• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.820-825
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• 2010

In this study, we intended to design the optimal Fermi filter to apply the k-space date that is knee image of the rheumatoid arthritis patient acquired from the MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) instrument. After deciding the suitable coefficient for the Fermi filter, the results were compared with modified Fermi filter and inverse Chebyshev filter, Chebyshev filter, Elliptic filter and Butterworth filter. Firstly, in comparison to the results, the radiologist confirmed that modified Fermi filter was best decision for boundary of the rheumatoid arthritis images. The number of the black voxels of the histogram showed the quantity of the results. At the proposed filter images, numbers of the blacks voxels were statistically decreased. That meant voxels only appeared the black color were changed to others voxels color. Because the number of the total voxels was fixed, the area appeared block color could be effected to the other areas. If the modified Fermi filter were used for rheumatoid arthritis patient, the result will be better than other filters.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.278-285
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was performed to verify the effect of Tai Chi exercise on patients with rheumatoid arthritis particularly their level of pain, fatigue, sense of balance and daily lift performance(ADL). Method: It employed a non-equivalent control group pre- and post-test design. The research instruments used in this study were pain, fatigue, sense of balance and ADL. Thirty-two patients in the experimental group carried out 50 minutes of Tai Chi exercise for 12 weeks, and 29 patients in the control group did not. Before and after the experiment, both groups were tested for pain, fatigue, sense of balance and ADL. Collected data were processed using the SPSS/WIN 10.0 program analyzed by the frequency, percentage, $x^2-test$, and t-test. Results: Pain and fatigue significantly decreased in the experimental group. However the improvement in ADL of the rheumatoid arthritis patients was not statistically significant but their sense of balance was enhanced significantly. Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise is an effective nursing intervention that can be used for rheumatoid arthritis patients.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.74-87
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• 2004

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the outcome of exercise programs for Rheumatoid Arthritis patients and its tendency with network analysis. Method: 30 articles from Medline search of foreign nursing journals(1966-2002) and 5 from three Korean nursing journals(1970-2002) were surveyed. The contents analyses were focused on outcome measures and network analysis of exercise programs. Results: Exercise programs result in improving muscle strength(91.7%), aerobic capacity(72.9%), and 50 feet walk time(57.3%). Among several exercises, water exercise, and Tai-chi are in the middle of weight-bearing exercises. In the experimental design, non-randomized control trials were 40%, and the functional status of subjects were not classified in 40% of the articles surveyed. Conclusion: Considering the results, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, and 50 feet walk time were tested as valid outcome measures. Tai-chi exercise could be recommended as proper exercise for Rheumatoid arthritis patients because of its low intensity of weight-bearing exercise. In terms of research methods, the randomized trials and functional classifications of rheumatoid arthritis should be done more strictly.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.189-198
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was done to identify the relationship between the level of pain and depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The subjects for this study were 222 patients registered in H University Hospital Rheumatoid Arthritis Center, and the period of data collection was from July 20, 2000 to August 30, 2000. The research instruments used in this study were the Graphic Rating Scale of Pain and the CES-D for depression. The cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of the CBS-D scale was .89. Data analysis, was done by the SPSSWIN 10.0 program using descriptive statistics. The results are as follows. 1) The total pain score ranged from 0 to 147 with a mean score for pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of 72.64. 2) The total depression score ranged from 20 to 72 with a mean score of 39.86. 3) There was a significant difference in pain according to sex(F=5.26, p<.05) and education level (F = 3.59, p<.05). 4) There was a significant difference in depression scores according to sex (F=7 76, p<.05) and education level (F=3.02, p<.05). 5) The level of pain had a significant correlation with the level of education level(r=-.174, p<.01). The level of depression was significant correlation with the level of pain (r=.237. p<.01).

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1105-1114
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the scaling experience and related factors of people diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: The subjects were 30,680 people diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis from the 2014 community health survey who were $${\geq_-}19$$ years old. Data were analyzed by chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Those having regular scaling included well educated people, drinkers, more than three times tooth brushing practice, and regular dental checkup. The respondents were in the higher quartile of income And the respondents who were in the higher quartile of income were less likely to have scaling experience (p<0.05). Conclusions: The scaling experience was closely related with the age, educational level, residential area, income, drinking, tooth brushing practice, and regular dental checkup. It is necessary to investigate the influencing factors of rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal diseases in the further studies.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

Objectives: To evaluate the evidence supporting the effectiveness of Chuna manual therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: We conducted a search across 9 electronic databases to find all randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) that used Chuna manual therapy as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. The methodological quality of each RCT was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: Our inclusion criteria were met by 5 RCTs. The meta-analysis showed positive results for the use of Chuna manual therapy combined with oriental usual care (UC) in terms of the efficacy rate, pain, and duration of morning stiffness when compared to western UC. Positive results were also obtained in terms of the efficacy rate, when Chuna manual therapy combined with medication was compared to medication treatments alone. Conclusions: Our systematic review found encouraging, but limited evidence of Chuna manual therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. However, to obtain stronger evidence without the drawbacks of trial design and the quality of studies, we recommend a comparative research to test the effectiveness of Chuna manual therapy.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was to find out the relationships between helplessness and health behavior of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Method: The subjects were 293 rheumatoid arthritis patients who visit 2 rheumatology outpatient clinics in G city. Data were collected by questionnaires including Arthritis helplessness index(Nicassio, Wallston, Callahan, Herbert, & Pincus, 1985)and health behavior assessment scale(Jo, Oh & Choe, 2000). The data were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. Results: The majority of the subjects were women and the mean age was 50.4years. The mean duration of illness was 8.9years. There were negative correlations between the degree of helplessness and the degree of health behavior. The degree of helplessness was significantly high in those who were older, female, less educated, out of workforce, and those who had no chances to attend any arthritis-related classes. The degree of health behavior was significantly low in those who were older, high school graduate, in higher economic status, married, and those who had chances to attend arthritis-related classes. Conclusion: To reduce the helplessness of rheumatoid arthritis patients, the nursing intervention which is to increase the health behavior should be developed and provided to the rheumatoid arthritis patients.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.79-96
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• 2023

Objectives This study was designed to review the effect of Jakyakkamchobuja-tang on rat model with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods We used seven databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, Korean studies Information Service System, National Digital Science Library) from their inception to May 2023 without language restrictions. Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation's tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias. RevMan software (V5.4) was used for the meta-analysis. Results Five studies were selected following our inclusion criteria. The arthritis index decreased significantly (standardized mean difference=-2.06; 95% confidence interval=-3.07 to -1.04; p<0.0001) in Jakyakkamchobuja-tang group. Also, serum cytokines in serum and paw swelling degree decreased in Jakyakkamchobuja-tang group. Conclusions Jakyakkamchobuja-tang may be effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Although there is a limitation that the design of drug dosage varies between papers, it can be expected to be applied as an alternative to Western medicine, and it is believed to contribute to the standardization of herbal treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.88-91
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• 1994

Arthritis may well be the diagnosis most commonly encountered by physicla therapists. Until the past few year, physical therapy treatment programs for arthritis consisting of heat, ROM, isometric exercise and rest were the rule. But now physical therapy treatment activities have changee. New philosophies, about exercise in particular, have emerge, as well as an improved understanding and application of physical agents. Therefore a review of the literature regarding physical therapy for rheumatoid arthritis is presented.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.251-261
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• 2005

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune/inflammatory disorder with a complex genetic component. RA is characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial membrane in the joint, which leads to the progressive destruction of articular cartilage, ligament and bone. Several cytokines such as tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}\;TNF-{\alpha}\;and\;interleukin-1{\beta}\;(IL-1{\beta})$ and interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been implicated in the pathological mechanisms of synovial tissue proliferation, joint destruction and programmed cell death in rheumatoid joint. Genome wide screening of subjects suffering from autoimmune diseases especially arthritis revealed linkage to inflammatory molecules like $TNF-{\alpha},\;IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor-kappaB $(NF-{\kappa}B)$ and human leucocyte antigen/major histocompatibility complex (HLA/MHC) locus. The status of the pharmacological mechanism of herbal drugs in the light of genome wide screening results has been discussed to reinforce the therapeutic potential and the pharmacological basis of the herbal drugs.