferences if non-additive benefits more strongly operate. Here, a sequential blocked design ($4{\times}4$) was applied to experimentally assess the relative contribution of additive and non-additive components to the female mate preference with Korean rosy bitterling, Rhodeus uyekii. In a total of 48 single stimulus presentations, behavioral elements of courtship activities were analyzed to derive the 'index of female preference'. Females showed a clear preference for males with more elaborate carotenoid colors, but mated randomly with respect to male body size and other color patterns. However, they were not individually consistent in their choice of mates, suggesting that non-additive components probably contribute to the evolution of female preference.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.272-279
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• 2005

The efficacy of lidocaine hydrochloride and Clove oil as anaesthetics was evaluated in the Korean rose bitterling, Rhodeus uyekii (Mori, 1935) and oily bitterling, Acheilognathus koreensis (Kim and Kim, 1990) at four different temperatures of $10^{\circ}C,\;15^{\circ}C,\;20^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. When complete anaesthesia was acquired less than 3 min and recovery was acquired less than 10 min, the optimal dose range of lidocain hydrochloride at $20^{\circ}C$ was 250${\~}$550 ppm in Korean rose bitterling, and 150${\~}$550 ppm in oily bitterling, respectively. In case of Clove oil, the optimal dose range at $20^{\circ}C$ was 40${\~}$200 ppm in Korean rose bitterling and 80${\~}$240 ppm in oily bitterling, respectively. Both of lidocaine hydrochloride and Clove oil resulted in a negatively dose-dependent manner for anaesthesia induction time in these two species. Recovery times were more variable in relation to anaesthetic doses, but in general higher anaesthetic doses resulted in similar or longer recovery time. As expected, the lower temperature resulted in longer anaesthesia induction and recovery time. The study demonstrated that lidocaine hydrochloride and Clove oil can be used as effective anaesthetics in these two species. The results from this study could be useful for aquaculturists industry and other related husbandry practices that require anaesthesia of Korean rose bitterling and oily bitterling.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.520-524
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• 1999

The rose bitterling (Rhodeus uyekii), aboriginal fish of Korea, have beautiful nuptial colors on the body and fins in their spawning season. So, this species has high possibility to become a new ornamental Bish. However, nothing is known about the color composition of body colors of this species. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the color component of the skin and fins of the bitterling collected from natural environment. The major component of the nuptial colors was carotenoids according to the present study. Amount of total carotenoids on the skin and fins, had a tendency to be higher during the spawning season than the non-spawning season; it was $44.9mg\%$ during spawning season and $41.8mg\%$ during non-spawning season. The composition of carotenoid during spawning season was $36.7\%$ of zeaxanthin $30.1\%$ of $\beta$-carotene, and $16.4\%$ of diatoxanthin. The composition of carotenoid during non-spawning season was $41.2\%$ of $\beta$-carotene, $18.1\%$ of diatoxanthin, and $14.0\%$ of isocryptoxanthin. The major component of the carotenoid during spawning season turned out to be zeaxanthin while the major component of the carotenoid during non-spawning season was $\beta$-carotene.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.123-130
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• 2019

The olfactory organ of the Korean endemic fish, Rhodeus uyekii, a mussel-spawning species, was researched anatomically, histologically and histochemically, for looking into a relation to the physical and chemical condition of its habitat and ecological habit, using stereo microscopy, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The external structure of the olfactory organ consists of the semicircular-shaped anterior nostril with arched shape at its forward position, posterior nostrils and the nasal flap. Within the olfactory chamber, it has the rosette structure with 14 to 15 lamellae which is largely divided into the sensory and non-sensory regions. The sensory region has the olfactory receptor neurons, the supporting cells, the basal cells, the lymphatic cells, and the plasma cells, while the non-sensory region has the stratified epithelial cells, the mucous cells with sulfomucin and 1 type of unidentified cell. In particular, the arched feature in the anterior nostril and the mucous cell of sulfomucin were unique.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.135-144
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• 2015

Heat shock protein (HSP) 70, the highly conserved stress protein families, plays important roles in protecting cells against heat and other stresses in most animal species. In the present study, we identified and characterized four Hsp70 (RuHSP4, RuHSC70, RuHSP12A, RuGRP78) family proteins based on the expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis of the Korean rose bitterling R. uyekii cDNA library. The deduced RuHSP70 family has high amino acid identities of 72-99% with those of other species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that RuHsp70 family clustered with fish groups (HSP4, HSC70, HSP12A, GRP78) proteins. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed the specific expression patterns of RuHsp70 family members in the early developmental stages and several tissues in Korean rose bitterling. The expression of 4 groups of Hsp70 family was detected in all tested tissue. Particularly, Hsp70 family of Korean rose bitterling is highly expressed in hepatopancreas and sexual gonad (testis and ovary). The expression of Hsp70 family was differentially regulated in accordance with early development stage of Rhodeus uyekii.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.251-258
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• 2014

Serine-arginine-rich nuclear protein LUC7L plays an important role in the regulation of myogenesis in mice. In the present study, we isolated and characterized the Korean rose bitterling Rhodeus uyekii Luc7l cDNA, designated RuLuc7l. The RuLuc7l cDNA is 1,688 bp long and encodes a 364-amino-acid polypeptide containing serine/arginine-rich region at the C-terminus. The deduced RuLuc7l protein has high amino acid identity (71-97%) with those of other species including human. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that RuLUC7L clustered with fish LUC7L proteins. The expression of RuLuc7l mRNA was high in the brain, kidney, and stomach of Korean rose bitterling. Expression of the RuLuc7l mRNA was detected from 1 day post-fertilization (dpf) and moderately increased until 21 dpf during the early development. Further investigations are required to elucidate the functional role of RuLUC7L in myogenesis in R. uyekii.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.43-55
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• 1995

Based on the reproductive cycle of Rhodeus uyekii, the reproductive control mechanism was examined under the several combinations of photoperiod and temperature regimes at different phases of their reproductive cycle. In early spring, the gonads developed rapidly under the warm temperature condition(above $8^{\circ}C$), regardless of the photoperiod. In late spring or early summer, gonads intensely regressed under the high temperature condition(above $24^{\circ}C$), regardless of the photoperiod. Thus, it is concluded that the spawning period of R. uyekii is initiated by the rising of water temperature in spring and is terminated by the high temperature in early summer. In autumn, the gonadal recrudescence occurs under the conditions of artificial long daylength with warm temperature(15L/9D, $12^{\circ}C{\sim}20^{\circ}C$), whereas the gonads remain in the existing condition under the short daylength. Therefore, in autumn the gonadal recrudescence is prevented by the short daylength although the temperature is still in favorable condition. In bitterling, the responsiveness of the gonads to photoperiod varies clearly with seasons, which was declined during the winter but increased during the autumn. The critical photoperiod for maturation ranges 12~13 hours of light per day. The results indicate that the proper ranges of temperature and photoperiod for gonadal maturation of this species are from $8^{\circ}C$ to $8^{\circ}C$ and from 13L to 15L, respectively.