• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.4 s.59
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• pp.257-261
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• 2006

The aim of this study is to assess the anti-irritation activities of Rheum undulatum L. extract against various irritants. In order to investigate the anti-inflammation effects of Rheum undulatum L. extract on keratinocytes, we measured the quantities of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$(TNF ${\alpha}$) secreted by cultured human keratinocytes. As the results, Rheum undulatum L. extract inhibited the secretion of these cytokines dosage-dependently. We also investigated the anti-inflammation effects of Rheum undulatum L. extract against irritant skin reactions induced by 3 mM Methyl nicotinate. The flush was significantly decreased by application of O/W emulsion containing Rheum undulatum L. extract. In the primary irritation test, when Rheum undulatum L. extract was included in O/W emulsion containing 5.0% lactic acid, its considerable anti-irritation effect was revealed. In a in-use test, we confirmed the excellent anti-irritation effect of O/W emulsion containing Rheum undulatum L. extract.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 2000

Rheum undulatum L. has been used as Rhei Radix in Korean Pharmacopea although their pharmacological effects were not studied much. In this studym, we tested anti-inflammatory effect as a representative activity of Rheum undulatum L. extracts using cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibition. Murine macrophage, Raw 264.7 cells were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) to induce COX-2. The prostagladin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) levels as an indicator of COX-2 activity were determined in the culture medium using ELISA. Inhibition of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) as a standard, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, rhein, 80% ethanol extract of Rheum undulatum L. (Ex) and ether fraction (Fr) after acid hydrolysis of Rheum undulatum L. were tested in induced COX-2 described above. $IC_{50}$ values were 0.082 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for ASA. 181 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for aloe-emodin, 3.65 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for emodin, 144 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for chrysophanol, 39.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for rhein, 141 $\mu\textrm{g}$ of herb/ml for Ex, and 95.7 $\mu\textrm{g}$ of herb/ml for Fr. We found that Ex and Fr of Rheum undulatum L. were more effective than other anthraquinones, since their $IC_{50}$ are lower than others.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2011

Objectives : The present study investigated inflammatory effect of Rheum undulatum L. in lipopolysaccharide-exposed rats and Raw 264.7 cells. Methods : Male rats weighting $185.39{\pm}8.21g$ fed basal diet for 1 week and 32 rats were divided into a control group and 3 experimental groups. We fed a control group of rats a basal diet and administered normal saline(100 mg/kg, 1time/1day) for 6 weeks. And we fed basal diet and administered an extract of Rheum undulatum L.(100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 1time/1day) to each experimental group of rats. We measured the plasma concentration of $IL-1{\beta}$($interleukin-1{\beta}$), IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$(tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$), liver cytokines, Raw 264.7 macrophages cytokines. Results : The plasma concentration of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ peaked at 5h(hour) after LPS(lipopolysaccharides) injection, and the values of the Rheum undulatum L. extract groups were lower than those of the control group. In the increment of these cytokines concentration at 2h and 5h after LPS injection, the Rheum undulatum L. groups were lower than that of control group. The plasma concentration of IL-10 peaked at 5h after LPS injection, and the values of the Rheum undulatum L. extract groups were higher than those of the control group. In the increment of this cytokine concentration at 2h and 5h after LPS injection, the Rheum undulatum L. groups were higher than that of control group. Liver cytokines measurement was done at 5h after LPS injection. The concentration of liver $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 in the Rheum undulatum L. groups was lower than that of the control group. The concentrations of liver $TNF-{\alpha}$, and IL-10 showed no significant differences among all the treatment groups. In the studies of lipopolysaccharide-exposed Raw 264.7 cells, the concentration of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in the lipopolysaccharide-exposed cells groups was higher than that of control group(normal group), and in the lipopolysaccharide-exposed cells groups, these values showed a tendency to decrease in the Rheum undulatum L. groups. The concentration of IL-10 in the lipopolysaccharide-exposed cells groups was higher than that of control group(normal group), and in the lipopolysaccharide-exposed cells groups, the values showed a tendency to increase in the Rheum undulatum L. groups. Conclusions : These results indicate that the Rheum undulatum L. extracts have an functional material for inflammatory activities.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 2009

Rheum undulatum and Rheum palmatum have been widely used as food material as well as medicinal ingredients for their therapeutic effects in oriental countries. Many kinds of herbs are being used in the manufacture of functional foods. The objective of this study was to determine polyphenol content, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, tyrosinase activity, and electron donating ability of R. undulatum and R. palmatum. Total polyphenol content were most effective in 50 and 100% ethanol extracts from R. undulatum and R. palmatum. SOD-like activities of R. undulatum extracts were higher than those of R. palmatum extracts, and water extracts of samples were highest. EDAs of R. undulatum extracts were higher (26.76-44.46%) than those of R. palmatum extracts, while those of both extracts were lower than 1.0 and 0.1% L-ascorbate. And these suggest that the extracts of R. undulatum and R. palmatum can be used as a material in functional food.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.87-91
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• 2003

Objectives: To examine the relaxational response to the water extract of Rheum palmatum L. and Rheum undulatum L. on rat thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta. Methods: Segments of thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta obtained from rats immediately after delivery were mounted in organ baths superfused on a polygraph. Results : We found that the thoracic aorta segments responded to the water extract of genus Rheum with a dose-dependent vasorelaxation. At $10^{-4}$ M 5-HT, the maximal contraction force was 93.5% of the maximum KCI-response. The 5-HT induced contractions at $10^{-4}$ M were inhibited by 86.4% and 62.1 % after addition of the high concentrations of R. palmatum root (RPR) and leaf (RPL) and R. undulatum root (RUR) and leaf (RUL). At 10 mg/ml RPR and RUR, the relaxational response at thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta with and without endothelium were 86.4%, 83.2%, 85.8%, and 62.1% of the maximum 5-HT induced contraction. Conclusion: Our result showed that RPL and RUL induced dose-dependent vasorelaxation on rat thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta, and that RPL and RUL roots have more potent effects than the leaves.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1 s.31
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• pp.280-301
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• 1996

This thesis is on the effects of the Injections of Mokhyangsunkisan extract, Mokhyangsunkisan plus Rheum undulatum L. extract and Palmisunkisan extract clinical experiments wre done with medicines to research their analgesic and anti-convulsive action and their efficiency on $O_3$ and Xylene-poisoned lung damage and the pulmonary thromboembolism of rats and mice. The results are as follows; 1. As to the analgesic action, each Injection of Mokhyangsunkisan extract, Mokhyangsunkisan plus Rheum undulatum L. extract and Palmisunkisan extract had significant effects. Among them the Injection of Mokhyangsunkisan plus Rheum undulatum L. extract had the highest effect. 2. As to the anti-convulsive action, each Injections of Mokhyangsunkisan extract and Palmisunkisan extract had significant effects whereas that of the Injection of Mokhvangsunkisan plus Rheum undulatum L. extract had no effect. 3. In the frsearch of the Lung TBA values of $O_3$-poisoned rats. each Injection of Mokhyangsunkisan extract and Palmisunkisan extract had significant effects whereas that of the Injection of Mokhyangsunkisan plus Rheum undulatum L. extract had no effect. 4. None of the Injection of Mokhyangsunkisan extract, Mokhyangsunkisan plus Rheum undulatum L, extract and Palmisunkisan extract had significant effects in the experiments about the variation of the $Na^+$ contents and $K^+$ contents in the serum electrolytes of the $O_3$-poisoned rats. 5. In the research of the Lung TBA values of Xylene-poisoned rats all the three Injections had prominent effects. 6. In the research of the Lung weight in Xylene-poisoned rats each Injections of Mokhyangsunkisan extract and Palmisunkisan extract had significant effects whereas that of the Injection of Mokhyangsunkisan plus Rheum undulatum L. extract had no effect. 7. In the experiments about the variation of the $Na^+$ contents in the serum electrolytes of the Xylene-poisoned rats the Injection of Mokhyangsunkisan extract had a significant effect whereas those of the Injections of Mokhyangsunkisan plus Rheum undulatum L. extract and Palmisunkisan extract had no significant effects. 8. None of the Injection of Mokhyangsunkisan extract, Mokhyangsunkisan plus Rheum undulatum L. extract and Palmisunkisan extract had significant effects in the experiments about the variation of the $K^+$ contents in the serum electrolytes of the Xylene-poisoned rats. 9. All the three Injections had prominent death-repressive effects on the pulmonary thromboembolism induced by Sodium Arachidonate. 10. Each Injection of Mokhyangsunkisan extract and Palmisunkisan extract had death-repressive effects on the pulmonary thromboembolism induced by ADP, whereas the Injection of Mokhyangsunkisan plus Rheum undulatum L. extract had a feeble death-repressive effect By all results of the clinical experiments. the following conclusions are drown; Each Injection of Mokhyangsunkisan extract and Palmisunkisan extract has analgesic and anti-convulsive effects and is also effective for the $O_3$ and Xylene-poisoned Lung damage and pulmonary thromboembolism of rats and mice. The Injection of Mokhyangsunkisan plus Rheum undulatum L. extract has on analgesic effect and is also effective for the pulmonary thromboembolism. Especially its analgesic effect is prominent. Therefore, each Injection of Mokhyangsunkisan extract and Palmisunkisan extract can be used for injection to improve the pulmonary functions whereas the Injection of Mokhyangsunkisan plus Rheum undulatum L. extract is partly effective for the improvement of the pulmonary function. In view of the results so far achieved, fluid acupuncture therapy can be applied as well as traditional way of oral administration of the decoction.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.208-210
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• 2001

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.143-147
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• 2008

To develop a new anti-wrinkle agent from medicinal plants, this study investigated the optimal conditions for extracting elastase inhibitor from Rheum undulatum L. Maximal extraction occurred by using 70% methanol at $50^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr; the elastase inhibitory activity was 60.4%($IC_{50}:6.7{\times}10^3{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Systematic solvent extraction, thin layer chromatography, silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography were used in the partial purification of the elastase inhibitor. The compound was soluble in dimethylsulfoxide, methanol, and ethanol, and had maximum absorption spectra at 231.5 nm and 275.5 nm.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.432-437
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• 2011

The natural dyeing of silk fabric with Rheum undulatum L. extract was investigated. The proper colorant concentration, dyeing temperature, dyeing time, and pH for the dyeing of silk fabric with Rheum undulatum L. extract were 90% v/v, $90^{\circ}C$, 80 minutes and pH 3, respectively. In various mordanted methods, the K/S values of mordanted methods were higher than those of unmordanted methods. Light colorfastness of mordanted silk fabric was improved by mordanting. The antibacterial properties of dyed and mordanted silk fabric showed a high reduction rate, and Cu mordant was showed the most effective bacterial reduction.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2004

We have examined the relaxative response to the water extract of Rheum undulatum L. (ERU) and water extract of alcohol steamed Rheum undulatum L. (SRU) with isolated thoracic aorta from sprague dawley (SD) rat. Rat thoracic aorta was investigated in vessel segments suspended for isometric tension recording by polygraph. Responses to ERU and SRU were investigated in vessels precontracted with 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT). We found that the thoracic aorta segments responded to ERU and SRU with a dose-dependent vasorelaxation : The thoracic aorta segments responded to ERU and SRU with a dose-dependent vasodilation. The amounts of emodin were 0.063%, 0.076% and 0.145% in ERU and SRU, respectable. The 5-HT induced contraction at 10-4M were inhibited by 85.2±4.76% and 84.0±2.91% after addition of the 0.1mg/mL water extract of ERU and SRU. The 5-HT induced contraction at 10/sup -3/M were inhibited by 100% after 10/sup -3/M emodin. In conclusion, vasodilation effect of the water extract of Rheum undulatum L. in rat thoracic aorta was not decreased according to the processing of alcohol steamed Rheum undulatum L.