• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.529-534
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• 2013

Objective: This study determines which of two types of 2D menu is better on iPhone. Background: Menu systems have been important components in modern graphical user interfaces. Review of menu design studies for human-computer interaction suggests that menu design guidelines for smartphones need to be reappraised. Method: A nested factorial design was used. Twenty-four participants were divided into two groups. The subjects were nested within the menu type. Two types of menus are an overview menu and a text menu. Two different breadth levels are 16 and 64. The participants performed five tasks in each breadth level. A task is defined as locating a product or product class on the deepest level of the hierarchy. An Apple iPhone 2G was used. Results: The results for ANOVA indicated a lack of a significant difference for time to respond between the two types of 2D menus. The overview menu showed the better satisfaction score between the two menu types. Conclusion: Even though the differences were not significant, an overview menu tended to show better performance and preference scores than a text menu that required scrolling. Application: This study can provide menu design guidelines when 2D menus are considered for small displays in a high breadth level.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.597-605
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• 2004

The purpose of the study was to investigate relationships among food safety training, knowledge, and practices of school food service employees. A questionnaire that identified employees' food safety training experience, knowledge, and practices was developed based on a review of literature. A total of 341 Korean school food service employees participated in the survey; the final usable responses were 293 (a response rate: 86%). Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS for Windows (version 10). Most of the respondents (> 86%) took training sessions on 'proper hand washing' and 'proper food storage temperatures', whereas less than 60% had training on 'monitoring procedures and corrective actions at critical control points'. The mean score of their food safety knowledge was 8.02 out of 11. The majority of the employees knew correctly 'potentially hazardous foods (93.2%)' and 'diseases and symptoms with which they are excluded from working (87.0%)'; less than 50% chose a correct answer for 'sanitizing food contact surfaces.' A chi-square analysis revealed that the employees' actual knowledge did not differ significantly by whether they had food safety training (at the level of a =0.01), except one topic 'diseases and symptoms with which they are excluded from working.' Their self-reported practice scores were rated as 2.98 - 3.39 based on a 5-point Likert-type scale (1-not at all, 5-always). Employees' food safety training should be conducted continuously and repetitively to improve the effectiveness of the training.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.233-244
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop the evaluation indicators of positive nursing organizational culture in a clinical setting. Methods: The evaluation indicators of positive nursing organizational culture were developed from a literature review and a focus group interview. The content validity testing was done using a clinical expert panel. The content utility testing was done using a survey questionnaire. Results: The evaluation indicators of positive nursing organizational culture consists of 88 indicators representing the eight domains with the 24 categories. The average scores in evaluation indicators of positive nursing culture included the importance (3.29 points in average), the potential for further utilization (3.14 points in average) and the current state of extension agency (2.80 points in average). Conclusion: The developed evaluation indicators can be applied to measure the nursing organizational culture, which would be the basic data to manage human resources effectively in a clinical setting.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to develop the self-report Mother-Preschool Child Interaction Scale (MPIS) for mothers of preschool children. Methods: The scale was based on items derived from literature review and in-depth interviews. A methodological study was used to check reliability and validity and participants were 334 mothers of preschool children enrolled in kindergarten or nursery. Data were analyzed using principal component factor analysis for construct validity, t-test for contrasted group validity, Pearson correlation for criterion related validity and test-retest reliability and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for reliability. Results: In the final MPIS 34 items identified through factor analysis were included, 6 constructs were derived, and explanatory power was 64.2%. Items on the MPIS were verified through correlation with the interaction observation scale of Kim & Mahoney and MPIS. Results were significant as mothers in the normal group exhibited MPIS scores that were significantly higher than those of mothers in the depressed group. Reliability of MPIS was .96 and test-retest reliability was .92. Conclusion: MPIS has the advantage of being easy to use, economical, and useful. Consequently, it is expected to be used as a screening tool for promptly and simply identifying the mother-preschool child interaction in diverse nursing practice and research.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.147-157
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to explore the current research trend on acupuncture treatment for nerve regeneration and recovery effect. Methods : We investigated the researches so far, on acupuncture treatment for the nerve regeneration and recovery via searching Pubmed from 2005 up to October 2014. Data were extracted from the included studies regarding the authors, countries, type of nerve injury, type of acupuncture, treatment period, acupuncture points, assessment tool and results. Results and Conclusions : Twenty-four research papers were included in the review. Outcomes were measured by immunohistochemical results, motor behavior scores, and electrocphysiological results. All but one study favored acupuncture and electroacupuncture treatment for nerve regeneration and recovery regardless of type of nerve injury and acupuncture modality. Acupuncture treatment may have a potential for nerve regeneration and recovery and further research is required.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.179-193
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to develop the Family System Diagnosis Scale and to examine its reliability and validity. The subscales of the questionnaire included scores on seven constructs. In order to define constructs accurately, a careful review of Minuchin's writings, the writings of other family therapists, and relevant articles on family interaction was undertaken. A pool of 150 items was given to eight family counselors along with a description of Minuchin' s concepts. The counselors were asked to choose the category each statement fit and to rate the degree of fit using the 3-point scale. Using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and Linear Structural Relationship(LISREL), six subdimensions of individuation and 55 items of FSDS were identified; enmeshmen disengagement(16 items), parent coalition generational coalition(6 items), flexibility rigidity(5 items), spouse conflict resolved unresolved(8 items), mother-child cohesion estrangement(10 items), father-child cohesion estrangement(10 items). 356 adolescents(ages 13∼18), 356 fathers, 356 mothers in Seoul, Busan, Dague, Incheun, Dajeun, Ulsan, and Kwangju were completed the Family System Diagnosis Scale(FSDS). The reliability of the scale was calculated by Cronbach's a Coefficient and the total a = .94 and the calculation for each factor was .87, .60, .77, .80 and .79 respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.51-66
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to review the current language level of children from multi-cultural background and whether the language level of these children would be increased after participating in the 'We Start Language Intervention Program'. The subjects were 30 36-75-month old children attending daycare centers in Ansan city, South Korea. The results showed that the receptive and expressive language levels of children from multi-cultural families were low compared to those of other children, and that their expressive language level was evaluated more negatively than their receptive language level. After participating in the 'We Start Language Intervention Program', language test scores, language age and language percentile rank were all increased. It was also found that the developmental language level of multi-cultural children increased, and that of the children that had a language delay or language disorder decreased.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.425-461
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• 2014

This paper analyzes the impact of the Canada-Korea Free Trade Agreement on the basis of the published text and agreed schedule of commitments. We find that the Agreement reinforces existing patterns of comparative advantage between Canada (agriculture and resource-based sectors) and Korea (autos and other industries). The sensitive sectors that held up the deal for years - autos into Canada and beef into Korea - witness major trade gains, but are not unduly disrupted. In both economies, the major output gains otherwise come in non-traded services sectors, driven by income effects. We find that trade diversion effects are quite significant; this lends support for the domino theory of major free trade agreements - since the Korea-EU agreement broke the ice, the pressure has intensified on third parties to re-level playing fields by striking their own deals. The study breaks new ground in modelling services trade by developing policy impacts based on the extent to which the text of the Agreement modifies Korea's and Canada's scores on the OECD's Services Trade Restrictiveness Index and by providing estimates of Mode 3 Services trade impacts. The analysis of the Agreement as negotiated, the present study, in our view, is a step forward in understanding the impact of modern free trade agreements.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1277-1298
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• 2017

Related to the maximum vector problem, a skyline query is to discover dominating tuples from a set of tuples, where each defines an object (such as a hotel) in several dimensions (such as the price and the distance to the beach). A tuple, an instance of an object, dominates another tuple if it is equally good or better in all dimensions and better in at least one dimension. Traditionally, skyline queries are defined upon single-instance data or upon objects each of which is associated with an instance. However, in some cases, an object is not associated with a single instance but rather by multiple instances. For example, on a review website, many users assign scores to a product or a service, and a user's score is an instance of the object representing the product or the service. Such data is an example of multi-instance data. Unlike most (if not all) others considering the traditional setting, we consider skyline queries defined upon multi-instance data. We define the dominance calculation and propose an algorithm to reduce its computational cost. We use synthetic and real data to evaluate the proposed methods, and the results demonstrate their utility.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to elucidate to what extent the goals of the leadership training program implemented in a medical college were achieved. Study subjects consisted of 74 first-year premedical students at the College of Medicine of The Catholic University of Korea. All participants completed two questionnaires: an 18-item self-leadership questionnaire asking self-expectation, rehearsal, goal setting, self-rewards, self-judgment and constructive thinking, and a 28-item self-efficacy questionnaire asking preference toward difficult work, efficacy of self-control, and confidence before and after the leadership training program. Students also competed a program satisfaction survey after the program. The collected data were analyzed with a paired t-test, descriptive statistics by IBM SPSS ver. 20.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). Students' overall satisfaction with the program scored 4.06 out of 5. The scores of self-leadership and self-efficacy increased after the leadership training program except for 'confidence' in self-efficacy. The results indicate that an intensive leadership program in a short period of time could help to enhance social competencies such as communication skills, empathy, self-reflection, and teamwork of premedical students.