• 제목/요약/키워드: Reverse direction

검색결과 351건 처리시간 0.027초

한-베 기계번역에서 한국어 분석기 (UTagger)의 영향 (Effect of Korean Analysis Tool (UTagger) on Korean-Vietnamese Machine Translations)

  • 원광복;옥철영
    • 한국정보과학회 언어공학연구회:학술대회논문집(한글 및 한국어 정보처리)
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    • 한국정보과학회언어공학연구회 2017년도 제29회 한글 및 한국어 정보처리 학술대회
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    • pp.184-189
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    • 2017
  • With the advent of robust deep learning method, Neural machine translation has recently become a dominant paradigm and achieved adequate results in translation between popular languages such as English, German, and Spanish. However, its results in under-resourced languages Korean and Vietnamese are still limited. This paper reports an attempt at constructing a bidirectional Korean-Vietnamese Neural machine translation system with the supporting of Korean analysis tool - UTagger, which includes morphological analyzing, POS tagging, and WSD. Experiment results demonstrate that UTagger can significantly improve translation quality of Korean-Vietnamese NMT system in both translation direction. Particularly, it improves approximately 15 BLEU scores for the translation from Korean to Vietnamese direction and 3.12 BLEU scores for the reverse direction.

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한-베 기계번역에서 한국어 분석기 (UTagger)의 영향 (Effect of Korean Analysis Tool (UTagger) on Korean-Vietnamese Machine Translations)

  • 원광복;옥철영
    • 한국어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국어정보학회 2017년도 제29회 한글및한국어정보처리학술대회
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    • pp.184-189
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    • 2017
  • With the advent of robust deep learning method, Neural machine translation has recently become a dominant paradigm and achieved adequate results in translation between popular languages such as English, German, and Spanish. However, its results in under-resourced languages Korean and Vietnamese are still limited. This paper reports an attempt at constructing a bidirectional Korean-Vietnamese Neural machine translation system with the supporting of Korean analysis tool - UTagger, which includes morphological analyzing, POS tagging, and WSD. Experiment results demonstrate that UTagger can significantly improve translation quality of Korean-Vietnamese NMT system in both translation direction. Particularly, it improves approximately 15 BLEU scores for the translation from Korean to Vietnamese direction and 3.12 BLEU scores for the reverse direction.

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Inversion of Spread-Direction and Alternate Neighborhood System for Cellular Automata-Based Image Segmentation Framework

  • Lee, Kyungjae;Lee, Junhyeop;Hwang, Sangwon;Lee, Sangyoun
    • Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.21-23
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    • 2017
  • Purpose In this paper, we proposed alternate neighborhood system and reverse spread-direction approach for accurate and fast cellular automata-based image segmentation method. Materials and Methods On the basis of a simple but effective interactive image segmentation technique based on a cellular automaton, we propose an efficient algorithm by using Moore and designed neighborhood system alternately and reversing the direction of the reference pixels for spreading out to the surrounding pixels. Results In our experiments, the GrabCut database were used for evaluation. According to our experimental results, the proposed method allows cellular automata-based image segmentation method to faster while maintaining the segmentation quality. Conclusion Our results proved that proposed method improved accuracy and reduced computation time, and also could be applied to a large range of applications.

Experimental study of bubble flow behavior during flow instability under uniform and non-uniform transverse heat distribution

  • Al-Yahia, Omar S.;Yoon, Ho Joon;Jo, Daeseong
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제52권12호
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    • pp.2771-2788
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    • 2020
  • Experiments are conducted to study bubble flow behavior during the instability of subcooled boiling under uniform and non-uniform transverse heating. The non-uniform heat distribution introduces nonuniform bubble generation and condensation rates on the heated surface, which is different from the uniform heating. These bubble generation and condensation characteristics introduce a non-uniform local pressure distribution in the transverse direction, which creates an extra non-uniform pressure on the flowing bubbles. Therefore, different bubble flow behavior can be observed between uniform and non-uniform heating conditions. In the uniform heating, bubble velocity fluctuations are low, and the bubbles travel straight along the axial direction. In the non-uniform heating, more fluctuation in the bubble velocity occurs at low mass flow rate and high subcooled inlet temperatures, and reverse flow is observed. Additionally, the bubbles show a zigzag trajectory when they pass through the channel, which indicates the existence of cross flow in the transverse direction.

시선의 고정과 도약에 나타난 공간정보 탐색 특성 (Spatial Information Search Features Shown in Eye Fixations and Saccades)

  • 김종하
    • 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.22-32
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    • 2017
  • This research is to analyze the spatial information search features which shown by Eye fixation and movement and conducted eye tracking experiment for targeting sports shop spatial images which it are same but looks different. This is able to find out the eye movement feature according to placement of goods from the eye movement and movement distance of spatial visitor, and the result can be defined as following. First, the whole original-reverse left / right images have a higher number of observations in the [IN] area than in the [OUT] area. This is because after eye taking high observations in LA area of [IN] have been jump-over [OUT], performed search activities in low eye fixation without high eye fixation. Second, there was a difference in the frequency of the observation data as the composition of the images changed. The original image has been often fixed the eyes in LA area, and the one that has been observed for a long time is reverse left / right image. Also, fixation point was shown higher at the reverse left / right image as jump-over from [OUT] area to [IN] area. If LA area seen as reverse left / right image, it is located in right-hand side. The case where the dominant area is on the right side has a characteristic that the eye fixation is longer. This can be understand that the arrangement of products for attract the customer's attention in the commercial space might be more effective when it is on the right side. Third, the moving distance(IN ${\rightarrow}$ OUT) of the sight pointed to external from LA area was long in the both original-reverse left / right images, but it is no relation with search direction([IN${\rightarrow}$OUT] [IN${\rightarrow}$OUT]) of the sight. In other words, the sight that entered in LA area can be seen as visual perception activity for re-searching after big jump-over, in the case go in to outward (OUT area) after searching for more than certain time. The fact that the moving distance of eye is relatively short in the [IN ${\rightarrow}$ OUT] process considered as that the gaze that stays outside the LA area naturally enters in to LA area.

The efficacy of the reverse contrast mode in digital radiography for the detection of proximal dentinal caries

  • Miri, Shimasadat;Mehralizadeh, Sandra;Sadri, Donya;Motamedi, Mahmood Reza Kalantar;Soltani, Parisa
    • Imaging Science in Dentistry
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    • 제45권3호
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    • pp.141-145
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the reverse contrast mode in intraoral digital radiography for the detection of proximal dentinal caries, in comparison with the original digital radiographs. Materials and Methods: Eighty extracted premolars with no clinically apparent caries were selected, and digital radiographs of them were taken separately in standard conditions. Four observers examined the original radiographs and the same radiographs in the reverse contrast mode with the goal of identifying proximal dentinal caries. Microscopic sections $5{\mu}m$ in thickness were prepared from the teeth in the mesiodistal direction. Four slides prepared from each sample used as the diagnostic gold standard. The data were analyzed using SPSS (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: Our results showed that the original radiographs in order to identify proximal dentinal caries had the following values for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy, respectively: 72.5%, 90%, 87.2%, 76.5%, and 80.9%. For the reverse contrast mode, however, the corresponding values were 63.1%, 89.4%, 87.1%, 73.5%, and 78.8%, respectively. The sensitivity of original digital radiograph for detecting proximal dentinal caries was significantly higher than that of reverse contrast mode (p<0.05). However, no statistically significant differences were found regarding specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, or accuracy (p>0.05). Conclusion: The sensitivity of the original digital radiograph for detecting proximal dentinal caries was significantly higher than that of the reversed contrast images. However, no statistically significant differences were found between these techniques regarding specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, or accuracy.

건물협곡에서의 2차 역회전 소용돌이 형성에 관한 연구 (A Study on Development of the Secondary Reverse Vortex in Building Canyon)

  • 손민우;김도용
    • 한국환경기술학회지
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    • 제19권6호
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    • pp.528-535
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구에서는 전산유체역학(CFD) 모델을 이용하여, 건물 외관비에 따른 건물협곡에서의 소용돌이 현상을 재현하고 정량적인 해석을 시도하였다. 이를 위하여 건물협곡의 폭(W)을 기준으로 건물의 길이(L) 및 높이(H) 증가에 따른 민감도 실험을 수행하였으며, 건물협곡에서의 바람 벡터장과 2차 역회전 소용돌이의 형성 등을 분석하였다. 수평소용돌이의 경우에는 건물의 길이 증가에 따라 성장하다가 L/W=2.5부터 건물협곡의 중앙부에서 벡터의 크기 약화 및 방향 변화 등의 조짐이 보이기 시작하였고, L/W=3.0 이상에서 흐름이 분리되어 1차 소용돌이는 약화되고 건물협곡의 안쪽에서 2차 역회전 소용돌이가 형성되었다. 연직소용돌이의 경우에는 건물의 높이 증가에 따라 성장하다가 H/W=2.5부터 건물협곡의 하부에서 벡터의 방향전환 현상이 나타나기 시작하였고, H/W=3.5 이상의 조건에서 1차 소용돌이는 약화되고 2차 역회전 소용돌이가 형성되었다.

데이터 전송방향을 고려한 센서네트워크 클러스터링 방법 (Data Direction Aware Clustering Method in Sensor Networks)

  • 조오형;권태욱
    • 한국통신학회논문지
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    • 제34권7B호
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    • pp.721-727
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    • 2009
  • 무선 센서 네트워크(WSN)에서는 저가 및 저 전력 센서를 활용하기 때문에 센서의 업무를 성공적으로 수행하면서 적은 에너지를 소모하는 것이 중요한 문제로 부각 된다. 기존의 계층척 WSN 알고리즘들에서 나타나는 제한점은 데이터 진행방향에 대한 역방향 전송이 이루어 질수 있다는 것이다. 본 논문은 데이터 방향성을 고려한 DDACM(Data Direction Aware Clustering Method) 방법을 제안한다. 데이터 역방향 전송 방지를 위해 클러스터헤더는 데이터 전송 방향에서 싱크노드와 가장 가까운 노드가 먼저 임명되고, 에너지 레벨이 일정량 이하 시 클러스터 헤더를 교체하는 방법융 제안한다. 실험을 통하여 LEACH(Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)방식과 비교하여 데이터 역방향 전송올 최소화하여 에너지 소모를 줄일 수 있음을 확인하였다.

실리콘 마이크로머시닝을 이용한 플래퍼-노즐 밸브의 제작 및 특성 실험 (Flapper-nozzle Valve Fabrication Using Silicon Micromachining and Flow Characterization)

  • 권영신;김태현;조동일
    • 센서학회지
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.72-80
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    • 1997
  • 실리콘 공정을 이용하여 마이크로 밸브(valve)를 제작할 때에 역방향 누설 유량은 중요한 문제중 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 플래퍼(flapper)와 노즐(nozzle)을 이용하여 누설 유량이 없는 마이크로 밸브를 설계하고, 실리콘 공정을 이용하여 제작하였다. 제작된 마이크로 밸브의 작동원리는 정방향 압력이 가해질 때에는 유체의 압력이 플래퍼를 위로 밀어서 유체를 흐르게 하고, 역방향 압력이 가해질 때에는 플래퍼를 밀지만 이때는 노즐의 입구에 의해 지지되므로 플래퍼나 노즐이 깨지지 않는 한 유체가 흐를 수 없게 된다. 노즐은 (100) 웨이퍼를 습식식각하여 제작하였고, 플래퍼는 역형상을 $20{\mu}m$만큼 플라즈마 식각장비(RIE)로 수직 식각한 뒤 뒷면에서부터 습식식각을 하여 제작하였다. 제작된 마이크로 플래퍼-노즐 밸브의 정적특성을 해석하였고, 순수를 사용한 실험결과와 비교하였다. 실험결과는 제작된 마이크로 플래퍼-노즐 밸브가 완전한 다이오드적인 특성을 가진다는 것을 보여 주었다.

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2D-BBDB형 파 에너지 흡수장치 에 작용하는 음의 시간평균 파 표류력 해석 (Reverse Drift Force of a Floating 2D-BBDB Wave Energy Absorber)

  • 홍도천;홍사영;홍석원;김현주
    • 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국해양공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.187-191
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    • 2003
  • The motion and time-mean drift force of a 2-D floating BBDB in waves are studied with and without taking account of fluctuating air pressure in the air chamber. It has been found numerically that the drift for a of the BBDB is in the reverse direction of propagation of the incident waves over specific frequency ranges as found by McCormick through his experiment work. The drift force is calculated by Pinkster's near-field method. Since Maruo's formula method for the drift force is always positive, Maruo's formula is only approximate and should be replaced by the correct near-field method.

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