• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.28-48
• /
• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of traditional Chinese medicine for sudden sensorineural hearing Loss(SSHL) in Chinese journals. Methods : Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) and Wanfang med online were used to search randomized controlled trials(RCTs) on SSHL which were published from January, 2017 to December, 2021. Results : Among Chinese studies, Tonifying and Replenishing medicinal(補益藥) and Exterior-releasing medicinal(解表藥) were the most frequently used medicine in treating SSHL. Acori Graminei Rhizoma(石菖蒲) was the most frequently used herb excluding Glycyrrhizae Radix(甘草). All studies reported that using Traditional Chinese Medicine alone or combining western medicne(WM) is more effective for treating SSHL than using WM alone, although one study reported the result is not statistically significant. Conclusions : In analysis of selected studies, co-treatment of traditional chinese medicine and WM can be more effective way for treating SSHL than using WM alone. Side effects of treating SSHL can also be reduced by co-treatment of traditional chinese medicine and WM.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2023

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Tanghwajitongsan(THJTS) through inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK. Methods : We evaluated cell survival rate by MTT assay, NO production by nitrite content in the culture medium. We quantified TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE₂ of the cultured supernatant by ELISA. And we evaluated the effect of THJTS on protein expression of NF-κB, MAPK, iNOS and COX-2 by Western blot analysis. THJTS ameliorates LPS-activated alterations in protein expression of NF-κB, p-38, iNOS and COX-2 and production of NO, pro-inflammatory cytokines and PGE₂. Also, THJTS ameliorates LOX, PGN and FLA-activated alterations in protein expression of NO, iNOS. THJTS ameliorates only PGN-activated alterations in protein expression of COX-2. Results : THJTS ameliorates LPS-activated alterations in protein expression of NF-κB, p-38, iNOS and COX-2 and production of NO, pro-inflammatory cytokines and PGE₂. Also, THJTS ameliorates LOX, PGN and FLA-activated alterations in protein expression of NO, iNOS. THJTS ameliorates only PGN-activated alterations in protein expression of COX-2. Conclusions : This study can provide scientific evidence for the anti-inflammatory effects and underlying mechanisms of THJTS.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.29 no.5
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to test the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of BPH, which is composed of Pini Densiflorae Nodi Lignum and Querci Acutissimae Fructus, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix. Method : Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of BPH on Propionibacterium acnes, one of anaerobic bacteria species were evaluated by measuring the levels of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) elimination and lipid peroxidation. Result : When BPH was applied to CCD-986sk (Human normal fibroblast) to confirm the level of cytokine(tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-8), its level increased in proportion to that of BPH's concentration, which indicated dose-dependent relationship. Using the Disk diffusion to measure the bacterial growth inhibition zone varying BPH concentration, it was found that the antibacterial effect of BPH was less than that of erythromycin, the control group, but was higher than that of saline, and it increased with higher concentrations. In a liquid culture medium containing BPH, the growth rate of Propionibacterium acnes was decreased by more than 10% at 25% BPH. After adding P. acnes to THP-1 monocyte, and treated it with BPH, and measuring the concentration of TNF-a and IL-8, it was observed that the amount of TNF-alpha and IL-8 significantly decreased depending on the level of BPH concentration. The ability to eliminate DPPH increased with higher BPH concentration. The inhibition of lipid peroxidation was increased by BHT treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion : Using Propionibacterium acnes, an anaerobic bacteria, we confirmed that BPH has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.43-48
• /
• 2012

Objectives : This study was investigated to determine the contents of pesticide residues and sulfur dioxide residues in commercial herbal medicines in Korea. Methods : Chromatographic test was performed on 100 samples consisted with 10 kinds of medicinal plants including improted and domestic products. To establish 19 pesticide residues (DDE, DDD, DDT, Dieldrin, Methoxychlor, BHC isomers, Aldrin, Endosulfan isomers, Endrin, Captan, Procymidone, Chlorpyrifos and Imidacloprid) in commercial herbal medicines, chromatographic equipments were used with the gas chromatography-mass detector and gas chromatography-electron capture detector for qualitative analysis. The imidacloprid analysis was performed by high performance liquid chromatograpgy-ultraviolet detector at 270 nm UV wavelength. The contents of sulfur dioxides were analyzed by modified Monnier-Williams method. All methods were based on notification procedure of Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA). Results : The residual pesticides were not founded in improted and domestic samples. Among 100 samples, the residues of sulfur dioxide in 73 samples were not detected and 25 samples showed contents in the range of 0~21.90 mg/kg. The excess samples of MRLs were 2 samples (30 mg/kg to medicinal herbs), Asiasari Radix et Rhizoma (Imported product) and the average amount of sulfur dioxide in 2 unsuitable samples were 14.83 mg/kg. These samples were found to transgress KFDA regulatory guidance of residual sulfur dioxide. Conclusion : These results are able to use as basic data to improve the reliability and value of commercial medicinal herbs.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2019

Objectives : It has been known to be correlated between phlegm and dementia from the perspective of oriental medicine, but it is unexplored whether herbal medicines to treat phlegm have pharmacological actions on Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to evaluate and to compare effects of herbal medicines to treat phlegm against AD in vitro. Methods : We selected 11 herbal medicines which treat phlegm and obtained each extract by boiling in 10-fold distilled water for 2 h. And we performed the assay of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effects of 11 herbal extracts. Next, we evaluated neuroprotective effects of them against amyloid $beta_{25-35}$ ($A{\beta}_{25-35}$) plaque-induced toxicity in HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. To investigate whether they show the anti-inflammatory effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we also measured the levels of nitric oxide (NO) in BV2 microglia cells using griess reagent assay. Results : We found that Gamiyeongsin-hwan (GYH) and Cheonghunhwadam-tang (CHT) exhibited remarkable AChE inhibitory effects. In HT22 cells, Arisaematis Rhizoma, Trichosanthis Semen and Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus suppressed $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ plaque-induced neuronal cell death. In BV2 cells, Cheongung-hwan significantly inhibited the increase of NO contents induced by LPS and GYH and CHT showed a tendency to inhibit LPS-induced NO generation. Conclusions : These results suggest that several herbal medicines to treat phlegm showed the significant effects on AChE inhibition, neuroprotection against $A{\beta}_{25-35}$ plaque-induced toxicity, and inhibition of NO generation. Therefore, we demonstrate the possibility that herbal medicines with treating phlegm has effects against AD.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.44-55
• /
• 2021

Objectives: As the use of herbal medicinal products (HMPs) increases worldwide, systematic verification of the safety of HMPs is required. The induction of cardiotoxicity is one of the major factors in post-approval withdrawal of medicinal products, and drug-induced cardiotoxicity assessment is emerging as an important step in drug development. In the present study, we evaluated human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channel-related cardiotoxicity to predict the risk of cardiac arrhythmia in thirteen herbal medicines known to have cardiac toxicity. Methods: We measured the inhibition rate of hERG potassium channel activity of 13 medicinal herbal extracts in hERG-expressing HEK 293 cells using an automated patch-clamping system. Quinidine was used as a positive control for inhibition of hERG activity. Results: Extracts of Evodiae Fructus, Strychni Semen, and Corydalis Tuber potently inhibited the activity of hERG, and IC₅₀ values were 3.158, 19.87, and 41.26 ㎍/mL, respectively. Cnidi Fructus, Ephedra Herba, Lithospermi Radix, Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Visci Ramulus et Folium, Asiasari Radix et Rhizoma, and Scolopendra weakly inhibited hERG activity, and the IC₅₀ value for each herbal medicine was more than 400 ㎍/mL. Aconiti Kusnezoffii Tuber and two types of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (Po and Yeom) had weak inhibitory activity against hERG, and the IC₅₀ values were more than 700 ㎍/mL. The IC₅₀ value of quinidine against hERG was 1.021 𝜇M. Conclusion: Evodiae Fructus, Strychni Semen, and Corydalis Tuber acted as potent inhibitors against hERG. These herbal medicines may cause cardiac arrhythmia through QT prolongation, so care should be taken when taking them.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.181-189
• /
• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report a case of Korean medicine on acute radiation dermatitis. Methods : This study was conducted with an acute radiation dermatitis patient who hospitalized in ophthalmology, otolaryngology & dermatology clinic of Korean medical hospital. The patient was treated with Korean medicine including acupuncture, wet dressing, herbal ointment and phototherapy. We evaluated the patient's subject symptoms before and after treatment using the VAS scale and CTCAE. Results : The patient's subjective symptoms were improved after treatment. Conclusions : It is considered that Korean medicine could be applied to the treatment of acute radiation dermatitis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.42 no.6
• /
• pp.1184-1198
• /
• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the latest clinical studies on Korean medicine treatment of post-concussion syndrome (PCS) in the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI). Methods: We searched the last 10 years of clinical studies discussing Oriental medicine-based treatments for PCS in the CNKI database. The search focused on the authors, publication year, type of study, purpose of the study, method and duration of treatment, evaluation criteria, and results of each article. Results: Of the 22 selected studies, 1 was a non-randomized controlled trial (nRCT), 2 were case series, and 19 were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Treatments included oral herbal medicine in 16 studies, oriental medicine through external use in 2 studies, acupuncture in 3 studies, and traditional Chinese medicine injection in 2 studies. The most frequently used herb was Cnidii Rhizoma (川芎). All 22 studies confirmed the efficacy of Oriental medicine treatments. Conclusion: More varied and scientifically designed clinical studies are required to develop treatments for PCS. The results of this study could be used as basic data for further PCS studies.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.277-285
• /
• 2022

Objectives: Gastrodia elata (GE) has been used to treat cognition impairment, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of GE water extracts (GEE) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AD model in mice. (Aβ). Methods: We classified six groups as follow; group 1: control (CON), group 2: LPS (0.5 mg/kg/day, four times), group 3: 4 mg/kg donepezil (DP), group 4: 100 mg/kg GEE+LPS, group 5: 200 mg/kg GEE+LPS, group 6: 500 mg/kg GEE+LPS. Results: We found that GEE has an effect that inhibits decrease of discrimination index in object recognition test, as well as spontaneous alteration in the Y-maze test by LPS. Treatment with LPS increased amlyloid-β (Aβ) concentration, and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in cerebral cortex of mice. However, GEE significantly protected against LPS-induced Aβ and BDNF changes. Our findings also showed that the inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)] mRNA and protein were up-regulated by the LPS injection. But GEE significantly suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines increase in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: This study suggests that the GEE may be an effective AD therapeutic agent, in treating neurodegenerative diseases including AD.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.21-31
• /
• 2022

Objectives : The Gyotae-hwan formula has traditionally been applied to conditions of fearful throbbing[怔忡] and insomnia due to disharmony of the Heart and Kidney, of which experimental and clinical research has been carried out while those on its pathological mechanism and constituent compatibility have been inadequate. Methods : Pathological mechanism and constituent compatibility of the Gyotae-hwan formula as listed in the 『Comprehensive Medicine According to Master Han』(韓氏醫通) and the『Simple Recipes for Four Disciplines』(四科簡效方) were analyzed. Findings from recent researches searched using the keywords '交泰丸' and '교태환' in the OASIS and CNKI databases were referenced as well. Results : The Gyo-tae hwan was first mentioned in the text 『Comprehensive Medicine According to Master Han』by Mao Han in terms of constituent medicinals and application while measurements and name of formula were not listed while the concept of harmony between the Heart and Kidney was mentioned. In the『Simple Recipes for Four Discipline s』 written by Shixiong Wang, measurements of constituent medicinals, usages and name of formula were finally mentioned, along with its efficacy to treat fearful throbbing and insomnia due to disharmony between the Heart and the Kidney. Conclusions : In conclusion, the Gyo-tae hwan uses Coptidis Rhizoma as chief herb and Cinnamomi Cortex as assistant herb to change the state of disharmony between the Heart and Kidney to a harmonious state, treating insomnia and fearful throbbing.