• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.148-153
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• 1994

우리나라에서 발생하는 주요 벼 바이러스로써 저항성 유전자원이 없어 현재까지 저항성 품종이 육성되지 못하고 있는 흑조위축병(Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus, RBSDV)에 대한 유전정보에 대하여 연구하였다. 매개충인 보독 애멸구를 이용하여 이병주를 생산한 후 바이러스 입자를 순수 분리하여 전기영동한 결과 10개의 band를 확인하였다. RBSDV RNA로부터 역전사 효소를 이용 cDNA를 합성한 후 ${\lambda}gt11$에 삽입하여 cDNA library를 만들었다. 이 library에서 6개의 단편을 선발하였으며 그중 한 개의 clone(pRV3)은 hybridization을 통해 RBSDV 게놈 조각 3번 유래인 것을 확인하였다. pRV3의 염기서열을 결정한 결과 2개의 ORF의 일부분들을 갖고 있었으며 이것은 바이러스 저항성 작물개발에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1590-1599
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• 2021

Objective: This study investigates the expression patterns of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and intracellular mediators in horse muscle cells after exercise, and the relationship between TLRS expression in stressed horse muscle cells and immune cell migration toward them. Methods: The expression patterns of the TLRs (TLR2, TLR4, and TLR8) and downstream signaling pathway-related genes (myeloid differentiation primary response 88 [MYD88]; activating transcription factor 3 [ATF3]) are examined in horse tissues, and horse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) and muscles in response to exercise, using the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Expressions of chemokine receptor genes, i.e., C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) and C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), are studied in PBMCs and PMNs. A horse muscle cell line is developed by transfecting SV-T antigen into fetal muscle cells, followed by examination of muscle-specific genes. Horse muscle cells are treated with stressors, i.e., cortisol, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and heat, to mimic stress conditions in vitro, and the expression of TLR4 and TLR8 are examined in stressed muscle cells, in addition to migration activity of PBMCs toward stressed muscle cells. Results: The qPCR revealed that TLR4 message was expressed in cerebrum, cerebellum, thymus, lung, liver, kidney, and muscle, whereas TLR8 expressed in thymus, lung, and kidney, while TLR2 expressed in thymus, lung, and kidney. Expressions of TLRs, i.e., TLR4 and TLR8, and mediators, i.e., MYD88 and ATF3, were upregulated in muscle, PBMCs and PMNs in response to exercise. Expressions of CXCR2 and CCR5 were also upregulated in PBMCs and PMNs after exercise. In the muscle cell line, TLR4 and TLR8 expressions were upregulated when cells were treated with stressors such as cortisol, H₂O₂, and heat. Migration of PBMCs toward stressed muscle cells was increased by exercise and oxidative stresses, and combinations of these. Treatment with methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), an antioxidant on stressed muscle cells, reduced migration of PBMCs toward stressed muscle cells. Conclusion: In this study, we have successfully cultured horse skeletal muscle cells, isolated horse PBMCs, and established an in vitro system for studying stress-related gene expressions and function. Expression of TLR4, TLR8, CXCR2, and CCR5 in horse muscle cells was higher in response to stressors such as cortisol, H₂O₂, and heat, or combinations of these. In addition, migration of PBMCs toward muscle cells was increased when muscle cells were under stress, but inhibition of reactive oxygen species by MSM modulated migratory activity of PBMCs to stressed muscle cells. Further study is necessary to investigate the biological function(s) of the TLR gene family in horse muscle cells.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.662-669
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• 2021

Objective: Effects of linseed oil (LO) supplementation on the fat content and fatty acid profile of breast meat, and the expression of three genes in the liver, breast muscle and fat tissues of commercial 154-day-old hybrid male turkeys were investigated. Methods: The animals in the control group were fed a commercially available feed and received no LO supplementation (n = 70), whereas animals in the LO group (n = 70) were fed the same basic diet supplemented with LO (day 15 to 21, 0.5%; day 22 to 112, 1%). The effect of dietary LO supplementation on fatty acid composition of breast muscle was examined by gas chromatography, and the expression of fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) genes was analysed by means of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: The LO supplementation affected the fatty acid composition of breast muscle. Hepatic FADS2 levels were considerably lower (p<0.001), while adipose tissue expression was higher (p<0.05) in the control compared to the LO group. The PPARγ expression was lower (p<0.05), whereas IGF1 was higher (p<0.05) in the fat of control animals. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in FADS2, PPARγ, and IGF1 gene expressions of breast muscle; however, omega-6/omega-3 ratio of breast muscle substantially decreased (p<0.001) in the LO group compared to control. Conclusion: Fatty acid composition of breast meat was positively influenced by LO supplementation without deterioration of fattening parameters. Remarkably, increased FADS2 expression in the liver of LO supplemented animals was associated with a significantly decreased omega-6/omega-3 ratio, providing a potentially healthier meat product for human consumption. Increased PPARγ expression in fat tissue of the LO group was not associated with fat content of muscle, whereas a decreased IGF1 expression in fat tissue was associated with a trend of decreasing fat content in muscle of the experimental LO group.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.562-571
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 선별된 유색미 5품종에 대한 자외선 조사에 따른 노화 억제 기전을 확인하고자 항산화 활성과 활성산소종(ROS) assay를 분석하였으며, 주름형성을 유발하는 효소인 MMPs와 그 upstream인 MAPK pathway(ERK, JNK 및 p38)에서의 인산화 발현을 얼마나 저해하는지를 분석하였다. 유색미 5품종 가운데 전자공여능과 ABTS 소거활성 결과, 신토흑미 에탄올 추출물(SRE)과 흑설 에탄올 추출물(HE), SRE와 흑설 열수 추출물(HW)이 각각 뛰어난 소거활성을 보였으며, collagenase 저해 활성 결과 HE가 전 농도에서 고르게 높은 저해효과를 나타내었다. 또한, ROS assay에서 SE와 HE가 전 농도에서 매우 효과적인 ROS 생성억제를 나타냄에 따라 우리는 선별된 유색미 가운데 HE를 이용하여 MMPs와 MAPK의 발현억제 pathway를 확인하였다. 그 결과 pro-collagen type I은 $100{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 발현이 증가하였고, MMP-1과 -13은 농도 의존적으로 발현이 억제되었으며, ERK와 p38의 인산화 또한 농도 의존적으로 억제하고 있음을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과에 따라 MMPs의 mRNA 발현을 확인하기 위한 RT-PCR을 실시하였으며, MMP-1과 3의 mRNA의 발현은 농도 의존적으로 감소하였고 MMP-9는 HE를 $100{\mu}g/mL$의 농도로 처치한 경우에 발현이 감소하였음을 확인하였다. 선별된 유색미 5종의 에탄올 추출물은 항산화 활성이 우수하였고, 특히 HE의 주름억제 활성 효능을 확인함에 따라 기능성 식품 화장품 분야에서 주름개선 및 항노화 소재로서의 가능성을 확인하였다.