• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.103-116
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• 2016

This study intends to discover characteristics and methods of retro image wedding dresses by analyzing prior studies about retro characteristics. The characteristics of retro image wedding dresses are as follows: 'Recreative Retro', Trend revival Retro', 'Nostalgic Retro' and 'Remixed Retro'. The expressional characteristics and methods of each character are as follows. The 'Recreated Retro' has been recreated in the wedding dresses worn by celebrities, actresses' wedding dresses in movies, and also in the famous designer's high end wedding dresses. These dresses do not merely duplicate the originals, but also reflect images, which were reproduced by combining modern technology. The 'Trend revival Retro' emerged as a combination of past fashion styles and new trends. It seems to stimulate the customers' reminiscence of past fashion trends and create unique designs through expressing the metaphor or the adaptation of past fashion styles. The 'Nostalgic Retro' started from the discovery of emotional values for something old or the inclination to be attracted to old styles. It has been expressed through design concepts with natural themes. The 'Remixed Retro' is from recombination of Retro elements. It is shown as a new interpretative code which explains how current time blends with different times.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.137-151
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• 2003

Fashion photographs from leading monthly fashion magazines in 1990s were analyzed. The types and the formative feature characteristics and the aesthetic values of domestic retrospective fashion were studied. The major conclusions of the study are as follows 1. The types of domestic retro fashion were historicism, ethnic, ecology. Retro fashion was expressed through applying and reappearing silhouette, detail. fabric and image of the costumes of the past. 2. Renaissance. Baroque, Rococo styles and the costumes and styles of 1960s and 1970s were mainly applied in domestic fashion. 3. Orientalism was emphasized and Korean traditional styles and Chinese costumes were expressed mainly in domestic fashion. Fashion trends recurrent and intimate to the nature were expressed in patterns, fabrics, dyeing and silhouettes of nature. 4. The formative feature characteristics of domestic retro fashion were recurrence, purity. tradition and decoration. As retro fashion applies costumes of the past newly, it supplies unlimited possibilities to the present fashion which seeks versatility.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.171-187
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to grasp the meanings of retro-fashion, to research the design characteristics and background on the birth of repro-fashion. It can help to confirm the importance of aesthetic marketing which is based on human feelings, the roles and cultural and industrial meanings. Reto-fashion Is one of the mediums between the expression of Post-modern fashion and emotional sympath of human beings as consumer and fashion creators. So this inspiration is the way of fashion creativities. The backgrounds of appearance repro-fashion are reflection about materialism and technique and 20th century, the sense of instability and finding new ideas from the past. The characteristics of retro-fashion designs are as follows : First, the styles have been come from 50's. 60's, 70's, and 80\`s. It means that the styles not just expressed to return to the past simply but an expression the emotional state for missing the past. Second, the colors and materials are various also as like styles. Third, the decorations of repro-fashion are more crafts by human. The roles of retro-fashion are for creation of high valued product in fashion design, expression of individuality with disharmonized coordination and application as a fusion style. The cultural and industrial meaning of repro-fashion are endowment of aesthetic marketing using human feeling in fashion marketing area and pursuing of the Renaissance of fashion culture and industry. Therefore it is needed that design critics and analysis going side by culture and industry condition for fashion study with human feelings in 21th century.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.523-534
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to categorize the dimensions of the visual evaluation of the costume details of the retro romantic fashion and to research on the costume details and the visual evaluation by evaluators' gender, age, and major, and on their preferences. Quantitative research were conducted for this study. Based on the pictures, 10 costume details were selected for the survey questions and data were collected. All 446 subjects who participated in this research were college students(males and females) residing in or near Seoul. Data were collected in September, 2008. The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS which included: factor analysis, Cronbach's $\alpha$ reliability analysis, three-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range tests, and the t-test. The results of visual evaluation of retro romantic fashion are as follows: First, as a result of the factor analysis of the costume detail evaluation, five factors including attractiveness, decorativeness, cuteness, retro, and femininity surfaced. Second, the gender difference in the results of the research revealed that women rated decorative, cute, retro, and feminine characteristics higher than men did. Third, there were significant interactive effects in attractiveness and femininity depending on costume details and evaluators' gender. Fourth, subjects majoring in fashion valued attractiveness and femininity of the stimulus over non-fashion majoring subjects. Fifth, there were significant differences in the preferences of costume details depending on gender.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.3 no.3 s.3
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• pp.24-30
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• 2005

If one can say that 'Retro' is a revived mode of the style, which was popular in the past, it is confirmed that various complex social and cultural factors have been reflected to making the current and new mode by accepting the past style. By investigating the impact of hippie style, which was popular during the Vietnam War on cosmetics and beauty culture, and the retro-tendency NEO-Hippie style fashion phenomenon appeared at around the time of the US and Iraq War, a theoretical foundation of cosmetics and beauty culture in the 2000s was established, and periodical circulation of fashion was tried to be understood. The 9.11 terrorists' attack and US-Iraq War devastated the heart of modern people, and for this, a retro trend having a meaning to revive the past style with nostalgia of the old things started to be handled with major interests in cosmetics and beauty culture. The retro-style, which is revived in the 2000s, is not the unchanging imitation mode in the '60s and '70s during the Vietnam War, but a newly transformed type of style.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.293-319
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• 2003

Retro, one of these fusion styles, was found in various pattern in fashion. Recent fashion trend shows coexistence with variety which cannot be represent by one or two themes, and introduces various images in a season. Therefore, this study was found three fusion image of Retro pattern which has appeared since 1990; Romantic, Ethnic, and Hippie-look. shown in VOGUE, BAZZAR and etc. 1, Romantic image overcame the exaggerated style of 18th century and expressed in a volume gown, a tight dress of high-waist, and bustier. In addition, beads or sequin became more brilliant and gorgeous which decorated the whole clothing. 2. Ethnic image was expressed with fusion of particular traits from all of the world such as Japan, China, India, South America, Greece, and Africa. 3. Hippie-look image has been shown in slim & long silhouette style, and fusion styles of romantic factors or ethnic factors were also found. Retro as one of the phenomenon of fusion was found in romantic image, ethnic image and hippie-look Image.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.137-147
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• 2019

The purpose of this study, I investigate the new trend, 'new-tro', through the music video costumes of young generations, and analyze the meaning and characteristics of 'new-tro'. The research method is, select 30 music video with new-tro fashion style on the music sites, and the fashion styles were analyzed in 11 music videos checked and selected by 100 students. As a definition of the term, 'retro' refers to a phenomenon in which the past reappears in modern time, and 'new-tro' is a new retro trend, a social phenomenon that enjoys the old with a modern sense, and is a compound word of 'new' and 'retro'. 'new-tro' is a modern reinterpretation and rebirth of the past style, and 'fu-tro' is a style of coexistence between the past and the future. In the music video, fashion is a media language and cultural code, and it creates trend or new fashion, that communicates with the public, stimulating emotions. As a result of the research, the common trend phenomenon expressed in the music video costume of 'new-tro' trend which appeared in 2000s is as follows. 1. New-tro style starts with items that were famous in the past. 2. It is one of postmodern marketing using color, print and logo. 3. It spreads quickly by the influence of culture that is characteristic of the Internet and SNS world. 4. It is bottom up propagation phenomenon of street fashion. 5. It is a time game where modern people connect the past with the present. 6. "new-tro" continues to evolve for that time, based on 'retro'. New-tro, an evolutionary version of the 21st century retro wave. and it is a key to marketing effectiveness as a sympathetic elements of 1020 generations with the reproduction of memories.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.122-142
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• 2003

This study examines the meaning of retro phenomenon and its background of establishment that showed in the pop culture. And it finds out the retro phenomena in the domestic fashion trends. And it defines the characteristics of dress and its ornament in the retro phenomena that have shown in the Korean movies since 1998. By doing this, it examines the relationship between movie dress and street fashion while it compares the styles in the 50s 70s with the retro fashion that is currently emerging. The results of the study are as follows. First, the hippie look in the 60s represented a distinctive characteristic of how they rejected traditional lifestyles. Hippie's romantic femininity that showed in the movie of 'Oollala Sisters' received a spotlight as a necessary style in the modern fashion trend. Second, while the funk look in the 70s was a style of disorder and disgust, the movie gives it a possibility of fashion with a converted sense as a vanguard fashion while embracing the funk look. Third, the layered look in the 70s was expressed with layered items, while the current layered look emphasizes layered textiles as shown in the movie of 'Hae-Jeok Became The Disco King'. Fourth, the feminine look which was a symbol of restraint shows a mixed style with delicate feminine items as shown in the movies, 'The Harmonium In My Memory' and 'Ditto'. Fifth, the training look that has two stripes as shown in the movie 'the Friends' is considered as casual wear, which is functional and easy to move at the end of the 20th century. Finally, the romantic images of school look, as shown in the movies 'the Friends' and 'Hae-Jeok Became The Disco King', show a renewed mixed & unique style. This study has its significance in the sense that it verifies the fact that the movie dress does not show the characteristics of the works that momentarily passes the screen, but it becomes a foundation of the future fashion design. At this time that Korean movies are highly developing, a through study on the movie fashion will not only give a direction of future in the modern fashion, but it will also give a developing momentum in the Korean movie dress.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.105-120
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• 2003

Culture and society exist in the present, but they came from the past. So did clothing. As dressing is deeply based on culture pattern of the times, it is affected by various culture patterns and still keeps developing in modern times. This study is intended to examine the features of retro fashion on culture and dressing of the 19th century. The features of retro fashion on Neoclassical and Romantic culture and dressing are objection to the existing pattern, recursion to the past, and creativity characteristic of pattern of those days. Neoclassicism arose as it rejected Baroque and Rococo style, and imitated culture and artistic pattern of Greece and Rome. Romanticism objected to formal and universal pattern of Neoclassicism, and imitated Gothic style while recognizing historical facts and studying medieval times. Dressing in Neoclassicism did not accept exaggerated and luxurious Rococo pattern, and imitated simple, soft and straight silhouette of Greece and Rome and created its unique Empire Style. Romanticism imitated luxurious style of Renaissance, the Middle Ages, Baroque, and Rococo, different from simple and straight neoclassical style during the Bourbon restoration, and created its unique style. Thus, it is shown that retro fashion on Neoclassical and Romantic culture and dressing reflect the style of those days.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.877-886
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• 2006

The Purpose of this study were to study Retro-hat design. To do these purposees, the focus of theoretical approach was literature research, and hat design was attempted on the basis of the research. The focus of theoretical background was on previous research and fashion-related literature. Photo materials to analyze retro-hat design is Haute-Couture collection in paris from the 1990's to 2004 and some designer's collections. Then Retro hat design is 85 in 1,381 hat photos. The results obtained through this process were as follows. In the hats of Retro, the past style such as an Egyptian wig, a snake-shaped hat in Crete, a Medieval knight hat, Liripipe, Tricorn hat, or Bicorn hat was reinterpreted and expressed. Since 2003, Retro characteristics has became strong and frequent. By designing a hat on the basis of the direction of hat design, this study intended to find out the development direction of hat design.