• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of curl-up and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) neck flexion exercises on stroke patients' trunk muscle activity, ability to control the trunk, and balance by comparing two exercise methods. Methods : The study involved patients who had been diagnosed with stroke based on the results of computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging at O Hospital in Daegu, South Korea, between January and July 2020. In total, 30 subjects were selected and by flipping a coin, randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=15) that performed PNF neck flexion exercises and a control group (n=15) that performed curl-up exercises. Both groups received traditional rehabilitation therapy for 30 minutes a day five times a week for a six-week period. In addition, the experimental group performed PNF neck flexion exercises and the control group curl-up exercises for 15 minutes a day five times a week over the same period. The subjects' muscle activity in the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), and internal oblique (IO) were measured before and after the experiment. The subjects' trunk impairment scale (TIS) and Berg balance scale (BBS) scores were also assessed. Paired t test was performed to measure the amount of statistical change before and after intervention in both groups. An independent sample T test was performed to measure the amount of statistical change between the two groups. Results : Both groups experienced statistically significant increases in their RA, IO and EO muscle activity, total TIS scores, and total BBS scores after the intervention. No statistically significant differences in the changes before and after the intervention were found for any of the resulting values between the two groups. Conclusion : A comprehensive review of the study's results suggested that neck flexion exercises using the PNF irradiation concept and curl-up exercise are effective in increasing stroke patients' abdominal muscle activity and improving trunk control ability and balance in chronic stroke patients.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.460-468
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• 2021

Objective : Extremely low alanine transaminase (ALT) levels are associated with all-cause mortality in frail elderly individuals; the clinical significance of ALT as a reliable biomarker is now being considered. Predicting mortality with routine tests at the time of diagnosis is important for managing patients after intracranial hemorrhage. We aimed to investigate whether an extremely low ALT level is associated with mortality in the elderly after intracranial hemorrhage. Methods : A retrospective review was performed on 455 patients with intracranial hemorrhage admitted to a university-affiliated tertiary care hospital from February 2014 to May 2019. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed for all ages and for each age group to determine whether an extremely low ALT level is an independent predictor of mortality only in the elderly. Results : Overall, 294 patients were enrolled, and the mean age of the subjects was 59.1 years, with 99 (33.8%) aged ≥65 years. The variables associated with all-cause mortality in all subjects were age, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, hemoglobin (Hb) levels (<11 g/dL), and initial Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores. In young patients, CRP, low Hb levels, and initial GCS scores were significantly associated with all-cause mortality. However, in the elderly (≥65 years), the variables significantly associated with all-cause mortality were extremely low levels of ALT (<10 U/L) (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.313; 95% confidence interval, 1.232-8.909; p=0.018) and initial GCS scores. Conclusion : Extremely low ALT level (<10 U/L) at the time of diagnosis is a significant risk factor for all-cause mortality in the elderly after intracranial hemorrhage.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.127-140
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was performed to verify reliability and validity of Korean Patient Classification System for nurses(KPCS-1), to estimate nursing time conversion index, and to classify patients into groups according to KPCS-1 scores. Methods: KPCS-1 was revised from KPCS by a professional review team. Interrater reliability and construct validity of KPCS-1 were verified by data from 433 patients. Direct and indirect nursing time of 204 patients were measured by stopwatch observation and self reports for 24 hours. Nursing time conversion index was calculated. Results: KPCS-1 consisted of 12 area, 50 nursing activities, and 73 items. The interrater reliability was tested between two nurse group (r=.88, p<.001) and construct validity was verified according to medical department (F=10.97, p<.001) and patient pattern (F=5.54, p=.001). The correlation of nursing time and classification score was also statistically significant (r=.56, p<.001). The nursing time conversion index was 9.03 minutes per 1 classification score. The patients were classified into 4 groups by the classification scores. Conclusion: KPCS-1 can be a useful factor type patient classification system for general ward. Further study is needed to evaluate validity and reliability for refining KPCS-1 and to develop ways connecting the scores with nursing outcomes.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.54-63
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 과학의 윤리적 측면 중에서도 생물윤리와 관련하여 학생들의 의사결정력 함양에 적합한 주제를 선택하여 의사결정 단계를 세분화시켜 활동함으로써 학생들의 의사결정력 향상을 도모하고자 하였다. 생물 윤리 의사결정 활동지는 선행연구를 바탕으로 하여 재구성된 것으로서 문제인식, 정보 탐색, 대안 생성, 가치준거 설정, 대안 평가, 결과 검토의 단계로 구성되었다. 4차시에 걸쳐서 활동지를 투입한 결과 l차시에 비해 4차시의 학생들의 의사결정력은 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 의사결정의 활동 단계별로 살펴보면, 문제인식이나 대안 생성, 대안 평가하기는 4차시로 갈수록 향상되었으나, 정보탐색이나 가치 준거 결정하기, 결과 검토하기는 향상되지 않았다. 이는 단기간의 학습활동으로 의사결정의 세부 능력을 모두 향상시킬 수 없음을 알 수 있다. 또한 학생들의 의사결정 활동 단계에서 살펴보면, 정보탐색이나 대안 평가 기능의 수행이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 학생들이 생물 윤리적 쟁점에 직면하여 의사결정을 하는데 있어서 문제와 관련된 생물학적 지식을 제대로 적용하지 못하고 있는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 현대의 과학 기술 사회에서 학생들에게 합리적인 의사결정력을 함양시키기 위해서는 교육과정에 생물학의 윤리적이고 도덕적인 요소를 고려한 구체척인 의사결정 활동이 포함되어야 하며 지속적인 학습이 이루어져야 함을 시사한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.215-217
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• 2016

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most frequent form of leukemia in Europe and North America, and it mainly affects older individuals. Many approaches are implemented in the management of CLL from a watch and wait (W&W) strategy to chemotherapeutic regimens. We here reviewed our clinical practice for the relevance of the W&W strategy in Lebanese CLL patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 95 patients with CLL diagnosed in four institutions in Lebanon, between 1992 and 2013, were selected and their files were reviewed. Characteristics of these patients were noted including age, sex, RAI and Binet scores, CBC values, presence of hepatomegaly or splenomegaly, performance of bone marrow biopsy or peripheral blood flux cytometry for diagnosis, adoption of W&W strategy, different chemotherapeutic regimens and the indications for treatment. Results: Some 38 patients (40%) diagnosed with CLL were women and 57 (60%) were men with a mean age of 65.1 years [36-89]. Of the total, 50.5%, 17.2%, 14%, 7.5% and 10.8% had an RAI score at diagnosis of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, while 65.6%, 17.2% and 17.2% had Binet scores of I, II and III. The mean lymphocyte count at diagnosis was $39885/mm^3$ [1596-290000], the mean hemoglobin level was 12.7 g/dl [6.2-17] and the mean platelet count was $191255/mm^3$ [14000-458000]. While 26.3% of patients with CLL had splenomegaly, only 7.4% had hepatomegaly. Some 33.7% had undergone a bone marrow biopsy, 66.3% flow cytometry of circulating blood and 5.3% a lymph node biopsy. Overall, the W&W was adopted in 62.4% (58) of patients with a mean duration of 37.7 months [3-216]. The W&W was used in 82.6%, 73.3%, 46.2%, 14.3% and 0% of patients having RAI scores of 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, and, it was used in 80%, 46.7% and 6.25% with Binet scores of I, II and III. The most frequent indication for treatment was anemia and thrombocytopenia, accounting for 32.7% of cases. The most frequently used chemotherapeutical regimens were chlorambucil until the end of the last century and flufarabine-cyclophosphamide-rituximab during the last decade. Conclusions: This retrospective review of CLL clinical practice showed an important implementation of the W&W strategy with a long duration, especially in early stage cases with low RAI or Binet scores.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.63-83
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• 2016

본 연구는 수출제조기업의 효율성을 분석하고, 이러한 효율성에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하는데 연구목적이 있다. DEA를 활용한 수출제조기업의 효율성 분석에는 투입변수로 종업원수와 자본을 활용하고 산출변수로 매출액을 활용하였다. 수출제조기업의 효율성에 영향을 미치는 요인은 기존 실증연구를 기초로 연구개발집약도, 수출집약도, 인건비비율, 일반관리비비율, 총자산, 유동성 및 자기자본비율을 선정하였다. 실증분석에는 369개 코스닥 수출제조기업의 2013년부터 2015년까지 3년간 패널자료를 활용하였다. 패널 Tobit 회귀분석을 활용한 실증분석결과 중에서 코스닥 수출제조기업 전체를 대상으로 한 분석결과에서는 연구개발집약도, 인건비비율, 총자산 및 자기자본비율이 CCR효율성과 BCC효율성에 부의 영향을 미치고, 수출집약도가 CCR효율성에 부의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 코스닥 수출제조기업 중 대기업을 대상으로 한 분석결과에서는 연구개발집약도가 CCR효율성과 BCC효율성에 정의 영향을 미치고, 수출집약도, 인건비비율 및 자기자본비율이 CCR효율성과 BCC효율성에 부의 영향을 미치고, 일반관리비비율이 BCC효율성에 부의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 코스닥 수출제조기업 중 중소기업을 대상으로 한 분석결과에서는 연구개발집약도, 인건비비율, 총자산 및 자기자본비율이 CCR효율성과 BCC효율성에 부의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.181-196
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• 2014

Many studies have been studied in the Information Technology (IT) area such as Information Systems, Business, Industrial Engineering, Computer Science, Data Analytics and so on. Although various fields for IT exist, searching experts and reviewers in IT journals are subjective. The related journals have made efforts to assign experts for the qualified review. This study conducted developing the framework for understanding and evaluating the experts among co-authors and reviewers through social network analysis. To explore the findings, we collected data of the co-authored network and the reviewer network of the Korea Society of IT Services Journal. Totally, 545 authors for submissions and 314 co-authors were used for analyzing the co-authored network. To analyze the network, we divided two networks as a network for 545 papers and a network of 316 papers excluded 229 single authored-papers. In the findings, we found out various researchers published their papers with collaborations. Also, authors who have high scores of centrality can be said as experts for specific fields. In addition, we analyzed 358 data of reviewers from 2005 to 2011. About 50 reviewers have reviewed the submitted papers based on their expertise since 2005. Peculiarly, the expertise and the qualified review in Korea Society of IT Services Journal were identified in that almost reviewers do not review various papers at a time based on low degree measures and network density.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.254-262
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• 2009

e비즈니스가 활발히 이루어지면서 소비자들은 온라인 쇼핑몰올 통해 수많은 상품을 접할 수 있게 되었고, 상품구매 시 다른 사람들의 리뷰를 참고하게 되었다. 하지만, 리뷰의 수도 많아짐에 따라 소비자가 모든 리뷰들을 살펴보기가 힘들다는 문제점이 대두되었으며 이를 해결하기 위해서 리뷰의 상품에 대한 평가를 요약하고 성향을 파악하는 오피니언 마이닝 연구가 나타나게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 상품리뷰를 대상으로 오피니언 마이닝을 수행하는 경우 어휘의 의견 성향을 파악할 때, 문맥정보를 활용하여 기존의 의견분류방법 보다 좀 더 정확한 의견 판단이 가능한 방법에 대해 다루고 있다. 이를 위해, 어휘가 사용될 때의 문맥정보를 정의하고 이를 의견분류에 적용하는 방법을 제안하였으며, 실험을 통하여 기존 연구 보다 상황별 알맞은 의견분류가 가능함을 보였다. 또한 수작업으로 말뭉치의 핵심 어휘들을 정의했던 기존 연구들에서의 방식에서 벗어나, 리뷰본문과 리뷰점수를 활용하여 자동으로 상황에 맞는 말뭉치를 구축하는 방법도 제안하였다. 이를 통해 상품리뷰에 나타난 어휘들의 문맥에 맞는 의미 성향을 정확하고 쉽게 판별해 낼 수 있게 되었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.245-256
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• 2010

Objectives: This study aims to compare quality indicators for the hemodialysis services between patients with health insurance and those with medical aid. Methods: This study used data from sampled hospitals that provided a hemodialysis service. A total of 2287 patients were selected, and the information for hemodialysis service has been granted from medical record reviews. A multi-level regression analysis was used to examine the differences in process and outcome indicators for hemodialysis between patients with health insurance and those with medical aid. Process indicators were defined as: frequency of hemodialysis, hemodialysis time, erythropoietin (EPO) use, measurement of hemodialysis dose at least once a month, measurement of phosphate at least once every three months, and measurement of albumin at least once every three months. Outcome indicators were defined as: hemodialysis adequacy, anemia management, blood pressure management, and calcium, phosphate and nutrition management. The total scores for outcome indicators ranged from 0 (worst) to 4 (best). Results: There was a significant difference in the measurement of hemodialysis dose at least once a month between patients with health insurance and those with medical aid (OR 0.66, 95% CI = 0.43 - 0.99). However, frequency of hemodialysis, hemodialysis time, EPO use, measurement of phosphate at least once every three months, measurement of albumin at least once every three months, hemodialysis adequacy management, Hb${\geq}$11 g/dL, blood pressure within the range of 100-140 /60-90 mmHg, calcium x phosphate${\leq}$55 $g^2/dL^2$ and albumin${\geq}$4 g/dL were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusions: There were no significant differences in outcome indicators for hemodialysis between the groups. Further studies are warranted into the mechanism that results in no differences in the outcome indicators for hemodialysis.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.149-163
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• 2021

Objectives This study is to review the effectiveness of exercise after lung cancer surgery. Methods Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched in PubMed database. The systematic review was conducted through flow diagram. The risk of biases were assessed through the Cochrane guideline. Characteristics and outcomes were extracted from each study. Meta-analyses of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), quality of life (QoL), pulmonary complications were conducted. Results 14 RCTs were selected. In meta-analysis, exercise improved FEV1 (mean difference [MD] 0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04 to 0.25; p=0.009; I2=55%) and mean change of FEV1 (MD 0.11; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.20; p=0.02; I2=0%). Exercise increased the distance of 6MWT, but there was considerable heterogeneity (MD 45; 95% CI 21.16 to 68.83; p=0.0002, I2=89%). There was no differences in QoL scores by 2 questionnaires (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire, short form-36). Exercise reduced the duration of hospital stay (MD -3.32; 95% CI -5.27 to -1.36; I2=0%; 2 studies) but not duration of chest tube intubation (MD -1.37; 95% CI -2.81 to 0.06; I2=0%) and incidence of pulmonary complications (pooled risk ratio 0.54; 95% CI 0.23 to 1.30; I2=0%). Conclusions Exercise might reduce the duration of hospital stay after lung surgery. There was not enough evidence to prove improvement of lung function, aerobic capacity, muscle strength, QoL, and decline of pulmonary complications. Low-quality risk of bias, different units or estimation of outcome, different exercise type and duration, heterogeneity among studies make the evidence of effectiveness weak. Future researches are required to redeem these defects.