• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.270-282
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• 2017

To evaluate the deposition amount on a ground surface, mesoscale numerical models coupled with atmospheric chemistry are widely used for larger horizontal domains ranging from a few to several hundreds of kilometers; however, these models are rarely applied to high-resolution simulations. In this study, the performance of a dry and wet deposition model is investigated to estimate the amount of deposition via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models with high grid resolution. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations are implemented for a cone and a two-dimensional ridge to estimate the dry deposition rate, and a constant deposition velocity is used to obtain the dry deposition flux. The results show that the dry deposition rate of RANS generally corresponds to that observed in wind-tunnel experiments. For the wet deposition model, the transport equation of a new scalar concentration scavenged by rain droplets is developed and used instead of the scalar concentration scavenged by raindrops falling to the ground surface just below the scavenging point, which is normally used in mesoscale numerical models. A sensitivity analysis of the proposed wet deposition procedure is implemented. The result indicates the applicability of RANS for high-resolution grids considering the effect of terrains on the wet deposition.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.315-319
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• 2009

Investigation of the lateral force fluctuations in an axisymmetric overexpanded compressed truncated perfect (CTP) nozzle for the shutdown transient is presented. These nozzles experience side-loads during start-up and shut-down operations, because of the flow separation at nozzle walls. Two types of flow separations such as free shock separation (FSS) and restricted shock separation (RSS) shock structure occur. A two-dimensional unsteady numerical simulation has been carried out over an axisymmetric CTP nozzle to simulate the lateral force fluctuations in nozzle during shutdown process. Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations are numerically solved using a fully implicit finite volume scheme. Governing equations are solved by coupled implicit scheme. Two equation k-$\omega$ SST turbulence model is selected. Unsteady pressure is measured at four locations along the nozzle wall. Present pressure variation compared well with the experimental data. During shutdown transient, separation pattern varies from FSS to RSS and finally returns to FSS. Several pressure peaks are observed during the RSS separation pattern. These pressure peaks generate lateral force or side loads in rocket nozzle.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2015

For the design guide of a vessel operating in cold region, numerical analysis was carried out to evaluate the ice class louver which installed the heating cables by using ANSYS 13.0 CFX. The numerical analysis was performed by considering Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equation. This study based on the experimental results of ‘The Cryogenic Performance Evaluation for the Excellent De-icing Ice Class Louver’ in KRISO. For validation of the numerical analysis results, the cold chamber experimental data measured by the heat sensors in certain location of the ice class louver was used. The external environmental temperature which varies from 0℃ to –30℃ was considered in numerical analysis. Also the design guide for optimum de-icing presented through heating cable power capacity(33 W/m, 45 W/m, 66 W/m), location of the heating cable(front, center, behind on the blade) and relative velocity(1 m/s, 4 m/s, 7 m/s).

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2012

In this study, aerodynamic analyses have been conducted for 4-Bladed Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) configuration and the results are compared with experimental data. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation with LES turbulence model is solved for unsteady flow problems. In addition, the computation results by standard k-${\omega}$ and SST k-${\omega}$ turbulence models are also presented and compared. An experiment model of 4-Bladed VAWT model has been designed and constructed herein. Experimental tests for aerodynamic performance of the present VAWT model are practically conducted using the vehicle mounted testing system. Comparison results between the experiment and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses are presented in order to show the accuracy of CFD analyses using the different turbulent models.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1128-1138
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• 2000

Pumping action in ejector systems is generally achieved through the mixing of a high-velocity and high-energy stream with a lower-velocity and lower-energy stream within a duct. The design and performance evaluation of the ejector systems has developed as a combination of scale-model experiments, empiricism and theoretical analyses applicable only to very simplified configurations, because of the generic complexity of the flow phenomena. In order to predict the detailed performance characteristics of such systems, the flow phenomena throughout the operating regimes of the ejector system should be fully understood. This paper presents the computational results for the two-dimensional supersonic ejector system with a second throat. The numerical simulations are based on a fully implicit finite volume scheme of the compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equation in a domain that extends from the stagnation chamber to the diffuser exit. For a wide range of the operating pressure ratio the flow field inside the ejector system is investigated in detail. The results show that the supersonic ejector systems have an optimal throat area for the operating pressure ratio to be minimized.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 1998년도 춘계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.145-155
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• 1998

A computer code has been developed for the computation of the viscous flow around a ship model with the free surface. In this code, the incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved numerically by a finite difference method which employes second-order finite differences for the spatial discretization and a four-stage Runge-Kutta scheme for the temporal integration of the governing equations. For the turbulence closure, a modified version of the Baldwin-Lomax model is exploited. The location of the free surface is determined by solving the equation of the kinematic free-surface condition using the Lax-Wendroff scheme and the boundary-fitted grid is generated at each time step so that one of the grid surfaces always coincides with the free surface. An inviscid approximation of the dynamic free-surface boundary condition is applied as the boundary conditions for the velocity and pressure on the free surface. To validate the computational method and the computer code developed in the present study, the numerical computations are carried out for both Wigley parabolic hull and Series 60 $C_B=0.6$ ship model and the computational results are compared with the experimental data.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2011

NREL Phase VI 수평축 풍력터빈 주위의 3차원 유동에 대하여 미끄럼 격자 기법을 사용한 비정상 RANS 해석을 수행하였다. 블레이드/타워의 간섭영향을 해석하기 위하여 로터단일과 로터/타워/나셀의 2가지 해석 모델을 구축하였다. 로터/타워/나셀의 해석 결과를 NREL의 실험데이터와 비교하여 CFD 해석모델의 유용성을 확인하였다. 두 모델에 의한 해석 결과의 비교를 통하여 비록 상풍형 풍력터빈으로서 작기는 하지만 타워/나셀의 영향이 확실히 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 다른 가시화 결과와 토크를 포함한 적분 공력하중 등도 구축한 CFD 모델의 비정상 유동해석 능력이 효과적임을 보여주고 있다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.162-170
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• 2014

A CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis is presented to predict hydrodynamic characteristics of a marine propeller. A commercial RANS(Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equation) solver, namely FLUENT, is utilized in conjunction with fully unstructured meshes around rotating propeller. Mesh generation process is greatly accelerated by using fully unstructured meshes composed of both isotropic and anisotropic tetrahedral elements. The anisotropic tetrahedral elements were used in the flow domain near the blade and shaft, where the viscous effect is important, having complex shape yet resolving the thin boundary layers. For other regions, isotropic tetrahedral elements are utilized. Two different approaches simulating rotational effect of the propeller are employed, namely Moving reference frame technique for steady simulation, and Sliding mesh technique for unsteady simulation. Both approaches are applied to the propeller open water (POW) test simulation. The current results, which are thrust and torque coefficients, are compared with available experimental data.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.723-735
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• 2019

This paper employs computational tools to investigate the cause of resistance reductions in calm water and waves of the sharp bow form compared to the blunt bow in 66,000 DWT bulk carriers. A more slender shape at the fore-shoulder without a bulbous bow is a prominent feature of the sharp bow. The blunt bow incorporates a bulbous shape. A two-phase unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations have been solved; and a realizable k-ε model has been applied for the turbulent closure. The free-surface is obtained by solving a VOF equation. The computational results have been validated with model tests carried out at a towing tank. The pressure component of resistance in the sharp bow is reduced by 8.9% in calm water, and 6.4-12.7% in regular head waves. The frictional components of resistance in the sharp and blunt bows are largely the same.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.595-616
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• 2016

Providing high starting torque and efficiency simultaneously is a significant challenge for vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs). In this paper, a new approach is studied in order to modify VAWTs performance and cogging torque. In this approach, J-shaped profiles are exploited in the structure of blades by means of eliminating the pressure side of airfoil from the maximum thickness toward the trailing edge. This new profile is a new type of VAWT airfoil using the lift and drag forces, thereby yielding a better performance at low TSRs. To simulate the fluid flow of the VAWT along with J-shaped profiles originated from NACA0018 and NACA0030, a two-dimensional computational analysis is conducted. The Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are closed using the two-equation Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model. The main objective of the study is to investigate the effects of J-shaped straight blade thickness on the performance characteristics of VAWT. The results obtained indicate that opting for the higher thickness in J-shaped profiles for the blade sections leads the performance and cogging torque of VAWT to enhance dramatically.