• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

In papermaking industry, inorganic fillers are widely used for the purpose of improving opacity, brightness, printability, uniformity and dimensional stability. They are also useful for production costs and energy savings. In the past, inorganic fillers in papermaking industry only focused on micro-scale but recently, new trials on nano-powdered technology are applying. Even nano-powdered fillers are rapidly utilized for improving the optical and surface properties in coating and surface sizing, there still have some problems in wet-end process due to poor dispersibility and retention. In this study, nano-particled calcium carbonate was produced by milling the PCC and its applicability between micro sized and nano sized calcium carbonated was compared in wet-end process, and finally the sheet properties were evaluated. Nano-PCC was not retained in sheet structure without applying retention system, but with retention system nano-powdered PCC was absorbed on fiber surface with expanding the fiber networks. The application of PAM-bentonite system has resulted in high ash retention and bulky structure for copier paper, and good optical properties in brightness and opacity. However, it required to solve the weakness of low tensile property due to interruption of hydrogen bonding by nano fillers.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1 s.37
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• pp.11-21
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• 1999

Dansam, the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza BGE. (Labiatae), has a bitter and a slightly 'cold' property. and is nontoxic. It has been used for the treatment of diseases such as tumors, bruises, gynecologic diseases, menoxenia, anemia and so forth. As an oriental medicine pathway, anal therapy has many kinds of treatments, Retention enema is one the most useful, advantageous methods of anal therapy. This experiment was performed in order to study the effect of an aqueous extract of Salviae radix root(SRRAE) on Immediate type allergic reaction by Retention enema. The results were obtained as follows, 1. SRRAE inhibited compound 48/80-induced Immediate type allergic reaction 100% with the dose of 0.1g/kg by anal treatment. However, SRRAE showed no significant inhibitory effect on the same reaction by oral treatment. When mice were pretreated with SRRAE at a concentration ranging from 0.001 to 1.0g/kg, by intra-anal treatment, the serum histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. 2. SRRAE also inhibited by 79.8% local cutaneous allergic reaction activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. 3. SRRAE close-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells(RPMC) by anti-DNP IgE., but SRRAE not inhibited compound 48/80-induced histamine release. 4. SRRAE dose-dependently inhibited tumor necrosis $factor-\;{\alpha}$ $(TNF-\;{\alpha}$) production from RPMC by anti-DNP IgE. Moreover, the level of cAMP in RPMC, when SRRAE was added, significantly increased compared with that of a normal control. According to the above results, anal therapy(Retention enema) of SRRAE may be beneficial in the treatment of systemic and local Immediate type allergic reactions.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.157-174
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• 2024

This study investigates the influence of varying concentrations of boric acid (BA) preservative on the physical and mechanical properties of light red meranti (LRM) found in Sarawak. LRM or Shorea leprosula samples were treated with various concentrations of BA via the dip diffusion method using American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The physical property, particularly the retention rate and mechanical properties, bending strength, modulus of elasticity (MOE), tensile and compression strength parallel to grain of impregnated and control samples were tested to determine the effects of BA preservative. The retention rate was found to increase with increasing BA concentration and higher surface area to volume ratio. The mechanical properties in terms of the MOE and tensile strength parallel to grain were found to be greater than those of the control samples, whereas the bending strength and tensile strength parallel to grain were lower. Amongst the results, only the retention rate and MOE showed significant interaction effects at 5% level of significance between all factors tested (samples size and BA concentration for retention rate and BA concentration for MOE).

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.173-182
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• 2002

We investigated the effects of operating variables, such as electrical. reactor and gas parameters on toluene removal and discharge property in the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) process. The toluene removal was initiated with the energy transfer to the reactor by loading of voltages higher than the discharge onset value. The energy transfer and toluene removal increased with the applied voltage. Higher removal rate was observed with smooth surface electrode despite of lower energy transfer compared with the coarse electrode, because more uniform discharge can be obtained on smooth surface state. The decrease of dielectric material thickness enhanced the removal efficiency by increasing the discharge potential. The toluene removal efficiency decreased with the increase of the inlet concentration. The increase of gas retention time enhanced the removal efficiency by the increase of energy density. The oxygen and humidity contents seem to exert significant influences on the toluene removal by dominating the generation of electrons, ions, and radicals which are key factors in the removal mechanism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2000

Effect of fixation methods on the flame retardant(FR) and performance properties of MDPPA/HMM treated cotton fabrics were studied. Combination of three different fixation methods - premercerization, swelling agent treatment, pad dry cure fixation, and wet fixation - were applied to flame retardant finish of cotton with MDPPA/HMM. As a result, an increase in internal volume of cotton fiber by pre-mercerization and addition of swelling agent, and wet fixation increased %add-on of FR agent improving FR efficiency and wash fastness. Tensile strength of MDPPA/HMM treated cotton fabrics by wet fixation and swelling agent were slightly decreased, but that of premercerized cotton was improved. Wet fixated fabric showed lower bending rigidity and better compressional properties which improved fabric hand. Retention of swelling ability of cotton treated with MDPPA/HMM improved moisture absorption properties.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.271-276
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• 2003

This study is about the rheological properties of cement slurry using admixtures. The variables are the type of cement(Type I, II, IV, V) and the substitution ratio of admixtures such as fly ash and slag. As a result of measuring the fluidity of various types of cement slurry at the early stage, type 2, type 4 and type 5 showed the similar property. The fluidity of type 1 and ternary blended cement was low. it is thought that it is because of the high $C_3$A content. The cement slurries containing mineral admixtures were superior in the property of fluidity retention.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.391-410
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• 2017

This study examines Romalpa clause as an extended or enlarged retention of title clause under SGA. Under a simple retention of title clause, the seller retains title to goods supplied until the goods have been paid. A simple retention of title gives the seller super-priority interest in other creditors of the buyer without registering a charge. Aluminium Industrie Vaassen BV v. Romalpa Aluminium Ltd introduced the concept of 'extended reservation of title(so called 'Romalpa clause') in English law. It is because the Court of Appeal held that under an extended reservation about title clause the seller can trace his title into money which constitutes the proceed of sale by the buyer of goods supplied by the seller. However, since Romalpa case, the courts are reluctant to uphold the seller's extended title. Under Romalpa clause, the seller attempts to extend his protection by laying claims to new products manufactured from his goods or to proceeds of sale by the buyer. Where the seller's goods are lawfully used by the buyer to create new goods, the property in the new goods will generally vest in the buyer. It is because there has been discomfort if the seller gains the windfall profit of the new goods. Moreover, regarding tracing proceeds of sale by the buyer, the courts held that the seller must establish fiduciary relationship with the buyer. If the fiduciary requirement cannot be established, the extended retention of title clause is seen as a charge over the proceeds, and void if not registered. For these reasons, it is difficult that the claims based on the extended retention of title clause would be upheld.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.406-414
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• 1996

We studied the phase formation and the effect of electrical properties of PZT thin films with changing the oxygen partial pressure in cooling after deposition of PZT thin film by reactive sputtering method. The roughness of thin film increased with decreasing the oxygen partial pressure in cooling due to the evaporation on the surface ofthin films and the grain size was not changed very much. The hysteresis property of PZT thin film was improved toward having a good squareness with increasing the cooling oxygen partial pressure. We observed the decrease of remanent polarization, retained polarization and coercive field with decreasing the oxygen partial pressure. Dielectric constant decreased gradually and internal bias field increased in the measurement of dielectric constant-voltage property with decreasing cooling oxygen partial pressure. We observed the increase of nonswitched polarization in the measurement of field accelerated retention and the decrease of nonswitched polarization with increasing the bias time.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2023

Effect of the processes of polysilazane solid electrolyte layer and silver (Ag) active electrode on the electrical characteristics of memristor was investigated. The memristor with the solid electrolyte annealed at higher temperature exhibited the higher set voltage and better memory retention characteristics than that annealed at lower temperature. The increase in the set voltage and the improvement of the memory retention characteristic at high annealing temperature were attributed to a reduction in the void density and an increase in the void uniformity inside the solid electrolyte, respectively. In the case where the polysilazane solution's concentration is high, the memristor exhibited rapid degradation of low resistive state even annealed at high temperature. Lastly, it was shown that the memristor with the solution-processed Ag active electrode showed WORM property unlike that with the vacuum-processed Ag active electrode. The WORM property was possibly due to morphological defects present in the solution-processed Ag active electrode.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.440-450
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• 2015

Effects of Doenjang and Chunggukjang on rheological properties of bread flour were investigated based on falling number, RVA, farinogram, colorimeter, rheofermentometer and SEM. The falling number of bread flour was highest among all samples, and mixed flours containing Chunggukjang showed lower falling number than Doenjang. RVA showed that initial pasting temperatures of the control mixed flour of Doenjang and Chunggukjang increased sequentially, whereas peak viscosities were reversed and final viscosities showed similar results. In the farinogram, consistencies and water absorptions decreased with increasing quantity of Doenjang and Chunggukjang. Developments, stabilities, time to breakdowns and farinogram quality numbers of the mixed flour containing Doenjang were higher than those of Chunggukjang and greater addition decreased values. In the rheofermentometer test, height of maximum dough development of mixed flours containing Chunggukjang were lower than that of flours containing Doenjang. Total volumes, retention volumes and retention coefficients of mixed flours containing Doenjang and Chunggukjang were lower compared to the control. For features, SEM showed that mixed flour containing Chunggukjang showed a faded boundary compared to flour containing Doenjang. All of results showed that the various activities of Chunggukjang were more potent than those of Doenjang.