• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 1989

The mechanical and rheological properties of agricultural materials which influence the machine design or handling are not completely understood. Agricultural materials do not react in a purely elastic manner, and their responses when subjected to stress and strain appear a combination of elastic and viscous behavior. Many researchers have studied the mechanical and rheological properties of the various agricultural materials, but those properties are available mostly for foreign varieties of agricultural products. Rheological properties of rice seedlings become important to formulate the principles governing their mechanical behavior. The objectives of this study were to experimentally determine the creep and recovery behavior of rice seedlings of one japonica-type and one Indica x japonica hybrid in the transplanting age. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The compression creep and recovery behavior of mat-type seedlings could be described by 4-element Burger's model. 2. The steady-state creep appeared at the stress larger than 0.8 MPa and the logarithmic creep appeared at the stress smaller than 0.8 MPa. 3. In the compression creep test of the rice seedlings, the instantaneous elastic modulus of Burger's model showed the range from 20 to 40 MPa. The higher value of absolute viscosity for the rice seedling explained that the rice seedlings were viscoelastic materials. 4. In the recovery test of the rice seedlings, there was a tendency that the higher permanent strain of all samples was observed under the smaller stress being appeared, and the larger permanent strain in Dongjin was observed than in Samkang.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2002

A microscopic theoretical study is performed to predict the rheological properties of human blood in the low concentration limit. The shear thinning behavior of blood in the low shear limit is studied by considering the aggregate formation of red blood cells, which is called the rouleaux formation. Then the constitutive equations of blood in the high shear limit are derived for various flow situations by considering the unique features of deformation of blood cells. Specifically, the effects of the surface-area-preserving constraint and the lank-treading motion of blood cells on the rheological properties are studied.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.101-105
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• 2000

The crystallization behavior of homo polypropylene (PP) and PP in the PP-poly($\varepsilon$-caprolactone) (PCL) blends during isothermal crystallization has been investigated using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and advanced rheometric expansion system (ARES). From the storage modulus data of the homo PP and PP-PCL blends during isothermal crystallization, the volume fraction of crystallized material ($X_t$) of the homo PP and PP in the PP-PCL blends was calculated using the various rheological models. The results of $X_t$ of the homo PP and PP in the PP-PCL blends from ARES measurement were compared with the results from DSC. The $X_t$ of the homo PP was found to be higher in the ARES measurement than in the DSC. The crystallization rate of the homo PP was found to be faster in the rheological measurements than in the thermal analysis. The $X_t$ of PP in the PP-PCL blends with various compositions was obtained from the thermal analysis and rheological measurements. The $X_t$ of PP in the PP-PCL blends obtained from the thermal analysis and rheological measurements are not consistent. This discrepancy of $X_t$ may be due to the morphological changes resulted from the different crystallization kinetics of PP in the PP-PCL blends.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

In aqueous alumina tape casting, the effects of altering the composition of the suspensions, the binders and the casting thickness were studied. The rheological behavior of the suspensions and the defects of the dried tapes were examined and the relationships between them are discussed. The changes in the defect regions reported in the previous paper were related with the rheological properties with variations of the binder, the composition and the casting thickness. The shear thinning factor increased with the organic content and the solid content (the decrease of water content). The apparent viscosity increased with the shear thinning factor. The relation between the shear thinning factor and the log apparent viscosity was similar for all binder types. In the relation between the defect free region and the rheological properties, the defect free region became narrower with increasing casting thickness. The defect free region is independent of binder type. Therefore, the thicker tape is more difficult to produce in aqueous alumina tape casting. Knowledge of the rheological properties of the suspensions could help Predict the defect type and the possibility of defect free dried tapes.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.408-412
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• 2010

Rheological properties of cereals such as rye are great important for the design of die for extrusion and the development of models for extrusion process. Therefore, this study was carried out to analyze the rheological properties according to moisture content of rye flour and extrusion temperature. Rheological properties of rye flour were investigated by using a capillary rheometer for moisture content of three levels (30, 35, 40%) and extrusion temperature of three levels (120, 130, $140^{\circ}C$). Determination coefficients for the relationship between apparent shear stress ($\tau_{ap}$) and apparent shear velocity ($\gamma_{ap}$) were relatively high in the range of 0.973 ~ 0.997 under each extrusion condition. The values of consistency index (K) was decreased with increasing moisture content and extrusion temperature. However, the value of flow behavior index (n) presented the highest value at moisture content of 35%, but it was not affected by extrusion temperature.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.53-68
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• 1981

지속하중하(持續荷重下)의 점토지반(粘土地盤) 또는 사면(斜面)을 형성(形成)하고 있는 점토(粘土)는 시간의존변형(時間依存變形)을 일으키고 어떤 경우 파괴(破壞)에 이르기도 하는데 그 원인(原因)은 점토(粘土)의 Creep 거동(擧動) 때문이라는 보고(報告)가 대부분(大部分)이다. Creep 거동(擧動)은 많은 요소(要素)에 관련될 뿐 아니라 특(特)히 함수비(含水比) 및 응력수준(應力水準)에 큰 영향(影響)을 받기 때문에 매우 복잡(複雜)하며 따라서 그 거동(擧動)을 해석(解析) 하기도 어려운 일인데 Creep이 궁극적(窮極的)으로는 점토(粘土) 입자간(粒子間)의 미시적(微視的)인 거동(擧動)에서 비롯되기 때문이다. 응력(應力)-변형(變形)-시간(時間) 관계(關係)로서의 Creep 거동(擧動)을 수학적(數學的)으로 표현(表現)하기 위하여 여러 형태(形態)의 유변학적(流變學的) 모델이 제안(提案) 되었다. 유변학적(流變學的) 모델은 선형(線形) 스프링, 비선형(非線形) Dashpot 및 Slider를 조합(組合)한 것인데 점토(粘土)의 변형(變形)에 관한 탄성적(彈性的), 소성적(塑性的) 및 점성적(粘性的) 성분(成分)을 구분(區分) 하는데 매우 유용(有用)하다. 그러나 대부분(大部分)의 경우, 유변학적(流變學的)모델은 포화(飽和)된 점토(粘土)에 대(對)하여 주(主)로 2차압밀(次壓密) 거동(擧動)을 밝히기 위하여 제안(提案)된 것으로 비포화점토(非飽和粘土)에 대(對)한 보고(報告)는 매우 드문 것 같다. 한편, Creep 거동(擧動)은 시간의존변형(時間依存變形)이므로 흐트러진 점토(粘土)를 다져서 시험(試驗)하는 경우, 시간경과(時間經過)에 따라 Thixotropy 문제(問題)가 제기(提起)될 것이고 배수조건(排水條件)과 관련하여서는 공시체(供試體)의 높이가 문제(問題)될 수 있다. 그뿐 아니라 많은 연구결과(硏究結果)에 의(依)하면 응력증가초기(應力增加初期)에는 시간지체(時間遲滯)가 없는 초기탄성변형(初期彈性變形)이 발생(發生)된다고 하므로 유변학적(流變學的) 모델에는 이를 나타내는 요소(要素)가 반드시 필요(必要)하게 될 것이다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 이러한 면(面)에 초점(焦點)을 두고 함수비(含水比)와 응력수준(應力水準)을 여러 가지로 변화(變化)시켰을 때의 Creep 거동(擧動)을 유변학적(流變學的) 모델로 해석(解析)함에 있어 소성(塑性)이 비교적(比較的) 큰 3종(種)의 점토(粘土)를 사용(使用)하여 초기탄성변형(初期彈性變形) 거동(擧動)을 밝히고 Thixotropy 효과(効果) 및 공시체(供試體)의 높이가 Creep 거동(擧動)에 끼치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)하며 아울러 유변학적(流變學的) 모델의 어떤 요소(要素)에 관련 되는가를 알아내기 위하여 다져서 성형(成形)한 공시체(供試體)로서 일축배수형식(一軸排水形式)의 Creep 거동(擧動)을 시행(施行)하였다. 실험결과(實驗結果) 및 검토(檢討)에 의(依)하면 응력재하(應力載荷) 및 증가초기(增加初期)에는 시간지체(時間遲滯)가 없는 탄성적(彈性的) 초기변형(初期變形)이 발생(發生)하고 따라서 유변학적(流變學的) 모델에는 이를 나타내기 위한 상부(上部)스프링을 설치(設置)해야 하며 Thixotropy 효과(効果)를 고려(考慮)한 경우, Creep변형(變形)은 완만(緩慢)하게 되나 함수비(含水比) 및 응력수준(應力水準)에 따른 상태거동(狀態擧動)은 같으므로 그 차이(差異)는 모델 상수(常數)의 크기에만 관련됨을 알아내었고 따라서 동일(同一)한 유변학적(流變學的) 모델로 그 거동(擧動)을 나타낼 수 있다는 사실(事實)을 밝혀 냈다. 또 공시체(供試體) 높이를 작게 한 경우에는 함수비(含水比)가 비교적(比較的) 작아서 점(粘)-소(塑)-탄성(彈性) 및 점(粘)-탄성(彈性)일 때만 높이가 클 때와 같은 상태거동(狀態擧動)을 나타내어 동일(同一)한 유변학적(流變學的) 모델로 나타낼 수 있고 함수비(含水比)가 큰 점일소성(粘一塑性) 및 점성류(粘性流)일 때는 그 상태거동(狀態擧動)이 배수문제(排水問題)와 관련하여 달라지게 되고 따라서 유변학적(流變學的) 모델도 달라지게 된다는 사실(事實)을 발견(發見) 하였다.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2005년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.137-140
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• 2005

Exfoliated nanocomposites of polypropylene/layered silicate were prepared by a melt compounding process using maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) and organoclay. It was found that polypropylene/layered silicate nanocomposites exhibited remarkable reinforcement compared with the pure polypropylene or conventional composite filled with agglomerated organoclay. The polypropylene /layered silicate nanocomposites showed stronger and earlier shear thinning behaviors and outstanding strain hardening behavior than pure polypropylene or other conventional composites in shear and uniaxial elongational flows, respectively. We simulated rheological modeling for the pure polymer matrix and polypropylene/layered silicate nanocomposite in shear and elongational flows using K-BKZ integral constitutive equation. The two types of K-BKZequations have been examined to describe experimental results of shear and uniaxial elongational viscosities of pure polypropylene and polypropylene/layered silicate nanocomposite.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.201-212
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• 2004

Properties of polymer based nanocomposites depend on dispersion state of embedded fillers. In order to examine the effect of dispersion state on rheological properties, a new bi-mode FENE dumbbell model was proposed. The FENE dumbbell model includes two separate ensemble sets of dumbbells with different fric­tion coefficients, which simulate behavior of well dispersed and aggregated carbon nanotubes (CNTs). A new parameter indicating dispersion state of the CNT was proposed to account for degree of dispersion quantitatively as well as qualitatively. Rheological material functions in elongational, steady shear, and oscillatory shear flows were obtained numerically. The CNT/epoxy nanocomposites with different dis­persion state were prepared depending on whether a solvent is used for the dispersion of CNTs or not. Dis­persion state of the CNT in the epoxy nanocomposites was morphologically characterized by the field emission scanning electronic microscope and the transmission electron microscope images. It was found that the numerical prediction was in a good agreement with experimental results especially for steady state shear flow.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.289-296
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• 2005

Biodegradable nanocomposites were prepared by mixing a polymer resin and layered silicates by the melt intercalation method. Internal structure of the nanocomposite was characterized by using the small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Nanocomposites having exfoliated and intercalated structures were obtained by employing two different organically modified nanoclays. Rheological properties in shear and extensional flows and biodegradability of nanocomposites were measured. In shear flow, shear thinning behavior and increased storage modulus were observed as the clay loading increased. In extensional flow, strain hardening behavior was observed in well dispersed system. Nanocomposites with the exfoliated structure had better biodegradability than nanocomposites with the intercalated structure or pure polymer.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2010

The rheological behavior of a cordierite honeycomb extrusion paste was investigated by measuring torque values in a Brabender plastograph. The extrusion pastes were formulated using binder (methy cellulose, MC), solvent (water), plasticizer (ploy ethylene glycol, PEG) and lubricants (oleic acid, OA). The mixing sequence and optimum organic binder, at least for homogeneous mixed state, can be determined from the rheological point of view. 3%MC-30%$H_2O$-1.5%PEG-1.0%OA with respect to the cordierite powder was chosen as a binder composition for the extrusion process of cordierite powder.