• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.68-75
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of the 4+5th extensor compartmental artery pedicled vascularized bone graft in advanced Lichtman stage III Kienbock's disease. Materials and Methods: Eight patients with advanced Lichtman stage III Kienbock's disease who underwent the 4+5th extensor compartmental artery pedicled vascularized bone graft and followed up more than 1 year were analyzed retrospectively. There were 3 men and 5 women. The mean age was 43.6 years old. Two patients were Lichtman stage IIIA and six patients were IIIB. The clinical outcomes were evaluated with radiocarpal joint pain, range of motion, grip strength, carpal-height ratio, radioscaphoid angle, return to daily living activity and/or work. The mean follow up period was 38.5 months (range from 12 to 86 months). Results: On last follow up, the pain was disappeared in 6 patients, and mild occasional pain was remained in 2 patients. Mean radiocarpal joint flexion and extension were 55 degrees and 60 degrees, 87% and 88% of the normal side, respectively. The carpal-height ratio was maintained or improved in 6 patients and slightly decreased in 2 patients. Radioscaphoid angle were improved or maintained in 7 patients. Mean grip strength was 67 lb, 93% of the normal side. All 8 patients returned to daily living activities and/or their previous works. Conclusion: The 4+5th extensor compartmental artery pedicled vascularized bone graft prevented the progression of disease and provided clinical improvement even in advanced Lichtman stage III Kienbock's disease.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2003년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.88-92
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 Al 하부전극 상에서 RF magnetron sputtering 기술을 이용한 ZnO 박막 증착 및 공정온도가 ZnO 결정성장에 미치는 영향을 고려하여 제작한 FBAR 소자에 대한 연구를 발표한다. 결과적으로, 20$0^{\circ}C$의 공정온도에서 주상형 결정립(columnar grain)을 가지고 c축 우선 배향된 ZnO 박막을 얻을 수 있었다. 이렇게 얻은 ZnO 박막을 FBAR 소자에 적용하여 제작한 결과, 2.05GHz의 공진 주파수에서 ~19.5dB의 반사손실을 보였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.347-357
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• 1996

Although occupational low back pain accounts for $20\sim40%$ of all occupational illness and injury, there are limited numbers of studies regarding the effectiveness of back school program. The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic benefit of back school program for early return to work of occupational low back pain patients in the current occupational injury compensation and management system. The cost-benefit analysis in this study was conducted to evaluate the relative magnitude of benefit to cost. The total cost was estimated by calculating the value of components in back school program according to governmental budget protocol. The back school program was consisted of three major approaches, pain center, work-hardening program and funcional restoration program and each of components had various facilities and experts. The total amount of cost was estimated as 250,866,220 won per year. The most promising type of back school program were quite intensive (a 3 to 5-week stay in a specialized center), therefore, if we adopted the 5-week stay course, 10 courses could be held in a year. Following to the medical act, 20 patients per doctor could participate in a each course, ie, total 200 patients in a year. As a result, we could estimate the cost of 1,254,331 won a patient. We estimated the benefit by using data of a few local labor offices about average medical treatment beneficiary and off-duty beneficiary of 46 occupational low back pain patients in 1994. Ullman and Larsson (1977) mentioned that the group of chronic low back pain patients who participated in back school program needed less time to recover by 48.4% of beneficiary duration. And in the trying to estimate the benefit, we asked 10 rehabilitation board certificate doctors about reduction proportion of treatment cost by introducing back school program. The answered reduction proportions were in the range of $30\sim45%$, average 39%. As a final result, we could see that the introduction of back school program in treatment of chronic occupational low back pain patients could produce the benefit to cost ratio as 3.90 and 6.28. And we could conclude that the introduction of back school program was beneficial to current occupational injury compensation and management system.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.562-571
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to assess dietitian's awareness and performance with regard to food suppliers' selection guidelines and purchase guidelines for the receipt of safe food materials. A questionnaire was administered to 203 dietitians working at an elementary school in Gyeonggi North province, and 190 responses were ultimately returned. Excluding responses with incomplete answers and significant missing data, 161 responses(79.3%) were ultimately utilized for data analysis. We determined that meat/poulty and seafood were purchased mainly by manufacturer's branch(59.8% and 78.3%), and processed food and kimchi were generally purchased by producer's cooperatives(47.7% and 44.9%). 78.3% of the contracts were made via informal purchasing and the frequency of contracts was less than 3 times per year(53.4%). Market studies were conducted individually(54.7%), and by group(47.2%). Dietitian and parents volunteered(50.3%) or dietitians, and school and foodservice staffs(45.3%) participated - together in receiving and inspection. School contracted with $4{\sim}5$(39.1%) and $6{\sim}8$ food suppliers(29.8%). Dietitians(42.3%) or school councils(40.2%) evaluated food suppliers once per semester(60.2%). The majority of dietitians(96.3%) conducted sanitary education for food suppliers once per semester (68.3%). All 13 guidelines which were usually used to evaluate food suppliers were thought to be important(more than 4) based on a 5 scale(1: never important, 5: very important). Among them, 'sanitary storage status of food products(4.85)', 'have a chill car(4.83)' and 'proper control of refrigerator, freezer and storage room(4.81)' were the most crucial guidelines. As dietitians evaluated food supplier's-observances of 13 guidelines, 'have a chill car(4.89)', 'hold medical examination of employees(4.89)' and 'hold liability insurance for handling product(4.80)' were fulfilled relatively well. The guidelines for conducting education for their employees(4.45) and keeping their establishment and equipment sanitary(4.79) were important, but were not observed well(3.39 and 3.37). Additionally, the difference between the importance and the observance score of the 'HACCP certificate' were fairly significant(4.44 and 3.54). Dietitians tended to report that purchasing management related to the removal of foodborne illness factors(4.71), return confirmation(4.50) and purchase specification(4.32) were important. The difference between importance and performance was highest in the process of changing food suppliers when the contracts were violated more than three times. Dietitian's age, education work experience and employment type had no observable effects on how important they considered purchase management to be, but their work experience significantly affected performance in terms of the removal of foodborne illness factors(p<0.05). As supplier management is the most critical factor, it is clearly desirable to educate suppliers at specialized training centers and to supervise suppliers in accordance with the established sanitary guidelines.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제97권3호
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• pp.305-315
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 최근 새로운 환경보전 정책수단으로 부상하고 있는 환경서비스 지불제의 개념과 유형을 소개하고, 산림유전자원보호림을 대상으로 국내 적용 가능한 생물다양성서비스 지불제를 설계하는 동시에 제도의 정착과 효율적 운영을 위한 정책방안 및 향후과제를 도출하는 데 있다. 환경서비스 지불제는 자발적 계약을 기반으로 서비스 이용자가 공급자에게 사용의 대가를 지불하는 것을 골자로 하고 있으며 효율적인 보호지역 관리로의 유도라는 목적을 가지고 있다. 지불제는 2006년 현재 지정되어 있는 산림유전자원보호림 중 지정수종이 소나무인 경우(943ha)를 대상으로 설계하였다. 계약에 참여한 산주는 계약서에 명시된 대로 건강한 산림생태계 유지를 위한 관리사업을 이행하여야 하며 관리에 소요된 비용을 지급받는다. 지불액은 보상에 기반하여 보호림 관리의 실질비용(관리 및 모니터링 비용)과 행위제한으로 인한 기회비용에 근거하여 산정하였으며, 총지불액은 1,140,378원/년/ha으로 산출되었다. 한편 장기적인 제도의 정착을 위해서는 산림생물다양성과 관리사업간의 상관관계, 산림생물다양성 서비스의 경제적 가치 등에 대한 기초연구가 뒷받침 되어야 하며, 이해당사자를 중심으로 한 인식제고 등이 지속적으로 추진되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the needs and improvement measures of the risk assessment system through a survey of asbestos abatement companies. Methods: This study prepared a questionnaire that includes improvement measures for the risk assessment system(six questions) and the necessity of a risk assessment system for asbestos abatement(one question). The questionnaire was sent to 2,170 asbestos abatement companies and returned by 83 companies(return rate = 3.8%). We conducted frequency analysis, ANOVA, and Chi-squared testing at the 5% significance level. Results: This study analyzed the survey results and identified six main opinions on the risk assessment system and improvement measures. First, giving an advantage to companies with a high grade(S and A grades) in public bidding and/or qualification screening showed a similar preference(agree: 50.6%, disagree: 49.4%). Second, 57.6% of the respondents wanted to allow air showers along with water showers for low risk asbestos work. However, 23.2% of the respondents asserted that only a water shower should be allowed since there is no scientific evidence supporting the removal of asbestos by air shower. Third, in order to prevent missing the enrollment of workers, simply submitting a change report should be allowed when any worker is changed (40.0%). Fourth, 43% of the respondents answered that they did not know how to calculate the proper number of negative pressure units. The reasons given were a lack of guidelines or standards(38.9%), inconvenience (36.1%), and absence of education(25%). Fifth, the respondents who were favorable toward the necessity of a risk assessment system gave higher scores compared to unfavorable respondents on the necessity of the management of workers' work history(favorable respondent = 3.96 out of 5, unfavorable respondent = 2.68) and the necessity of professional training for workers(favorable respondent = 3.71, unfavorable respondent = 2.56). Finally, the respondents favorable toward a risk assessment system showed higher scores on the awareness of calculating the proper number of negative pressure units(4.79) compared to unfavorable respondents(3.3). Conclusions: The opinions of asbestos abatement companies identified through the survey in this study can be usefully utilized as fundamental information to improve the risk assessment system.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.544-554
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• 2008

히스토그램은 데이타베이스 시스템에서 질의 결과 크기를 추정하는 데 널리 이용되고 있다. 히스토그램 기법에서 질의 결과 크기에 대한 추정은 각 버킷 영역 내의 객체들이 균등하게 분포한다는 가정하에 이루어진다. 그러나, 주어진 질의 영역 내의 객체들은 균등하게 분포하지 않을 수 있다. 다시 말해서, 버킷 영역 내에 높은 밀도의 객체 군집 즉 클러스터가 존재할 수 있으며 이로 인하여 히스토그램의 정확도가 현저히 저하될 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 히스토그램의 정확도를 향상시키는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 클러스터를 고려한 새로운 히스토그램 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 주어진 데이타 분포내에 존재하는 고 밀도 영역을 탐색하고 이를 히스토그램 생성에 활용한다. 제안하는 기법은 클러스터에 의한 정확도 저하를 효과적으로 감소시킴으로써 데이타가 균등하게 분포하지 않은 상황에서 향상된 성능을 제공할 수 있다. 실험을 통해 본 연구는 제안하는 기법이 기존 기법의 성능을 최대 74% 향상시킴을 확인하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TE
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.70-78
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• 2000

초전도체를 초고주파 소자에 응용하려고 할 경우, 초전도 전자기학의 불확실함이나 초전도 기판의 돈도 의존성은 산업 응용을 위한 안테나를 제작하는데 있어 어려움을 준다. 따라서 실제 응용을 위해서는 일반 안테나와 비교하여 정확하고 자세한 특성이 알려져야만 한다. 본 논문에서는 금 안테나와 초전도 안테나의 비교 연구를 수행하였으며 반사 손실, 특성임피던스, 효율 및 다른 다양한 특성들을 보고하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 고온초전도 박막은 $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ (YBCO)/MgO 이며 초전도 안테나는 마이크로스트립 급전선을 방사 패치의 50 ${\Omega}$ 영역에 결합시키는 형태로 만들어졌다. 금 안테나와 초전도 안테나의 측정 결과는 이러한 구조를 이용하여 유용한 안테나가 제작될 수 있음을 보여주었다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2022

In this paper, a high gain, broadband planar vivaldi antenna (PVA) by utilizing a broadband stripline feed is developed for wireless communication for IoT systems. The suggested antenna is designed by attaching a tapered-slot construction to a typical vivaldi antenna, which improves the antenna's radiation properties. The PVA is constructed on a low-cost FR4 substrate. The dimensions of the patch are 1.886λ₀×1.42λ₀×0.026λ₀, dielectric constant Ɛ_r=4.4, and loss tangent δ=0.02. The width of the feed line is reduced to improve the impedance bandwidth of the antenna. The computed reflection coefficient findings show that the suggested antenna has a 46.2% wider relative bandwidth calculated at a 10 dB return loss. At the resonance frequencies of 6.5 GHz, the studied results show an optimal gain of 5.82 dBi and 85% optimal radiation efficiency at the operable band. The optometric analysis of the proposed structure shows that the proposed antenna can achieve wide enough bandwidth at the desired frequency and hence make the designed antenna appropriate to work in satellite communication and medical internet of things (M-IoT) healthcare applications.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.335-339
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• 2023

It is undeniable that a significant number of patients who want to improve their facial appearance is increasingly interested in nonsurgical procedures. Without a doubt, the use of autologous fat could not be left out as a magnificent alternative for nasal modeling simply because of four influential factors: ease of collection, compatibility, the temporality of the results, and safety. This work describes an innovative alternative technique for nasal modeling using micrografts enriched with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). With this technique, fat was collected and divided into two samples, nanofat and microfat. Nanofat was used to isolate the ASCs; microfat was enriched with ASCs and used for nasal modeling. Lipoinjection was performed in a supraperiosteal plane on the nasal dorsum. Through a retrolabial access, the nasal tip and base of the columella were lipoinjected. We consider that nonsurgical nasal modeling using micrografts enriched with ASCs can be an attractive and innovative alternative. This technique will never be a substitute for surgical rhinoplasty. It can be performed in a minor procedure area with rapid recovery and return to the patient's daily activities the next day. If necessary, the procedure can be repeated.