• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.91-101
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• 1989

This study was performed to investigate the effects of different dietary magnesium levels on systolic blood pressure and mineral distribution in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. In experiment 1, Normotensive rats(NTR ; Sprague Dawley, Female) were given diets containing regular magnesium (0.05% Mg ; rMg), marginal magnesium (0.01% Mg ; mMg) or marginal magnesium with stress(0.01% Mg + stress ; mMg + Str). In experiment 2, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR ; Kyoto Wistar, Femal) were fed diets containing regular magnesium(0.05% Mg ; rMg) and high magnesium (0.2% Mg ; hMG). The following were found ; 1) NTR treated with marginal magnesium with stress showed significant increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP). Marginal magnesium diet without stress resulted in nonsignificant increase in SBP. Significant in crease of blood pressure showed in NTR treated with marginal magnesium and stress was associated with decreased magnesium and increased calcium content in femur, reticulocyte and plasma. 2) In experiment 2, magnesium supplementation to SHR showed significant attenuation of their systolic blood pressure with increasing age. The attenuation of SBP showed in SHR was associated with increased magnesium, lowered calcium content in cardiac muscle and reticulocyte and decreased plasma sodium and aldosterone level.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.312-316
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• 1998

Efficacy and in vivo bioassay of recombinant human erythropoietin (rho-EPO), was investigated. Efficacy studies were conducted in normal, and cisplatin-induced anemic rats. Normal and anemic animals were treated intravenously with rhu-EPO for 5 days, and the changes in the number of red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), hematocrit value (Hct) and percentage reticulocyte value (Ret, reticulocyte/RBC) were examined. In normal rats, rho-EPO significantly increased RBC, Hb, Hct and Ret at the doses of 50∼ 1,250 lU/kg/day in a dose-dependent fashion. Cisplatin-induced anemic rats showed significant increase of RBC, Hb, Hct and Ret after administration of rho-EPO (50-200 lU/kg/day) in a dose-dependent manner. These changes of hematological parameters disappeared gradually after cessation of the treatment. The in vivo bioassay results in polycythemic mice showed that rho-EPO had 90% of bioactivity compared to NIBSC standard rhu-EPO. These results suggest that rho-EPO might be useful for the therapy of anemia originated from renal failure and chemotherapy-induced anemia.

• 약학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.422-431
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• 2003

The use of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO), a stimulator of erythropoiesis, banned in sports because of the medical risk associated with thrombosis. Due to analytical difficulties to differentiate between natural human EPO (hEPO) and rhEPO, blood parameters of erythropoiesis such as contents of hemoglobin (cut-off value <17.5 g/d l for man, and < 16.0 g/dl for women), hematocrit and reticulocytes (cut-off value <2.0%) were measured to focus the misuse of rhEPO. We conducted anti-doping test for 122 blood samples of the World Cup athletes. The mean values of key parameters are as follows; 14.5$\pm$1.0 g/dl for hemoglobin, 41.7$\pm$2.8% for hematocrit, and 1.3$\pm$0.4% for reticulocyte. Blood sample was found to be stable up to 8 hours for the reticulocyte measurement. In addition, the soluble transferrin receptor and ferritin levels were measured by immunoassay methods using plasma samples (n=28) in which the mean value was 0.8$\pm$0.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ and 54.6$\pm$33.7 ng/$m\ell$, respectively. The results indicate that all samples tested were negative for the blood parameters of indirect anti-doping test for hEPO misuse. The statistical evaluation suggest that several other parameters such as red blood cell, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and white blood cell could be considered as factors influencing hEPO function in addition to five parameters mentioned.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 1981

For centuries, ginseng has been used for the therapeutic purpose in oriental herb medicine. Several studies have been conducted in the past to evaluate the effect of ginseng on erythropoiesis. However the results were controversial. We therefore attempted in the present studies to evaluate the effect of ginseng on the erythropoietic activity. In one series of experiments, the recovery pattern of peripheral blood(red cell count, hemoglobin content, hematocrit and reticulocyte count) was studied in posthemorrhagic anemic rabbits. After animals were maintained with normal(control group) or 1 gm% ginseng (experimental group) diet for 2 weeks, hemorrhagic anemia was induced by withdrawing blood equivalent to 25% of the total blood volume and then changes in peripheral blood were followed for following 30 days. In other series of experiments, we studied effect of ginseng on erythrokinetics using $^{59}Fe$. $^{59}Fe(10{\sim}40\;{\mu}Ci/animal)$ was injected intravenously after animals were fed with normal (control group) or 1 gm% ginseng(experimental group) diet for 2 weeks. And radioactivities in the blood compartments were measured at appropriate intervals for 15 days. Front these various erythrokinetic parameters were estimated. Results are summarized as follows: 1) Reticulocyte count was higher in the experimental group than in the control group after 2 weeks of administration of experimental diet. During the posthemorrhagic period, the reticulocyte count increased in both the control and experimental groups, but the increase appeared much earlier in the experimental group. 2) The posthemorrhagic recoveries of hematocrit, hemoglobin content and red cell count appeared to be faster in the experimental group as compaired with the control group. 3) The half life$(T_{1/2})$ of $^{59}Fe$ in the plasma was significantly(P<0.05) shorter in the experimental group(82.6 min, N=8) than in the control group(121 min, N=6). Plasma iron turnover (PIT) of the experimental group (1.78 mg/dl/24 hr.) was approximately 4 times greater than that of the control group(0.45 mg/dl/24 hr.). 4) The maximum red cell utilization(RC-U) was 82.1% in the experimental group ana 74.5% in the control group. Red cell iron turnover(RIT) of the experimental group(1.62 mg/dl/24 hr.) was slightly higher than that of the control group(0.35 mg/dl/24 hr). 5) Erythron turnover was significantly(p<0.05) greater in the experimental group(1.27 mg/dl/24 hr.) than in the control group(0.24 mg/dl/24 hr.). Marrow transit time of the experimental group(2.05 days) tended to he faster than that of the control group(2.84 days). These results suggest that the gingseng improves the recovery of posthemorrhagic anemia and stimulates the erythropoiesis in rabbits.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2015

Plasmodium falciparum can invade all stages of red blood cells, while Plasmodium vivax can invade only reticulocytes. Although many P. vivax proteins have been discovered, their functions are largely unknown. Among them, P. vivax reticulocyte binding proteins (PvRBP1 and PvRBP2) recognize and bind to reticulocytes. Both proteins possess a C-terminal hydrophobic transmembrane domain, which drives adhesion to reticulocytes. PvRBP1 and PvRBP2 are large (>326 kDa), which hinders identification of the functional domains. In this study, the complete genome information of the P. vivax RBP family was thoroughly analyzed using a prediction server with bioinformatics data to predict B-cell epitope domains. Eleven pvrbp family genes that included 2 pseudogenes and 9 full or partial length genes were selected and used to express recombinant proteins in a wheat germ cell-free system. The expressed proteins were used to evaluate the humoral immune response with vivax malaria patients and healthy individual serum samples by protein microarray. The recombinant fragments of 9 PvRBP proteins were successfully expressed; the soluble proteins ranged in molecular weight from 16 to 34 kDa. Evaluation of the humoral immune response to each recombinant PvRBP protein indicated a high antigenicity, with 38-88% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Of them, N-terminal parts of PvRBP2c (PVX_090325-1) and PvRBP2 like partial A (PVX_090330-1) elicited high antigenicity. In addition, the PvRBP2-like homologue B (PVX_116930) fragment was newly identified as high antigenicity and may be exploited as a potential antigenic candidate among the PvRBP family. The functional activity of the PvRBP family on merozoite invasion remains unknown.

• 약학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 1964

녹용은 인삼과 함께 중국을 위시하여 우리나라에 있어서는 수천년래 소위 보약으로써 상용되고 있다. 녹용의 효능중 본초강목 동의보감등에 기재된 것을 보면 조혈 작용이 있다 하였고 한방에서도 빈혈환자에 진효하다고 인정되고 있다. 오와 그 공동 연구자가 조혈에 관한 지견을 보고한바 있으나 저자는 녹용이 과연 조혈작용이 있는가를 재검토코저 하였다. 건전한 웅성가토(체중 2kg내외)를 사용하여 실험적으로 가토빈혈을 야기시킨 다음 이에 녹용을 투여하여 빈혈생성억제여부및 빈혈의 자연회복경과등을 관찰코저 하여 적혈구수, hemoglobin농도,hematocrit및 reticulocyte등을 측정하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 1997

Endotoxin from the cell wall of marine V. vujnificus was .extracted using the hot phenol-water method, injected endotoxin into rat, and tested the toxic effect of endotoxin on the blood component In rat blood. The results showed that blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, white blood cell, and reticulocyte were Increased and red blood cell was the same as the number of control group(normal blood), but platelet was decreased. Above results suggested that endotoxin induced a malfunction of liver and that the Increase of white blood cell was for the removal of foreign toxic substance.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1969

The double tracer study on erythrokinetics was carried out experimentally with radioactive iron ($^{59}Fe$) and chromium ($^{51}Cr$) in rabbits. The 0.1% canthalidin solution and 1% pot. perchlomate solution was given subcutaneously to 20 rabbits respectively. 3 and 6 days after injection, the blood chemistry, urine examination, ferrokinetics and apparent half survival time of RBC were ($^{51}Cr\;T\frac{1}{2}$)determined. Following were the results: 1) Red blood cell hematocrit and hemoglobin values were moderately reduced and B.U.N. and serum creatinine values were slight]y inercased in the canthalidin group, while B.U.N. and serum creatinine values were within normal limits in the pot. perchlomate group. Reticulocyte values were slight]y increased in the canthalidin group, while was normal range in the pot. perchlomate group. 2) Blood chemistry finding was not significant statistically in both experimental groups, but serum iron value was moderately reduced in both group. 3) Plasma volume was unchanged in both group, but red cell volume and whole blood volume were slightly reduced in both groups. 4) Results of ferrokinetics were as follows: i) The plasma iron disappearance rate was delayed in both groups. Plasma iron turnover rate, red cell iron utilization and red cell iron turnover rate were decreased in both groups, and then red cell iron turnover rate was more decreased than plasma iron turnover rate in both groups. Circulating red cell iron was slight]y increased in canthalidin group and red cell iron concentration was within normal range in both groups. ii) P.I.T.R.-R.C.I.T. value was moderately increased in the canthalidin group and slightly increased in the pot. perchlomate group. Reticulocyte index, red cell iron turnover index, plasma iron turnover index and effective erythropoiesis index were whole]y reduced in both groups. iii) The red cell life span was slightly shortened in the canthalidin group while was within normal range in pot. perchlomate group. The pathologic finding of renal biopsy of the canthalidin group shows a selective damage in glomerulus, while shows almost normal range or slight damage in tubules. And that of the pot. perchlomate group shows a selective damage in tubules with slight damage of glomerulus.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권8호
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• pp.827-833
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• 2008

목 적 : 영유아기에 발생하는 철 결핍성 빈혈은 성장, 발달에 심각한 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 철 결핍을 조기 진단하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 고식적으로 사용되고 있는 혈청 ferritin이나 iron 대신 염증이나 만성질환 등에 영향을 받지 않고 철 결핍 상태를 진단하는데 비용이나 혈액채취량의 부담을 줄일 수 있는 장점이 있는 망상적혈구혈색소량을 다른 철 결핍 지표들과 함께 비교하였다. 방 법 : 2006년 6월부터 2007년 1월까지 을지대학병원 소아과에 급성 감염성 질환으로 입원한 생후 6개월에서 24개월 영유아를 대상으로 하였다. 정맥혈을 채혈하여 ADVIA 120 (Bayer Diagnostics, NY, USA)을 이용하여 Hb, MCV, MCH, CH, CHr, RDW를 검사하였고, 철 상태를 평가하기 위하여 iron, iron binding capacity, ferritin을 측정하였다. 혈색소 11 g/dL, Tfsat 20%를 기준으로 철 결핍성 빈혈군, 철 결핍군, 철 결핍이 없는 군을 나누었다. 결 과 : 총 69명의 영유아 중 철 결핍이 있는 환아가 47명, 이중 17명이 철 결핍성 빈혈군에 해당되었으며 철 결핍이 없는 군이 22명이었다. 빈혈을 포함한 철 결핍이 있는 집단과 철 결핍이 없는 군과는 MCH (P<0.01), CH (P<0.01), RDW (P<0.05) 및 CHr (P<0.01)이 유의하게 차이가 있었지만, ferritin은 두 집단 간에 차이가 없었다(P=0.109). CHr은 철결핍에 유의한 예측변수로 나타났다(LRT=71.25; odds ratio=0.67 [95% 신뢰구간, 0.47-0.97]; P<0.05). 철 결핍군을 빈혈이 있는 집단과 빈혈이 없는 집단과 비교하였을 때 MCV, MCH, CH, RDW가 유의한 차이를 보였다(모두 P<0.05). 또한 CHr, iron, TIBC, ferritin은 두 군간에 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). CHr의 cutoff 27.4 pg을 기준으로 전체 집단을 구분하여 비교하였을 경우에는 Hb, MCH, CH, Tfsat, iron (모두 P<0.05) 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으나 MCV (P=0.188), RDW (P=0.138), ferritin (P=0.730), TIBC (P=0.700)는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결 론 : CHr은 일부 기종에 국한되어 제공되는 사항이고 적절한 참고치의 설정이 필요하지만, 6개월에서 24개월령의 유소아에서 철 결핍 상태를 진단하는데 급성염증반응에 영향을 받지 않고, 비용이나 혈액채취량의 부담을 줄일 수 있는 장점이 있어 새로운 지표로 이용이 가능하리라 생각된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.15-17
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• 1975

In order to investigate the longevity of the reticulocyte in peripheral blood, samples were taken from the jugular vein at birth; 2nd, 4th, 7th, and 14th day after birth in eight healthy Korean native goats (body weight 1.5 to 2.0kg). The samples were stained in 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 24, and 48 hours after bleeding, and observed the reduction in the number of reticulocytes and the degree of the staining. The data have shown that the number and staining degree of reticulocytes in Korean native goots were appeared as normal untill 24 hours after bleeding, however, the number and staining degree were reduced in 48 hours after bleeding.