• 제목/요약/키워드: Return to the Origin

검색결과 35건 처리시간 0.02초

종이 의상에 관한 연구 - 수제지를 중심으로 - (A Study on the Paper Clothing -on the basis of handmade paper-)

  • 이주실;김정혜
    • 복식
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    • 제44권
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    • pp.181-199
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    • 1999
  • The industry of modern clothing has deviated from the overflow of commercialism and the standardization and nowadays is going toward pursuing art, creativity, and high added value. This trend brings the return of the natural materials from the synthetic textiles and increases the value of old and handmade fabrics. Finally, the handmade-paper, which is a natural material, comes to be reconsidered as a new material for the clothing. Therefore, as the natural materials and the manufacture of handmade clothing are rising again, the qualitative improvement and globalization of clothing industry should be first realized through the developments of creative and various clothing materials and new expressing techniques. The above investigation and study have been synthesized and analyzed as follows: First, through the study on the origin of the paper clothing, its historical background and the process of its development, we've learned these two facts following : the paper clothing of the East in the past mostly had practiced meanings. On the other hand, in the West it had meanings which were raised the artist's emotions and beauty-consciousness to the artistic level by the various kinds of expressing methods. Second, handmade-paper was manufactured by the embedding method, which mixed mulberry pulp, gauze, corn, hair, sisal, silk and so on. It was found that handmade-paper had the affluent and proper texture as the clothing material and was be able to control the clarity through the variation of thickness. It was also confirmed that the creative and original texture with hand-worked molding beauty was obtained by the use of handmade-paper. Third, when the handmade-paper is used, the molding beauty of plane, relievo, and solid can be freely pursued, and various and effective molding conformation can be constructed by the effect of superposition and repetition. Also, because the maximum discretion from the various optional manufacturing methods is allowed, the molding beauty can be maximized when the clothes are manufactured with handmade-paper. Fourth, the gauze with strong drape was combined to overcome the stiffness and the tearing of the paper. As a result, the durability and the wearability of the paper were strengthened and thus the thus the applications as the clothing material were enlarged. In conclusion, in order to enhance the value, creativity, practicality, and artistic sense of the design for modern clothing, the clothes made of handmade-paper should be more studied. Moreover, for the generalization of paper clothes, the studies on the development of practical paper with paper with water resistance, post-treatment after dyeing, flexibility, and durability should be done. I really hope that this study will be the motive to provoke the possibility of handmade-paper as new clothing material in not only practical sense but also artistic sense.

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관찰 예능의 장르화 과정과 스토리텔링 연구 -관찰자의 역할을 중심으로 (A Study on the Formative Process of Genre and Storytelling in Observation Entertainment Programs - Focusing on the Role of Observer)

  • 이현중
    • 대중서사연구
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.217-245
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    • 2019
  • 최근 5년 사이 한국 방송의 관찰 예능 편중 현상이 심화되었다. 그에 따라 한국 관찰 예능 특유의 소재인 '가족', 그리고 엿보기, 관음증과 같은 키워드들이 주목받기도 했다. 본 논문은 그러한 사회학적 접근이 아닌 장르와 스토리텔링이라는 문화콘텐츠, 서사학적 관점을 바탕으로 관찰 예능을 분석한다. 관찰 예능의 텍스트 내적 성질 파악을 통해 방송콘텐츠로써 관찰 예능이 지닌 가치를 탐색할 수 있다고 판단했기 때문이다. 한국 관찰 예능의 원류는 리얼 버라이어티로부터 시작한다. 리얼 버라이어티의 '사실성' 논쟁을 거치며, 그 대안적 형태로서 관찰 예능이 등장했다. 화면의 객관성을 최대한 보장하는 다큐멘터리적 양식의 이입, 다수의 출연자를 개별적으로 분리한 옴니버스식 구성, '일상'을 주 공간으로 선정해 시청자의 공감을 끌어내는 전략 등은 관찰 예능에 일관된 패턴을 만들며 하나의 장르화를 이끌었다. 특히 '관찰자'는 관찰 예능의 장르화에 있어 핵심적 요소로 기여했다. 관찰자의 성격화에 따라 프로그램의 주제가 결정되었고, 그에 따른 개별 텍스트 포맷의 변별성이 만들어진다. 관찰자는 관찰 대상을 지켜보는 '관찰자'로서 시청자의 시점을 결정하는 역할을 하고, 동시에 '서술자'로서 프로그램의 서사를 구축하는 역할을 수행한다. 관찰 예능의 스토리텔링에 있어서 가장 영향력 있는 존재이자 요소로 기능하는 것이다. 관찰 예능에서 '관찰'은 하나의 형식일 뿐이다. 이 동일 형식 안에서 서사성을 만들고 텍스트별 변별성을 만들어 내는 프로그램 요소는 관찰자이다. 또한 그동안 관찰 예능과 같은 리얼리티 쇼의 주된 명제는 관음의 문제였는데, 관찰자에 의해 걸러진 서술과 전달은 리얼리티 쇼의 선정성 문제, 관음의 문제도 상당 부분 완화시킨다. 이처럼 관찰자를 통해 분석되는 관찰 예능은 TV 속 '리얼리티'의 문화적 의미, 현대 한국 TV 예능 장르의 스토리텔링 전략을 이해하고 예측할 수 있게 한다는 점에서 의의를 찾을 수 있다.

고려의 원시영역 유목초지, 그 부르칸(불함)이즘과 한국축산의 비전 (Burqanism from the Origin of the Pastoral Nomadic Koryo Region and the Vision of Korean Livestock Farming)

  • 주채혁
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.71-82
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    • 2005
  • Khori(高麗) refers to the Chaabog(reindeer) that live on lichens(蘚) on Mt. Soyon(鮮) in which pastures are the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia. Thus, the origin region of the Khori or Koguryo that are the ancestors of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads(馴鹿 遊牧民) can be said to be the Steppe-Taiga-Tundra pastoral areas of North Eurasia and North America. When the pastoral nomads moved on to the great mountain(大山) zone of the Jangbaek(長白) to the Baekdu(白頭) Mountains, they could have been in contact with pastoral farmers or agricultural farmers living there and they became the farmers remaining on agricultural farms. They were the Koryo people, the ancestors of Korea. Staying in one place, they gradually forgot the origin of their reindeer-herding pastoral nomadic history in the Northwest area of Mt. Soyon, the small mountain(小山) zone of the Steppe-Taiga-Tundra pastoral areas. In other words, they lost their identity as reindeer-herding pastoral nomads when they entered the agricultural area after leaving the pastoral area. However, since their basic genes had already formed when they lived on the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia, it is possible to study their pastoral nomadic history focusing on 'the minority living in the broad area(廣域少數)', by utilizing highly advanced biotechnological science and focusing on genes and information technology innovation, and removing various past hindrances in research. Therefore, it is not so difficult to restore the reindeerherding pastoral nomadic history of the Koguryo(高句麗) people and secure their pastoral nomadic identity, of which the first steps have already been taken into their historical stages. The Eurasian continent and the Korean peninsula, especially the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia and the Korean peninsula have been closely related to each other ecologically and historically. They can never be a separate space at all. The Eurasian continent lies horizontally east to west and thus, the continent forms an isothermal zone. Also, since the time of producing their own foods, it was relatively easy for people with their technology to move to other places owing to the pastoral nomadic characteristic of mobility. Unlike the Chungyen(中原) region, western Asia and the regions covering the Siberia-Manchu-Korean peninsula where food production revolution was first made were connected to the Mongolian lichens route(蘚苔之路: Ni, ukinii jam) and steppe roads. Although the ecological conditions of nature have changed a bit throughout a long history, it was natural for the many tribes in North Asia living on the largest Steppe-Taiga-Tundra area in the world to have believed 'the legends related to animals in relation to their founders and ancestors(獸祖傳說)'. Assuming that Siberian tigers and the tigers living on Mt. Baekdu were connected ecologically and genetically because of the ecological characteristics of the animals, and their migration from plateau to plateau, we would suspect that the Chosun(朝鮮) tribe living on Mt. Baekdu were ethnically and culturally more closely connected to the farther removed Ural-Altai tribes that lived on the cold and dry plateau region than to the Han(i14;) tribe who lived in Chungyen(中原) that was close to Mt. Baekdu. More evidence is the structure of the Korean language which has the form of 'Subject + Object + Verb', which is assumed to have originated from the speedy lifestyle of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads. The structure is quite different from that of the Han(漢) language, which is based on agricultural life. Also, it is natural for reindeer riding reindeerherding pastoral nomads or horse-riding sheep-herding pastoral nomads(騎馬, 羊遊牧民) to have held military and political power over the region and eventually to have established an ancient pastoral nomadic empire in the process of their conquest of agricultural regions. The stages for founding global empires in the history of mankind maybe largely divided into two, in terms of ecological conditions and occupations. They are the steppes and the oceans. Of course, the steppe-based empires were established based on the skills to deal with horses and the ability to shoot arrows while riding horses, along with the use of iron ware in the 8th century BC. The steppe-based empires became the foundation for an oceanic empire, which could have been established by the use of warships and warship guns since the 15th Century. Based on those facts, we know that Chosun, Puyo(夫餘), and Koguryo are the products of a developmental process of pastoral nomadic empires on the steppes. Maybe we can easily find the pastoral nomadic identity of the Koguryo more than we expected when we trace the origins and history of the Korean tribe living in the pastures located in the northwest area of Mt. Jangbaek by focusing on pastoral nomadic mobility and organization just as we have investigated the historic origins of Anglo-Saxons in America by focusing on the times before the 15th Century. In the process, we should keep in mind that English culture originated from the Industrial Revolution and was directly delivered to the American continent, although America was far from England and was not an intermediate point on long sojourns either. Further, American culture came back to England in a more advanced form later. The most important thing currently to be resolved is to cause Koreans to look back on their own history in a freer way of thinking and with diverse, profound, and sharp insight, taking away the old and existing conventional recognition that is entangled with complicated interests with Korean people and other countries. The meanings of Chosun, Khori, and Solongos have been interpreted arbitrarily without any historic evidence by the scholars who followed conventional tradition of fixed-minded aristocrats in an agricultural society. If the Siberian cultural properties of the stone age, the earthenware age, the bronze age, and the iron age are analyzed in such a way, archaeological discovery will never be able to contribute to the restoration of the Koguryo's pastoral nomadic identity. One should transcend the errors that tend to interpret the cultural properties discovered in the pastoral nomadic regions as not being differentiated from those of agricultural regions and just interpret them altogether from the agricultural point of view. A more careful intention is required in the interpretation of cultural properties of ancient Korean empires that seem to have been formed due to mutual interactions of pastoral nomadic and agricultural cultures. Also, it is required that the conventional recognition chain of 'reverse-genes' be severed, which has placed more weight on agricultural properties than pastoral nomadic ones, since their settlement on agricultural farms was made after the establishment of their ancient pastoral nomadic empires. There is no reason at all to place priority on stoneware, earthenware, bronze ware, and iron ware than on wooden ware(木器) and other ware which were made of animal skins(皮器), bones and horns(骨角器), in analyzing the history in the regions of reindeer or sheep pastures. Reading ancient Korean history from the perspective of pastoral nomadic history, one feels strongly the instinctive emotions to return to the natural 'mother place'. The reindeer-herding pastoral nomadic identity of the Koguryo people that has been accumulated in volumes in their genes and hidden deep inside and have interacted organically could be reborn with Burqanism(Burqan refers to 不咸 in Chinese), which was their religion by birth and symbolized as the red willow(紅柳=不咸). The mother place of the Koguryo's people is the endless vast green pastures of North Eurasia and North America, where we anticipated the development of Korean livestock farming following the inherent properties in the genes of the reindeer-herding pastoral nomads with Korean ancestors. We anticipate that the place would be the core resource that could contribute to the development of life of living creatures following the inherent properties of their genes and biotechnological factors. In other words, biotechnology used for a search for clues on the well-being of humans could be the fruit brought by Burqanism of the Koguryo people and the fruit of the globalization of Korean livestock farming. It is the Chosun farmer in China come from the vast nomadic reindeer pastures of North Eurasia that resolved the food problem of a billion Chinese people with lowland paddy rice seeds (水稻) by transforming Heilongjiang Province(黑龍江省) into an oceanic lowland paddy rice field(水田). Even Mao Tse-tung(毛擇東) could not resolve the food problem by his revolution campaigns for tens of years. Today is the very time that requires the development of special livestock farming following the inherent properties of the ancient Korean reindeer-herding pastoral nomads that respected the dignity of life on the cold and dry plateau of North Eurasia and the America continent. I suggest that research should be started from the pastures of the Dariganga Steppe in East Mongolia that was the homeland of Hanwoo(韓牛) and the central horse-herding steppe place(牧馬場) of Chingis Khan's Mongolia. The Dariganga Steppe is awash with an affluent natural environment for pastoral nomadic living however, the quality of life of the pastoral nomads there is still low. I suggest we Koreans, the descendents of the Koguryo, should take our first steps for our livestock farming business project and develop the Northern nomadic pastures, here at the pastures of the Dariganga Steppe, which is the Mongolian core place of state-of-the-art technology for military weapons.

중국 하북성 마을제 연구 - 하북성조현범장이월이룡패회중룡신적여인(河北省趙縣范庄二月二龍牌會中龍神的與人) - (A Study of Local Festival for the China Hebeisheng)

  • 박광준
    • 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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    • 제36권
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    • pp.347-377
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    • 2003
  • China is a country with large agricultural areas and subject to frequent calamities. Drought is the top of them. It has been a key problem for development of agriculture in the country. In the long struggle against drought, Chinese have accumulated many rational and irrational experiences. The Dragon Kings Belief, which is popular in North China and discussed in a thesis, is one of their irrational experiences. The belief was passed together with Buddhism from India to China in the Tang Dynasty. After it settled down, it was incorporated with the local five dragons belief and a set of beliefs in dragon kings came into existence. The emergence of the dragon kings belief ended the history that the title of rain got was not clear in China and Dragon kings finally got the status. Irrigation is the lifeblood of agriculture in China. In a Chinese mind, Dragon kings are the most important gods who take charge of rain and thus offer the lifeblood. In understanding the nature and characteristics of Chinese traditional culture, it is important for us to make clear the origin and evolution of the belief, find out its nature, function and operation. In the every year beginning of February of the Fanzhuang calendar in the people of Hebeisheng Zhaoxian, would all hold a festival to offer sacrifices to the $^{{\circ}TM}^{\prime}longpai$. Longpai was regarded as the core of the temple fair, thus the native sons came to call this festival; "longpaihui". In this region the'Fanzhuang longpaihui'developed into a well knownand grand temple fair. It was able to attract numerous pilgrims with its special magic power, occupying a place in $China^{{\circ}TM}$ 'eryueer'festival with festive dragon activities. The dragon is a common totem among Chinese nationals. The belief worship of the dragon dates from the start time of primitive societies. Dragon oneself the ancients worship's thunder lightning. In the worship of the great universe, at first afterwards this belief with the tribe's totem worships to combine to become the animal spirit. In ancient myths legends, along with folk religion and beliefs all hold a very important position. The longpaihui is a temple fair without a temple; this characteristic is a distinction between longpaihui and other temple fairs. As for longpaihui must of the early historical records are unclear. The originator of a huitou system has a kind of organized form of the special features rather, originator of a huitou not fix constant, everything follows voluntarily principle, can become member with the freedom, also can back at any time the meeting. There is a longpaihui for 'dangjiaren', is total representative director in the originator of a huitou will. 'banghui' scope particularly for extensive, come apparently every kind of buildup that help can return into the banghui, where is the person of this village or outside village of, the general cent in banghui work is clear and definite, for longpaihui would various businesses open smoothly the exhibition provides to guarantees powerfully. Fanzhuang longpaihui from the beginning of February to beginning six proceed six days totally. The longpai is used as the ancestry absolute being to exsits with the community absolute being at the same time in fanzhuang first took civil faith, in reality is a kind of method to support social machine in native folks realize together that local community that important function, it provided a space, a kind of a view to take with a relation, rising contact, communication, solidify the community contents small village, formation with fanzhuang. The fanzhuang is used as supplies for gathering town, by luck too is this local community trade exchanges center at the same time therefore can say the faith of the longpai, in addition to its people's custom, religious meaning, still have got the important and social function. Moreover matter worthy of mentioning, Longpai would in organize process, from prepare and plan the producing of meeting every kind of meeting a longpeng of the matter do, all letting person feeling is to adjust the popular support of, get the mass approbation with positive participate. Apart from the originator of a huitou excluding, those although not originator of a huitou, however enthusiasm participate the banghui of its business, also is too much for the number.

전통적 언어유희의 역사적 변천과 현재적 의의 - 한국 재담(才談)과 중국 상성(相聲)을 중심으로 - (The Historical Transition and Current Meaning of Traditional Language Plays - Focusing on Korean Jaedam and Chinese Xiangsheng -)

  • 강소천
    • 공연문화연구
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    • 제37호
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    • pp.61-94
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    • 2018
  • 본고는 한국과 중국 전통 언어유희 가운데 하나인 재담(才談)과 상성(相聲)의 역사적 변천과 현재적 의의에 대해 살펴본 글이다. 한국의 재담과 중국 상성은 모두 웃음을 주기 위한 대표적인 언어유희이며 전통적인 공연예술이다. 재담과 상성의 기원은 우희(優戱)로 거슬러 올라갈 수 있다. 우희는 가장 전통적인 언어유희이며 우희를 전승하는 과정에서 여러 가지 공연물이 파생되었다. 그 중에서 한국 재담과 중국의 상성은 비교적 우희의 전통을 잘 이어간 공연물이라고 할 수 있다. 18세기 후반부터 한국 재담은 독립적인 공연물로써 자리를 잡았고 그 뒤로 박춘재 등 전문적인 재담 연희자들이 활발하게 활동하며 공연하였다. 20세기 초 유성기 음반을 취입하면서 재담은 주로 극장 무대와 라디오에 출연하게 되었다. 이때 재담에서 새로운 공연물인 만담이 파생되었는데 만담은 재담보다 시사를 풍자하고 세태를 비판하는 데에 중점을 두었다. 만담은 한참 동안 인기를 끌었다가 21세기에 들어와서 완전히 소멸되었다. 현재까지 한국에 전승하고 있는 재담은 가면극 같은 전통연희에만 남아 있다. 한편 한국 재담보다 조금 늦은 시기인 19세기 중후반에 구축된 중국 상성은 처음에는 천민의 비속한 기예로 여겨졌으나 20세기 초에 인기가 많아지면서 드디어 공연예술로써 무대에 오르게 되었다. 20세기 중반 상성은 개혁을 통해서 사회를 칭송하고 교과하는 내용이 주로 다루는 신상성이 형성되었으나, 신상성에는 세태를 풍자하고 해학적인 내용이 축소되어 재미가 없어졌으므로 얼마 후 인기를 잃었다. 21세기 초 상성은 만담과 똑같이 소멸될 지경에 처했지만 전통을 부흥시키려는 젊은 상성 배우들의 노력을 통해 '전통'과 '소극장'으로 회귀하자는 또 한 번의 상성 개혁이 일어났다. 전통으로 돌아온 현재의 '전통 상성'은 다시 중국 관중들의 애호와 성원을 받고 있다. 한국 재담과 중국 상성은 역사와 연행양상 면에서 비슷한 점이 많지만 현재 서로 다른 운명에 처해 있다. 두 공연물의 내용이나 형식 측면에서 공통점도 상당히 많이 발견된다. 중국 상성의 경우 전통 곡예 장르 가운데 하나로 현재까지도 중국 사람들의 사랑을 받고 있으며 중요한 전통 공연물 가운데 하나로 자리 잡고 있다. 반면, 한국에서는 독립적인 공연예술로써의 재담이 소멸되어 가고 이제는 가면극 같은 전통연희에만 재담의 모습을 엿볼 수 있다. 한국 재담과 중국 상성은 전승과정에서 유사한 변화를 겪었다는 사실, 그리고 한국 재담이 사라진 반면 중국 상성은 잘 보존되고 전승되어 있는 이유를 본고를 통해 확인할 수 있다.