• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권11호
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• pp.1162-1165
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• 2005

목 적 : 실질적인 모유수유 교육 계획을 세우기 위하여 산모의 모유수유의 실태와 의식을 조사하고 6년 전 시행했던 유사 연구와의 비교를 통해서 우리나라 모유수유의 추세를 파악하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 이화여자대학교 의과대학 동대문병원에서 건강한 신생아를 출산한 127명의 산모를 대상으로 하였다. 산모는 출산 후 1일에 면담하였고 1, 2, 3개월에 다시 전화 추적 면담으로 모유수유 상태와 계획을 조사하였다. 결 과 : 분만 직후 96.1%의 산모들이 모유수유를 계획하고 있었다. 이중 73.2%는 완전 모유수유를, 22.8%는 혼합수유를 계획하고 있었다. 모유수유 기간은 대부분에서 7-12개월을 계획하고 있었다. 모유수유를 주위에서 권장한 사람은 가족이 가장 많았다. 3개월이 경과되면서 완전 모유수유를 하는 산모의 비율은 50%정도로 감소하였고, 혼합 수유하던 산모들은 대부분 인공수유로 이행되었다. 이러한 추세는 1999년에 Jung 등이 시행했던 연구에서와 비슷하나 3개월까지 완전모유수유를 유지하는 비율은 증가하는 경향이다. 모유수유 실패 요인은 젖 부족이(35.0%), 직장 복귀가(27.5%)로 의료인의 지지와 교육으로 도와줄 수 있는 원인들이었다. 결 론 : 1999년 Jung 등의 연구와 비교하여 볼 때 생후 3개월까지 완전 모유수유를 유지하는 비율은 27%에서 50%로 증가하였으나, 모유수유를 실패하는 대부분은 생후 1개월에 인공수유로 전환됨을 알 수 있었다. 혼합 수유를 시행하는 산모에게 실질적이고 지지적인 교육을 통해서 모유수유 성공률은 증가될 수 있다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.29-52
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• 2012

1992년부터 중국과 국교수교이래 수많은 국내기업이 중국에 진출하여 왔으며, 현재도 그 진출은 계속되고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 지금 상당부분의 국내기업이 중국에서 철수하여 국내로 돌아오는 경향도 있으며 이러한 이유의 주요 요인은 중국에서의 인건비 증가와 현지인력관리의 어려움이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중국 흑룡강성 하얼빈 지역에 진출한 국내기업의 현지인력관리 형태를 조사하여 기존의 중국 타 지역의 인력관리 형태와 어떠한 유사점과 차이점이 있는 가를 살펴보기 위하여 하얼빈에 진출한 국내기업을 대상으로 면접 설문조사를 하여 이 지역 진출기업들의 효율적인 현지인력개발 전략을 제시하였다. 향후 이 지역 진출기업들의 현지인력개발 전략으로는, 첫째, 기업체가 요구하는 인재 발굴 시스템을 마련하는 것으로 관리직에는 업무능력 중심으로 생산직의 경우 전문기술인력과 단순생산직으로 구분하여 인력개발을 해야 한다. 둘째, 기업체가 요구하는 인력개발 전략으로 한국학 개설대학과의 교류증진과 산학교류 활동을 통한 필요인력의 육성과 인재풀시스템을 통한 원활한 인력확보 시스템을 구축해야 한다.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.101-119
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• 2019

이 연구는 한국의 도서관과 기록관이 자연 재난 대비 계획을 수립하는 데 참고해야 하는 핵심 요소 검토를 목적으로 진행하였다. 국내에서는 그간 도서관과 기록관의 자연 재난 대비 계획과 관련한 연구가 충분히 진행되지 않았기 때문에 국외에서 폭넓게 진행된 선행연구를 조사하고 분석하였다. 그 결과 국외 연구에서 공통으로 확인되는 재난 대비 계획수립을 위한 핵심 요소는 크게 6가지로 종합할 수 있었다. 먼저 재난 대비 계획의 시작을 위해서 '재난 대비 위원회가 조직되고 업무가 분담'되어야 하며, 재난에 취약한 '위험은 미리 평가되고 관리' 되어야 한다. 또한 모든 직원이 재난 발생 시 '즉각적으로 대응하기 위한 핸드북'이 마련되어야 하며, 재난 발생 후 재난 규모에 따른 전략적 복구와 업무 복귀를 위한 '복구 및 업무 연속성 계획'이 검토되어야 한다. 그리고 직원의 재난 대처 역량과 재난 대비 계획을 강화하기 위해서 '훈련'이 필요하며, 재난 대비에 관한 다양한 관점을 확보하고 대규모 재난 대응과 복구 대비를 위해서 관련 기관 간 '협력 활동'도 고려되어야 한다. 이 논문이 향후 국내 도서관과 기록관의 재난대비 계획수립 검토에 일조하기를 기대한다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.61-79
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• 2000

This study to study and analyze the current state of infancy breast-feeding ＆ practice and related factors and to provide basic data for the effective practice of breast-feeding and breast-feeding percentage improvement. For the object, 474 mothers of the infants who were born between Jan. 1, 1998 and Dec. 31, 1998 were selected, and the survey period ＆ method were from Oct. 15, 1999 through Nov. 14, 1999 (1 month period) and telephone interview, respectively. To examine by month breast-feeding type, the average breast-feeding percentage in 1 month after a child's birth was 42.4%, but after 6 month it decreased to 23.0%. To see breast-feeding percentage by academic background, the breast-feeding of elementary school graduated mothers was 33.3%, which was highest, and it decreased as the academic background of mothers went better (p〈0.01). By employment state, the percentage for the mothers who were not employed was higher (24.6%) than that of those who were employed at the time, which was 8.0% (p〈0.001). There was no meaningful difference found in breast-feeding percentage by infant mothers age, delivery place, infant sex, child order in family, weight at the time of birth. To examine breast-feeding percentage by delivery method, natural delivery was 27.0% which was higher than 13.1% of Caesarean section (p〈0.01), and by breast-feeding experience before leaving the hospital, 35.6% of those who have breast-fed were breast-feeding while it was 16.4% for those who never did it while in the hospital (p〈0.001). After conducting logistics multi return analysis having breast-feeding percentage as a variable at the time of 6 months after babys birth, I found that infant mothers employment state, delivery method, and breast-feeding experience before leaving the hospital become meaningful variables. As unemployed mothers (p〈0.05), as chose natural delivery (p〈0.05), as experienced breast-feeding before leaving the hospital (p〈0.001), there was more tendency to do breast-feeding. Summing the above results, I would like to suggest the following to raise breast-feeding percentage. Firstly, systematic education about the importance and advantages of breast-feeding and correct breast-feeding method should be practised for women. Secondly, vacation before and after childbirth for working women should be practised and the support of systems for working womens breast-feeding such as installation of nursery in work place are needed. Thirdly, continuous publicity and education for natural delivery inducement is necessary, and for the ones who chose Caesarean section, recommendation of breast-feeding is also needed. Fourth, for breast-feeding within fastest time after delivery, rooming-in required and legal and systematic support is also needed. Lastly, in the governmental level, publicity for breast-feeding and breast-feeding recommending programs that promotes 10 rules for successful breast-feeding bringing-up, provided by UNISEF and WHO, are to be provided.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2010

물류시설은 층고가 높고 구조가 단순하며, 투자회수를 위한 조속한 운영이 필요하기 때문에 공기단축이 절실한 특징이 있다. 이에 따라 인력 및 원가절감, 공기단축을 기대할 수 있는 PC공법의 사용은 RC조에 비해 경쟁력을 확보할 수 있다. 그러나 국내의 시공사들은 RC공법에 익숙해져 있어, PC공법에 대한 부정적 인식이 팽배하며, 새로운 공법적용에 대한 노력이 미흡한 문제점이 있다. 본 연구의 사례현장은 단위기둥의 높이가 14m로 동일한 규격의 장주(長柱)가 110본 소요되는 현장으로 RC공법을 이용할 경우 시공성, 경제성, 공사기간, 안전성등의 문제발생이 예상된다. 따라서 본 연구는 RC조로 계획된 물류창고 현장을 PC공법으로 시공하여 인력 및 원가절감, 공기단축효과를 비교분석하고, 개선효과를 제시하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 향후 본 연구의 결과물은 물류시설 시공 시공기단축, 품질 및 시공성 향상, 안전성향상, 원가절감효과를 가져올 신공법개발 연구의 기초자료로 사용될 것으로 사료된다.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제26집
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• pp.183-214
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to promote the understanding of the objective of Daesoon Thought through 'examining the Objectives of Daesoonjinrihoe.' The objective of Daesoon thought was set when Kang Jeungsan Sangje descended to human world, upon the plea of divine sages, buddhas, and bodhisattvas, and determined to save the world and relieve people far and wide. For building an Earthly Paradise with Daesoon thought, Sangje carried out the great work of Reordering of the Universe for nine years and passed into heaven. Cho Jeongsan Doju, who received the heavenly religious orthodox through divine revelation from Sangje, served the late will of Sangje and established Main Tenets, Creeds, and objective of Daesoon thought. The objective set by Doju was continued to Park Wudang Dojeon and formed the Objectives of Daesoonjinrihoe. The Objectives of Daesoonjinrihoe consist of three sets of objectives in sequential order, which are related in organic, mutual beneficient, and integrative with one another. The Objectives starts from individual cultivation and expand into worldly reformation: 1)one's Spiritual transformation through Guarding against self-deception 2)Renewal of human beings through Realizing Earthly Immortality 3)Opening of new world through Building of Earthly Paradise. Also, in these Objectives of Daesoonjinrihoe, Three Realms of Heaven, Earth, and Humanity keep close relations to enter into new world. These Objectives are based on the 'thought of mutual beneficence' and are realized with Daesoon thought, which is the Dao of 'Crowned King' that goes beyond the previous thoughts of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Objectives of Daesoonjinrihoe have following details in each objective as following; (1) 'Guarding against self-deception-Spiritual Transformation' is for human nature. In Daesoon thought, human has the potential to restore conscience, which is true nature, and return to undefiled essence by 'guarding against self-deception'. In other words, it views that one can reach into the stage of spiritual alignment with the Dao once he recovers conscience through cultivation of Daesoonjinrihoe based on the idea of 'Guarding against self-deception'. (2) 'Realizing Earthly Immortality-Renewal of human beings' is for ideal human character. 'Realizing Earthly Immortality' in Daesoon Thought indicates the advent of ideal human beings called 'Dotong gunja'(virtuous beings who are aligned with the Dao). They are leaders who integrate politics and religion in helping people to renew themselves and make the world into Earthly Paradise. (3) 'Building an Earthly Paradise-Opening of new world' is for ideal society. Daesoon thought aims to making a peaceful world by creating an ideal society of heaven on this earth. Park Wudang Dojeon, who led Daesoonjinrihoe, emphasized the importance of Three Basic Activities: Spreading of Sangje's virtue, Edification, and Cultivation: and Three Major Activities: Aid and charity, Social welfare, and Education. Dojeon said "One should make effort to reach the utmost goodness through enlightening their bright virtue and cultivating their talent virtue." In this words, he made clear that the Objectives of Daesoonjinrihoe can be realized when people enlighten their bright virtue and cultivate themselves with their talent virtue. In conclusion, the Objectives of Daesoon thought were clarified of their meanings by Sangje, established into laws by Doju, and actualized by Dojoen in various activities of Daesoonjinrihoe.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1295-1301
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• 2015

Background: Cancer imposes a significant economic burden on individuals, families and society. The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic burden of cancer using the healthcare claims and cancer registry data in Korea in 2009. Materials and Methods: The economic burden of cancer was estimated using the prevalence data where patients were identified in the Korean Central Cancer Registry. We estimated the medical, non-medical, morbidity and mortality cost due to lost productivity. Medical costs were calculated using the healthcare claims data obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance (KNHI) Corporation. Non-medical costs included the cost of transportation to visit health providers, costs associated with caregiving for cancer patients, and costs for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). Data acquired from the Korean National Statistics Office and Ministry of Labor were used to calculate the life expectancy at the time of death, age- and gender-specific wages on average, adjusted for unemployment and labor force participation rate. Sensitivity analysis was performed to derive the current value of foregone future earnings due to premature death, discounted at 3% and 5%. Results: In 2009, estimated total economic cost of cancer amounted to $17.3 billion at a 3% discount rate. Medical care accounted for 28.3% of total costs, followed by non-medical (17.2%), morbidity (24.2%) and mortality (30.3%) costs. Conclusions: Given that the direct medical cost sharply increased over the last decade, we must strive to construct a sustainable health care system that provides better care while lowering the cost. In addition, a comprehensive cancer survivorship policy aimed at lower caregiving cost and higher rate of return to work has become more important than previously considered.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2004년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.553-561
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• 2004

20세기 이후 우리의 경우는 숨가쁘게 유입되는 세계문화와 기존 우리 문화와의 소화 불량적 만남으로 혼돈의 문화를 이룩하였으며, 반도체 수출이나 IT산업에 있어서, 최강의 기술력 보유국(保有國)이라는 자리를 점유하면서도 공허한 심정을 떨칠 수 없게 되었다. 그러한 한국의 현대사와 동시대적 상황 가운데 작금의 현실을 살아가는 우리들은 정치적, 사회적, 문화적 측면에서 혼돈과 현기증을 복합적으로 체감하게 된다. 대중화(大衆化), 소비화(消費化)된 사회는 경제력 향상을 초래(招來)하였으나 그 출발은 익명(匿名)의 대중출현에 의해 가능했으며, 군중(群衆) 속에서의 고독, 소외(疏外), 익명성(匿名性), 몰개성성(沒個性性), 문화의 상품화(商品化) 등의 삶을 동반하고 있다. 본인의 작품에는 이와 같은 사회 현상(現想)들이 도시적 인간상을 통해 드러난다. 소비문화에 노출된 채 그것이 내뿜는 시각 이미지와 유혹에 포위되어 살아가는 인간은 끊임없는 소유욕(所有慾)에 둘러싸여 자신의 가치를 높이기 위한 모든 것을 공간 안에 가둔다. 이들은 몰개성화된 모습으로, 때로는 동물인지 사람인지 알아볼 수 없는 형상으로 도시의 공간에 존재한다. 이는 산업화된 도시의 파괴되어가는 자연 환경을 고발하기 위한 하나의 상징체(象徵體)로서 인간의 소유욕(所有慾)안에 속해있는 제 3의 존재이며 도심속에 갇혀 사는 우리들의 초상화(肖像畵)인 것이다. 본인은 위와 같은 형상을 통하여 현대 도시문명의 현실 속을 살아가는 인간의 객관적 삶과, 익명성(匿名性)에 묻혀 표현되지 못한 욕구와 감정의 대립을 분석해 봄으로써 우리들이 가져야 할 자생성(自生性)과 정체성(停滯性)을 제시하고자 한다.eferences.촉진, 중요 연구 주제의 도출 및 연구 진행 계획을 수립하고, 국제적 산학 협력 강화를 통해 공동 연구를 도출하는 자리를 마련함. $\textbullet$본 학술회의에서 발표된 논문들을 취합하여, 논문집 및 CD-ROM을 제작하여 세계적 수준의 연구 결과를 알리고 이 분야에 관련된 학문, 기술 발전에 큰 도움이 됨.emove effectively radioactivity with in Adsorbent. As cleaning heavy water adsorbent and drying on each condition (temperature for drying and hours for cleaning). Because there is something to return heavy water adsorbent by removing impurities within adsorbent when it is dried o high temperature. After operating, we have been applying this research to the way to dispose heavy water adsorbent. Through this we could reduce solid waste products and the expense of permanent disposal of radioactive waste products and also we could contribute nuclear power plant run safely. According to the result we could keep the best condit

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.664-677
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for the development of educational material in Korean for patient3 being discharge after open heart surgery. The subjects were 45 adult patients who were seen in the out -patient department of the thoracic surgery unit of P University hospital between February 1993 and May 1993. The data were collected through a chart review and interview. Nursing needs, and the patients status related to diet, activity, medication, physical and psychoemotional limitations were analyzed. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. Mitral valve replacement was the most frequent type of surgery(91.2%). In most cases, a mechanical valve was used (91.0%) . The duration of admission after the operation was two to four weeks for most of the patients(48.9%). The follow-up period was between one and two years for 28.9% of the patients and below 6 years for all of the patients. 2. Many Patients didn’t know the importance of a low salt diet(57.8%), and did not get any education on low salt diet (66.7%). Gimchi was included as one of the most commonly ingested foods (77.8%). All of the patients indicated nursing needs related to education about low salt diets and further they indicated a major interest in foods that are harmful (57.7%) or foods that are safe(51.1% ). 3. Most patients did not recognize the need for limitations on physical activity(84.4%). Further, 31.1％ of them could not return to work at the time of the study. All patients had nursing needs related to physical activity, with the most frequent questions being about the permissble degree of activity and special cautions dictated by their illness (60.0%). 4. Many patients were ignorant of the necessity of medication(55.6%) . Forty percent of the patients were taking additional drugs, usually herb drugs. The time and duration of medication and the side effects of drugs were common concerns (57.7%) related to nursing. needs about medication and were mentioned by all of the patients. 5. All of the patients complained of physical discomfort including the following : memory disturbance(62.2%), weight gain(60.0%), chest tightness (55.6%), hair loss(51.1%), sleep disturbance(46.7%) and other symptoms in that order of frequency. Nursing needs related to physical condition were a concern for all of them. The viability and function of the replaced valve(53.3%) and weight gain(60.0%) were mal or concerns. 6. Looking at their psychoemotional condition it was found that 36 patients(80.0%) were emotionally unstable. The causes were physical discomfort(17 patients), insufficient knowlege of open heart surgery(6 patients), fear of death(6 patients), familial over protection(2 patients ) and lack of support (5 patients).

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제39권
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• pp.26.1-26.10
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• 2017

Background: The impairment of the appearance is a major problem for patients with carcinomas of the oral cavity. These patients want to recover their preoperative facial appearance. Some do not realize that this is not always possible and hence develop a desire for further cosmetic and reconstructive surgery (CRS) which often causes psychological problems. Method: The desire of patients for CRS (N = 410; 26%) has been acquired in this $D{\ddot{O}}SAK$ rehab study including multiple reasons such as medical, functional, aesthetic and psychosocial aspects. They relate to the parameters of diagnosis, treatment and postoperative rehabilitation. Patients without the wish for CRS (N = 1155; 74%) served as control group. For the surgeons, knowledge of the patient's views is relevant in the wish for CRS. Nevertheless, it has hardly been investigated for patients postoperatively to complete resection of oral cancer. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, questionnaires with 147 variables were completed during control appointments. Thirty-eight departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery took part, and 1652 German patients at least 6 months after complete cancer resection answered the questions. Additionally, a physician's questionnaire (N = 1489) was available. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS vers. 22. Results: The patient's assessment of their appearance and scarring are the most important criteria resulting in wishes for CRS. Furthermore, functional limitations such as eating/swallowing, pain of the facial muscles, numb regions in the operating field, dealing with the social environment, return to work, tumour size and location, removal and reconstruction are closely related. Conclusion: The wish for CRS depends on diverse functional psychosocial and psychological parameters. Hence, it has to be issued during conversation to improve rehabilitation. A decision on the medical treatment can be of greater satisfaction if the surgeon knows the patients' needs and is able to compare them with the medical capabilities. The informed consent between doctor and patient in regard to these findings is necessary.