• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.371-372
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• 2009

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1631-1636
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• 2008

Rhei Rhizoma (RR; 大黃) consists of the underground parts (rhizome and root) of Rheum officinale Baill. and Rheum palmatum L. (Polygonaceae), and is widely used in Southeast Asian folk medicine to alleviate liver and kidney damages. In this study, we investigated into the efficacy and mechanism of RR water extract in supporting neuronal survival in a hypoxia model of cultured rat hippocampal neurons. RR exhibited no cytotoxicity up to 10 ${\mu}g$/ml and exhibited neurosupportive effects at 2.5 ${\mu}g$/ml in normoxia. When RR was added to the culture media on 10 days in vitro (DIV10) and given a hypoxic shock (2% $O_2$/5% $CO_2$, 3 hr, $37^{\circ}C$) on DIV13, RR exhibited neuroprotective effects on 5 days post-shock. $H_2DCF$ stainings indicated that RR effectively prevents ROS production in both normoxia and hypoxia. JC-1 stainings showed that RR prevents dissipation of MMP in hypoxia. These results indicate that RR protects neurons by suppressing ROS production and MMP loss.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.144-153
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• 2017

It was demonstrated that Gangjihwan (DF), which is the herbal composition composed of Ephedra intermedia, Lithospermum erythrorhizon, and Rheum palmatum, inhibits obesity and hepatic steatosis in high fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of DF on visceral obesity, hepatic inflammation and fibrosis and the mechanism of actions involved in this process using in vivo and in vitro approaches. DF was extracted with water (DF-FW), 30% grain alcohol (DF-GA30), and 70% grain alcohol (DF-GA70). Administration of DF to HFD-fed control mice decreased visceral tissue mass and visceral adipocyte size without adverse effects. Visceral fat mass was decreased by DF-GA30 and DF-GA70, and visceral adipocyte size by all three DF extracts compared with obese control mice. Histological analysis revealed that three kinds of DF extracts reduced toluidine blue-stained mast cells and collagen accumulation in the liver, the extents of which were most eminent in DF-GA70-treated mice. DF-GA70 decreased the mRNA levels of the inflammation ($TNF{\alpha}$ and VCAM-1), fibrosis (${\alpha}-SMA$), and apoptosis (caspase 3) genes, but increasing the anti-apoptosis gene (Bcl-2) mRNA levels in the liver of obese control mice. Consistent with the in vivo data, GA-70 also altered the expression of inflammation genes ($TNF{\alpha}$ and MCP-1) in HepG2 cells. These results indicate that DF not only inhibits visceral obesity, but also ameliorates visceral obesity-induced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis and that this process may be mediated by regulating the hepatic expression of inflammatory and fibrogenic genes.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.274-278
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• 2001

The antimicrobial extracts of Rheum palmatum and Coptis chinensis root as well as grapefruit seed extract were applied to dipping treatment for keeping qualities of zucchinis, respectively, which were then packed in low density polyethylene films incorporated with 1% antimicrobial extracts and stored at 10$\^{C}$. Dipping and packaging in the antimicrobial agents suppressed the growth of putrefactive microorganisms and the decay ratio of zucchinis. In addition, the loss ratio of ascorbic acid content of zucchinis and their weight were decreased during the storage of zucchinis. Consequently, the combined method of dipping and packaging in antimicmbial agents tumid out to be superior to dipping treatment or film-packaging in the view point of decay ratio and the quality control of zucchinis.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2000

As am economical and effective way of antimicrobial film fabrication , antimicrobial agents were coated on the LDPE film with a binder mediu. the fabricated films were then applied tomodified atmosphere packaging of fresh strawberries. A binder of polyamide was selected for the coating medium, based on the stability in water. 1% grapefruit seed extract-coated film showed the antimicrobial activity on the plate media against EScherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis , Bacillus cereus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Micrococcus flavus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while one with 10% Coptis chinesis extract inhibited only M. 림편 and one coated with 10% rheum palmatum extract did not inhibit any of 10 strains tested. The packages of fresh strawberries by using antimicrobial agents-coated films created the gas compositions of O2 1.4-5.5% and CO2 5.7-7.9%, and contributed to reduced growth of total aerobic bacteria and yeast/molds on the produced. However, their lower microbial count was not correlated directly with the reduced decay of the fruits.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 1997

One hundred and seventy crude drugs were screened for prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) inhibitors. Among them, 80% methanolic extract of 18 medicinal plants such as Polygonum cuspi data, Sanguisorba officinalis, Eugenia caryophyllata, Rubus coreanus, Cinnamomum cassia (Cassiae Cortex and Cinammomi Ramulus), Rheum palmatum, Ulmus pumila, Sorbus commixta, Areca catechu, Uncaria sinensis, Terminalia chebula, Caesalpinia sappan, Nelumbo nucifera, Machilus thunbergii, Paeonia moutan, Elscholtzia patrini and Cynomorium coccineum inhibited more than 70% of PEP activity at a concentration of 40 ppm. The active principles of P. moutan, M. thunbergii, T chebula, A. catechu, S. commixta, R. palmatum, R. coreanus, E. caryophyllata and P. cuspidata were transferred into organic solvents, which showed more than 75% inhibition at 5 ppm.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.115-120
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• 2009

Objectives : Due to the morphological similarity and frequent occurrence of intermediate forms as well as morphological variations of aerial part, the correct identification between Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Rhei Undulatai Rhizoma is very difficult. To develop a reliable method for correct identification and improving the quality standards of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Rhei Undulatai Rhizoma, we analyzed RAPD and developed SCAR marker. Methods : To amplify target DNA at the genomic level, 32 Operon 10-mer random primers were applied with four Rheum species, R. officinale, R. palmatum, R. tanguticum and R. undulatum. The nucleotide sequences were determined and species-specific primers were prepared depending on the species-specific RAPD amplicons after subcloned into the pGEM-Teasy vector. To develop the SCAR markers, species-specific PCR amplification and multiplex-PCR were carried out using the single species-specific primer pairs and combinations of them, respectively. Results : We used RAPD analysis of four Rheum plant species to obtain several species-specific RAPD amplicons. From nucleotide sequences of these RAPD amplicons, we developed two SCAR markers that amplified 314 bp and 390 bp DNA fragments in only R. undulatum but not in R. officinale, R. palmatum, R. tanguticum and R. undulatum, for distinguishing Rhei Undulatai Rhizoma and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. Furthermore, we established SCAR markers for the simultaneous discrimination of the three species within a single reaction by using multiplex-PCR. Conclusions : These genetic markers can be used for the efficient discrimination of plants species and commercial herbal medicines between Rhei Undulatai Rhizoma and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, to ultimately prevent indiscriminate distribution and prescription of these herbal medicines.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.09a
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• pp.128-129
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• 2011

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 1998

Korean medicinal herb extracts(KMHE) were applied to the preservation of greenhouse produce in order to prove their effectiveness. KMHE showed remarkable antimicrobial effects against Bacillus cereus, Peudomonas syringae, and Corynebacterium xerosis causing the postharvest decay of greenhouse produce. Among KMHE the extracts of Rheum palmatum L. and Coptis chinensis Franch most obviously inhibited the growth of microorganims causing the Postharvest decay of greenhouse produce, which destroyed to undetectable levels when treated with more than 500ppm of KMHE. The activities of KMHE were stable in the wide spectrum of pH and temperature. Direct visualization of microbial cells by using both transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope showed microbial cell membrane the function of which was destroyed by treating with the dilute solutions of KMHE. This change of cellular membrane permeability could be identified in the experiment that O-nitrophenyl-$\beta$-D-galactopyranoside(ONPG), the artificial substrate of $\beta$-galactosidase, was hydrolyzed in the presence of KMHE, indicating that the membrane was perturbed by KMHE.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.55-67
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• 2003

To evaluate anti-aggregatory activity of traditional prescriptions and medicines for treatment of Ohyul symptom, 70% methanol extracts were examined using collagen stimulated in vitro platelet aggregation by impedance method in rat whole blood. The crude extracts from DoHaekSeungKiTang, BoYangHwanOhTang, Caesalpinia sappan, Rhus verniciflua, Rheum palmatum, Polygonum cuspidatum, Salvia miltiorrhiza were found to inhibit platelet aggregation. The effective crude extracts of traditional medicine were fractionated to dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous layer. Polygonum cuspidatum, Caesalpinia sappan aud Rhus verniciflua ethyl acetate fractions concentration-dependently $(250-50{\mu}m/ml)$ inhibited the aggregation of platelet in whole blood induced by collagen. These results suggested that ethyl acetate fractions of Polygonum cuspidatum, Caesalpinia sappan and Rhus verniciflua have potent anti-aggregatory activity.