• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety of acupuncture therapy when applied to patients who are undergoing anticoagulants / antiplatelet medication therapy combined with herbal medicine using a retrospective, case-control study. Methods : 428 charts of patients were reviewed in this study. Odds ratio between case of bleeding-related adverse event and control was calculated as main analysis. Exposures were anticoagulants / antiplatelet medication, Hwalhyeolgeoeo herbal medicine and combination of both drugs. Additionally, odds ratios were calculated according to the severity of bleeding-related adverse events. Results : The results were as following: 1. Analysis of all bleeding-related adverse events showed there was no increased risk of combined therapy compared with other exposures and control group. 2. Analysis of only clinically significant adverse events showed there was no increased risk of combined therapy compared with other exposure and control group. 3. Hwalhyeolgeoeo herbal medicine group showed a tendency of increased risk of bleeding-related adverse events in all analysis but was not statistically significant. Conclusions : The results suggest that Hwalhyeolgeoeo herbal medicine-anticoagulant / antiplatelet medication combined therapy may not increase risk of bleeding-related adverse events in acupuncture therapy. By executing various modules of analysis, it was possible to acquire useful data for possible future studies. Further research is needed to confirm such results.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.298-305
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• 2010

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) after craniotomy. Methods: This study was a retrospective case-control study of 103 patients who had craniotomies between March 2007 and December 2008. A retrospective review of prospectively collected databases of consecutive patients who underwent craniotomy was done. SSIs were defined by using the Centers for Disease Control criteria. Twenty-six cases (infection) and 77 controls (no infection) were matched for age, gender and time of surgery. Descriptive analysis, t-test, $\chi^2$-test and logistic regression analyses were used for data analysis. Results: The statistical difference between cases and controls was significant for hospital length of stay (>14 days), intensive care unit stay more than 15 days, Glasgrow Coma Scale (GCS) score (${\leq}7$ days), extra-ventricular drainage and coexistent infection. Risk factors were identified by logistic regression and included hospital length of stay of more than 14 days (odds ratio [OR]=23.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.53-216.11) and GCS score (${\leq}7$ scores) (OR=4.71, 95% CI=1.64-13.50). Conclusion: The results of this study show that patients are at high risk for infection when they have a low level of consciousness or their length hospital stay is long term. Nurses have to take an active and continuous approach to infection control to help with patients having these risk factors.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.116-124
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• 2020

Objectives: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is considered as one of the most incessant and anguishing factors for patients who have surgery under general anesthesia. The occurrence of PONV after orthognathic surgery can lead to dehydration, infection, bleeding at the surgical site, and patient discomfort, all of which leave a patient with a negative impression of anesthesia and surgery. The purpose of this study is to assess the incidence of PONV after orthognathic surgery and to correlate it with factors related to patient, anesthesia, and surgery. Materials and Methods: A 10-year retrospective survey was done for patients who underwent orthognathic surgery between January 2008 and March 2018. The incidence of PONV was evaluated, correlations with factors related to patient, anesthesia, and surgery were studied, and the duration between the end of surgery and the occurrence of the first episode of PONV was tabulated. Results: The medical records of 109 patients were screened, out of which 101 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Amongst these patients, 60 patients (59.4%) suffered from PONV. Patient's sex, induction agent used, intravenous fluids administered intraoperatively, duration and type of surgery, and the presence of a nasogastric tube were seen to have a significant influence on precipitating PONV. It was noted that among the patients who suffered from PONV, 61.7% of them experienced it 48-96 hours after the end of surgery. Conclusion: Despite the improved anesthetic equipments, drugs, and surgical techniques currently used, the incidence of PONV was high in our study. Certain factors that were seen to influence PONV in this study need to be considered in order to develop an efficacious protocol to reduce PONV in orthognathic surgeries.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

Objective: The present study was to investigate the discrimination capacity of the Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment-Gait Scale (POMA-GS), for predicting falls in stroke survivors. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Data including the characteristics and number of falls of 52 chronic stroke patients from a rehabilitation center were collected. The number of falls each subject had experienced in the previous year were investigated through interviews. The subjects were divided into two groups depending on the number of falls: if falls occurred twice or more on the basis of the time of study after stroke, they were defined as the falls group and if there was no fall experience or one fall, they were defined as the non-falls group. The subjects were examined with the POMA-GS, and physical functions were examined using by the One Leg Stand Test (OLST), Sit to Stand Test (SST), 10-m Walk Test, Lower Extremity in Fugl-Meyer assessment (FM-LE), and Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS). The validity of POMA-GS for falls prediction was analyzed. Results: In the POMA-GS, which predicts falls in stroke survivors, the cut-off value was 8.5 (sensitivity 72%; specificity 65%) and the area under the curve was 0.75 (95% confidence interval: 0.60-0.90, p<0.007). There was a significant difference in the OLST, SST, FM-LE, and TIS between the subjects with POMA-GS >8.5 and the subjects with POMA-GS ${\leq}8.5$. Conclusions: The POMA-GS could be a useful tool in predicting falls in stroke survivors, as its discrimination capacity and predictive validity is proven satisfactory.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2016

Purpose: Intentional poisoning is a major public health issue in many parts of the world. This study was conducted to provide details regarding the epidemiology of intentional poisoning in a metropolitan emergency department and to identify the changing patterns and epidemiology of poisoning. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate intentional poisoning of patients who visited the emergency department in a tertiary teaching hospital between 2001 and 2015. All intentional poisoning-related emergency department visits over three five year periods (2001-2005 (P1), 2006-2010 (P2) and 2011-2015 (P3)) were reviewed to investigate trends in intentional poisoning patients. Information regarding patient sex, age, time from episode to admission, psychiatric history, type of intoxicants, alcohol co-ingestion, gastric lavage, charcoal administration, any previous suicide attempts, need for hospitalization and death before discharge was reviewed. Results: A total of 1269 patients were enrolled in this study. The number of patients admitted during each period was P1=515, P2=439 and P3=315. Comparison of the three groups revealed significant differences according to age (p<0.001), psychiatric history (p<0.001), alcohol co-ingestion (p=0.013), gastric lavage (p<0.001), charcoal administration (p<0.001), need for hospitalization (p=0.044), repeated attempt (p<0.001) and type of intoxicants (p<0.001). Conclusion: The average age of intentional poisoning patients has increased. While the use of sedatives and multiple drugs increased, the use of pesticides and the antihistamine decreased.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제54권12호
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• pp.1024-1034
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• 2016

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare the type and frequency of prosthetic complications associated with attachment types for implant overdenture. Material and methods. In this retrospective study, 38 patients (mean age, 63.5 years) have been treated with implant overdentures from 2007 to 2014. Ten patients received a bar-clip attachment. Eleven patients had received a milled bar with Locator attachment. Seventeen patients had received a Locator attachment. The mean follow-up period was 36.9 months (range, 15-83 months). The type and frequency of prosthetic complications was recorded. The frequency was analyzed to determine the statistical difference among the 3 different attachments by using one-way ANOVA (${\alpha}=.05$) and Bonferroni post hoc method at a 5% level of significance. Results. The total number of prosthetic complications was higher in the bar-clip attachment (55 events) than in the milled bar with Locator attachment (39 events) and the Locator attachment (34 events). There were no statistically significant differences, and the most common prosthetic complication was the loss of retention. In the bar-clip attachment group, the average frequency of prosthetic complications was 3.0 events per prosthesis during the first year. In the milled bar with Locator attachment and Locator attachment groups, the average frequencies were 1.45 events and 2.35 events, respectively. Statistically significant differences were observed in the frequency of the complication. (p = .043) Conclusions. Compared to the bar-clip attachment, implant overdentures that use milled bars with the Locator attachment have a significantly lower incidence of prosthetic complications in the first year of follow-up after placement.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.3327-3330
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• 2014

Background: The purpose of the study was to analyse the clinicopathological spectrum of benign and malignant odontogenic tumours (OT) in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) Rawalpindi. Seven years archival records of histologically diagnosed odontogenic tumours, both benign and malignant, were collected and the lesions re-diagnosed histologically in accordance with the WHO classification of head and neck tumours (2005). Clinical as well as histological data were analysed and frequency of each type of OT was calculated using computer software programme SPSS (version 17). Mean tumour size was calculated and Chi-square test was applied to find associations of age, gender and site with each histological type of tumour. Results: Only 1.7% of the odontogenic tumours diagnosed in this said period were malignant while the remaining 98.3% were benign. Amongst benign lesions, ameloblastoma was the most common (61.3%) type while primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (1.7%) was the only reported malignant tumour. Mean age of the affected patients was $31.7{\pm}16.7$ years with posterior mandible as the commonest site involved. Conclusions: Our study revealed ameloblastoma and primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma as the commonest diagnosed benign and malignant tumours respectively. There was a significant difference in age and site of origin of different types of OT at the time of their presentation. However, all the tumours showed male predominance.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2000

This is a retrospective study on the nature and severity of zygomatic bone fractures. This study was based on a series of 358 patients with zygomatic bone fractures who treated as in-patient at Soonchunhyang Chonan Hospital during the period of Jan. 1993 through Dec. 1996. The results obtained are as follows : 1. The ratio of men to women was 4.41:1. The age frequency was highest in the second, third decade. The yearly distribution was the highest in 1993. The monthly distribution was highest in Feb. and Jun. 2. The most frequent cause was the traffic accident.(66.2%) 3. The most frequent type of fractures was the class I(undisplaced fx.).(25%) 4. The most frequent associated oral and maxillofacial injuries was soft tissue.(46.9%) 5. The most frequent associated systemic injuries was upper, lower extremity.(38%) 6. In A.I.S of oral and maxillofacial area, the mean score of A.I.S was $2.5{\sim}3$. In I.S.S, the highest mean score was in the ped TA.(19) 7. In respect of treatment, the most common method was open reduction with rigid fixation on fronto-zygomatic suture area.(47.8%) 8. The incidence of complication was 12% and the most common complication was malunion.(6.1%)

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2010

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate any clinical studies regarding the herbal medicine for dementia focusing on Korean literature for future rigorous clinical research. Methods: Every article relevant to dementia was initially obtained from oriental medical related journals by electronic search at journal web sites or manual searches. Journals were limited to those registered with the Korea Research Foundation. From initial findings. two independent reviewers selected clinical articles and these articles were further analyzed separately by predefined criteria according to prospective and retrospective studies. For randomized controlled trial and non randomized controlled trial. quality assessment was also conducted. Results: From ninety seven patients initially obtained articles. twenty three patients were finally analyzed. One article was randomized controlled study. Four articles were prospective whereas eighteen patients were retrospective. In the qualitative evaluation of prospective articles. there was deduction regarding pre-calculated study size and prospective data collecting. Assessment measurement most frequently used was Mini Mental State Examination. The order of frequency of use herbs were identified. Conclusions : According to our study. the herbal medicine for dementia in general showed a positive effect in the cognitive aspects of dementia patients. Further well-designed randomized controlled studies should be conducted.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.48-52
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• 2015

Objectives: This retrospective cohort study aimed at calculating some parameters of changes in the findings of the subsequent screening mammography (SSM) in female Korean volunteers. Methods: The study included screenees aged 30 to 79 years who underwent SSM voluntarily after testing negative in the baseline screenings performed between January 2007 and December 2011. A change to a positive result was defined as category 4 or 5 by using the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. The proportion of results that had changed to positive (CP, %) was calculated by dividing the number of cases with results that were positive in the SSM by the total number of study participants. The rate of results that had changed to positive (CR, cases per 100 000 screenee-months) was calculated by dividing the number of cases with results that were positive in the SSM by the total number of months of the follow-up period. Results: The overall CP and CR in all age groups (n=77 908) were 2.26% and 93.94 cases per 100 000 screenee-months, respectively. The median CP interval in the subjects who had positive SSM results was 30 to 36 months, while that in the age group of 30 to 39 years was shorter. Conclusions: Different screening intervals should be considered among women aged between 30 and 59 years. In addition, a strategy for a screening program should be developed for the age group of 30 to 39 years, in particular.