• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2022

Business intelligence (BI) is a process for turning data into insights that inform an organization's strategic and tactical decisions. BI aims to give decision-makers the information they need to make better decisions Patient safety analysis, illness surveillance, and fraud identification are just a few healthcare decision-making processes that can be supported by data mining. Thus, the purpose of the current research is to outline the need if BI as an essential factor in the healthcare sector by reviewing various scholarly materials and the findings. The present author conducted one of the most famous qualitative literature approach which has been called as PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) statement. The selecting criteria for eligible prior studies were estimated by whether studies are suitable for the current research, identifying they are peer-reviewed and issued by notable publishers between 2017 and 2022. According to the result based on the PRISMA analysis, BI plays a vital role in the healthcare sector and there are four business intelligence factors (Data, Analytic, Reporting, and Visualization) that will ensure that the healthcare sector provides the right healthcare services to the customers to be addressed in this section include; data, analytics, reporting, and visualization.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2019

Purpose - Corporate activities for enhancing and improving corporate performance can largely be divided into exploration and exploitation. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of implementing organizational ambidexterity in SMEs, including distribution firms, by reviewing the extant literature and deriving the basis on which this strategy affects the managerial performance. Research, design, and methodology - The study uses a systematic review methodology, which employs a structured process to discern trends and meaningful themes across a wide body of literature on specific subjects and research questions. This qualitative study examined the influence of ambidextrous strategies of SMEs on firm performance, and the results were synthesized from the literature. Results - Organizational ambidexterity in SMEs is related to the firm's managerial performance. However, it is crucial to know that there are many ways to generate an ambidextrous organization, and decisions about what method to choose should be based on the environmental aspects of the enterprise. Conclusions - The following aspects should be considered for execution; : making practical decisions based on accurate information about the resources the firm has, considering the organizational level of human resources for implementing organizational ambidexterity, and sharing specific performance goals.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.11-25
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• 2024

Purpose: This study investigates the factors influencing medical school faculty's entrepreneurial decisions and prioritizes these factors. Methodology: The study examines the determinants of entrepreneurial decisions among medical school faculty by reviewing prior studies. These determinants were categorized into four perspectives: resource-based, industrial organization, entrepreneur characteristics, and other. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP), the study analyzed the relative priorities of 27 specific indicators. Surveys were conducted with medical school faculty with startup experience, professors with relevant expertise, and organizational leaders involved in entrepreneurship. A total of 33 responses were validated for consistency, and an empirical analysis identified the priority of factors influencing medical school faculty startups. Findings: The findings reveal that 'entrepreneur characteristics' and 'institutional and organizational support' are the highest priority factors for medical school faculty. Key resource-based factors include the 'leave of absence' or 'concurrent employment policy,' availability of 'professional human resources,' and 'organizational support' specializing in startups. An integrated analysis shows that while intellectual resources such as research publications, patents, and physical space are necessary, the highest priority is given to leave policies, professional human resources, and organizational support. Practical Implication: Medical school faculty are recognized as key innovation agents in the bio-health industry. The results provide crucial insights for policymakers and stakeholders at governmental, institutional, and organizational levels. Strengthening self-competence, increasing entrepreneurship opportunities, and establishing professional human resources and organizational support within medical universities or hospitals are critical for facilitating medical school faculty startups.

• 의료법학
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.177-225
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• 2011

Verdicts related to major medical litigation given by the Seoul Central District Court, the Seoul High Court and the Supreme Court in 2010 were analyzed. It's shown that in cases of the medical negligence regarding the occurrence of neonatal cerebral palsy, the plaintiff claims were dismissed using criteria proposed by associations of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics in US, and thereof the burden of plaintiffs to prove the medical negligence has increased. In addition, in case of that the expected survival period of infants gets longer, payments for treatment and nursing after survival period determined by judges are made and it was judged to compensate it as a periodical indemnity. In case for the explanation obligation the most frequently mentioned in the medical litigation, in addition to cases of invoking the existing theory of explanation obligation, verdicts to mention the instructions of theory regarding instruction explanation obligation and the possibility of compensation for damages on property are given. Particularly, in cases for a liability of reparation by exaggerating the effects and not disclosing the risks related to treatment with stem cells, even if the treatment not approved by Food and Drug Administration is in violation of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law, it's not illegal as violation in Pharmaceutical Affairs Law itself. But there is a certain verdict to present the possibility of an extension of the theory of explanation obligation by acknowledging the liability of reparation caused by illegal acts with no explanations of effects and risks of treatment with stem cell by doctors and pharmaceutical companies. In an incident in which a mental patient fell and died through the opened door of the roof at the hospital, a liability of reparation was acknowledged due to defects in structure installation management and this verdict drew an attention since the overall management responsibility about patients including structures was acknowledged to the hospital besides the obligations on medical practice. In case of the verdict without giving the opportunity to state the opinion with respect to the main legal issues, the responsibility of the court was emphasized since the court did not fulfill the explanation obligations. There were some cases in which payments for nursing and caring to a patient in vegetative state during the plastic surgery was admitted. However, in dental-related incidents, the proportion of cases in which plaintiff won was low since the difficulty of proving may be reflected. In the area of administrative litigation, unlike the existing position regarding arbitrary medical charge cover collected from patients in hospital, the verdict to admit the legitimacy of collection of medical treatment was given and attracted the attention of people. Verdict in which the expression related to medical advertisement was not exaggerated disposed the original verdict and pointed out the problem of excessive regulations on medical advertisement. The effort to analyze the trend of verdicts of court through reviewing the decisions and to organize should be continued, but the full decision should be disclosed as a base, and people and systems to enable the all time monitoring should be prepared.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.223-225
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• 2024

의사인력 증가 정책에 반발하여 의과대학생이 수업을 거부하고 전공의들이 병원을 그만 둔 지 7개월이 되고 있다. 의학교육이 중단되고 대학병원 진료가 축소되면서 의료공백이 지속되는 가운데 의료체계에 위기가 발생하는 것을 걱정하는 우려도 높아지고 있다. 의사인력을 늘리겠다는 정책에 의사들의 반발이 큰 이유로서 정부의 결정과정에서 개선되어야 할 몇 가지 이슈들을 살펴보고자 한다. 첫째, 정책을 결정하는 근거자료는 다양한 특성들과 범위를 가지고 있기 때문에 이들 근거들을 이해 주체(stakeholders)들과 충분히 협의하는 과정이 매우 중요하다. 둘째, 근거자료를 검토하고 의사결정하는 논의구조가 다양한 이견들을 충분히 협의할 수 있는 구성원들로 구성되어야 하고 공정한 절차를 거쳐서 협의되는 방식으로 운영되어야 한다. 이런 과정들이 갖춰지지 않는다면 근거를 둘러싼 갈등이 더욱 심화될 수 있고 정부신뢰도를 떨어뜨리는 결과를 초래할 수 있다. 이해 주체들이 정부를 신뢰하지 않게 될 경우에 정책을 추진할 때 소요되는 사회비용이 커지고 정책 효율성이 떨어질 수 있다. 앞으로 정책 추진과정에서 발생할 수 있는 갈등을 줄이고 정부 신뢰를 높이는 방향으로 의사결정체계를 재구성해야 할 시점이다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2000

Regulators often specify default values that are considered acceptable for use in risk analyses as input to regulatory decisions. Because both performing and validating a detailed risk analysis of a complex system are costly and time-consuming undertakings, the use of default values can greatly facilitate the process of performing a risk analysis in the first place as well as the process of reviewing and verifying the risk analysis. It may also ensure more uniform in quality of risk analyses. However, different regulatory agencies differ in their approaches to the use of default values, and the implications of these differences are not yet widely understood. Moreover, large heterogeneity among licensees makes it difficult to set suitable defaults. This paper focuses on the effect of default values on estimates of risk. Some insights on the effects of different levels of conservatism in setting defaults will be provided. The results can help decision makers evaluate the levels of safety likely to result from their regulatory policies.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.261-266
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• 2021

The spread of cloud computing, digital computing, and the popular social media platforms have led to increased growth of data. That growth of data results in what is known as big data (BD), which seen as one of the most strategic resources. The analysis of these BD has allowed generating value from massive raw data that helps in making effective decisions and providing quality of service. With Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia seeks to invest in BD technologies, but many challenges and barriers have led to delays in adopting BD. This research paper aims to search in the state of Big Data Analytics (BDA) in Saudi higher education sector, identify the barriers by reviewing the literature, and then to apply the design-reality gap model to assess these barriers that prevent effective use of big data and highlights priority areas for action to accelerate the application of BD to comply with Vision 2030.

• 산업공학
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.309-318
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• 2012

Forecasting probability or likelihood of technology development success has been a crucial factor for critical decisions in technology management such as R&D project selection and go or no-go decision of new product development (NPD) projects. This paper proposes an analytic network process (ANP) approach to forecasting of technology development success. Reviewing literature on factors affecting technology development success has constructed the ANP model composed of four criteria clusters : R&D characteristics, R&D competency, technological characteristics, and technological environment. An alternative cluster comprised of two elements, success and failure is also included in the model. The working of the proposed approach is provided with the help of a case study example of MRAM (magnetic random access memory) technology.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.204-213
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• 2021

Purpose: At the end of life, communication is a key factor for good care. However, in clinical practice, it is difficult to adequately discuss end-of-life care. In order to understand and analyze how decision-making related to life-sustaining treatment (LST) is performed, the shared decision-making (SDM) behaviors of physicians were investigated. Methods: A questionnaire was designed after reviewing the literature on attitudes toward SDM or decision-making related to LST. A final item was added after consulting experts. The survey was completed by internal medicine residents and hematologists/medical oncologists who treat terminal cancer patients. Results: In total, 202 respondents completed the questionnaire, and 88.6% said that the decision to continue or end LST is usually a result of SDM since they believed that sufficient explanation is provided to patients and caregivers, patients and caregivers make their own decisions according to their values, and there is sufficient time for patients and caregivers to make a decision. Expected satisfaction with the decision-making process was the highest for caregivers (57.4%), followed by physicians (49.5%) and patients (41.1%). In total, 38.1% of respondents said that SDM was adequately practiced when making decisions related to LST. The most common reason for inadequate SDM was time pressure (89.6%). Conclusion: Although most physicians answered that they practiced SDM when making decisions regarding LST, satisfactory SDM is rarely practiced in the clinical field. A model for the proper implementation of SDM is needed, and additional studies must be conducted to develop an SDM model in collaboration with other academic organizations.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제22권
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• pp.137-171
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• 2004

Under Article 2 of the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (1993 Revision. UCP), letter of credit means an arrangement whereby an issuing bank is to make a payment to a beneficiary, or is to accept and pay bills of exchange drawn by the beneficiary, or authorises another bank to effect such payment, or to accept and pay such bills of exchange, or to negotiate, against stipulated document(s), provided that the terms and conditions of the letter of credit are complied with. In letter of credit operations, all parties concerned deal with documents, and not with goods, services and/or other performances to which the documents may relate (UCP, Article 4). It is important to note that under UCP, if a letter of credit contains conditions without stating the document(s) to be presented in compliance therewith, banks will deem such conditions as not stated and will disregard them (Article 13 c). Section 5-108(g) of the Uniform Commercial Code also contains a similar provision. However on several occasions the Korean Supreme Court held that non-documentary conditions in letter of credit governed by UCP could be regarded as valid, although they were not desirable in the context of letter of credit transactions. The rationale underlying the decisions was that parties to the letter of credit transactions are free to determine the terms and conditions of the relevant letter of credit. After reviewing the relevant provisions of UCP, UCC, the International Standby Practices (ISP98) and the Supreme Court decisions of Korea, the author suggests that we classify conditions that do not require any documents (so called apparent non-documentary conditions) into two categories and treat them differently. There are apparent non-documentary conditions that are consistent with the nature of letter of credit and those which are inconsistent with the nature of letter of credit. In the first category there are two sub-categories, (i) those which are valid and (ii) those which are invalid and thus should be disregarded. In the second category there are two sub-categories, (i) those which are invalid and thus should be disregarded and (ii) those which are valid but deprive the instrument of the nature as letter of credit.