• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2024

A viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state is a survival strategy adopted by bacteria when faced with unfavorable environmental conditions, rendering them unable to grow on nutrient agar while maintaining low metabolic activity. This study explored the impact of temperature and nutrient availability on inducing VBNC state in Edwardsiella piscicida, the most important bacterial fish pathogen, and assessed its pathogenicity at VBNC state. E. piscicida was suspended in filtered sterile seawater and exposed to three different temperatures (4, 10, and 25℃) to induce the VBNC state. Subsequently, the induced VBNC cells were subjected to resuscitation by either raising the temperature to 28℃ or inoculating them in brain heart infusion broth supplemented with 1% NaCl. A propidium monoazide (PMA)-qPCR method was also developed to selectively quantify live (VBNC or culturable) E. piscicida cells. The results showed that the bacteria entered the VBNC state after approximately 1 month at 4℃ and 25℃, and 2 months at 10℃. The VBNC E. piscicida cells were successfully revived within 3 days in a nutrient-rich environment at 28℃, highlighting the significance of temperature and nutrition in inducing and resuscitating the VBNC state. In pathogenicity tests, resuscitated E. piscicida cells exhibited high pathogenicity in olive flounder comparable to cultured bacteria, while VBNC cells showed no signs of infection, suggesting they are unlikely to resuscitate in fish. In conclusion, this study contributes to our understanding of fish pathogen ecology by investigating the characteristics of the VBNC state under varying temperature and nutrition conditions.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.139-145
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• 2016

Purpose: The major pelvic trauma results in high mortality with associated fatal other injuries. During early stage of resuscitation, multidisciplinary approach is essential to improve the survival and outcomes. This study aims to report the effect and positive outcome of the trauma team approach on the management of hemodynamically unstable pelvic bone fracture. Methods: This retrospective review included all patients with hemodynamically unstable pelvic bone fracture admitted between March 2007 and December 2015. Patients were divided into group A, which comprised those admitted before the trauma team approach was started, and group B, which comprised those admitted after the approach was started. The advanced trauma life support protocol was followed for all patient. The comparisons between the two groups were based on medical records. Study variables included demographics, initial vital sign, injury severity score, fracture type, and injury mechanism. We analyzed the outcomes in each group with respect to the time interval for doctors' arrival, total length of stay in the emergency department (ED), time interval for computed tomography evaluation, 24-hour mortality, time interval for definitive fixation, and definitive fixation in the time-window of opportunity. Results: Fifty-three patients met the inclusion criteria. No statistically significant differences in demographic data existed between the two groups. The time interval for doctors' arrival (min, $63.09{\pm}50.48$ vs $21.48{\pm}17.75$; p=0.038) and total length of stay in the ED (min, $269.33{\pm}105.96$ vs $115.49{\pm}56.24$; p=0.023) were significantly improved. The 24-hour mortality was not significantly different between the two groups.(%, 14.3 vs 12.0; p=1.000) However, the time interval for definitive fixation and definitive fixation in the time-window of opportunity showed better results. Conclusion: The trauma team approach has positive effects, which include initial resuscitation through multidisciplinary approach and shortening the time interval to definitive fixation, on the management of hemodynamically unstable pelvic bone fracture.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.47-61
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• 2013

Purpose. Effective health policy to raise education rate and to provide basic data to identify the college of Education degree and CPR. Purpose of this study was to inform the need for retraining of college students received CPR training. Methods. The sample consisted of 70 a series of health related university students and 70 the general college students ; total 120 in J city. The period of data collecting was from November 1st to Nov. 16th. The tools were 24 questionnaires named "CPR Survey". The collected data were analyzed to get frequency, percentage, average, and standard deviation, t-test and Person's correlation coefficients by using of SPSS for WINDOW 12.0 K program. Results. The number of CPR-trained persons was significantly higher in the health related university students than general college students. Conclusions. CPR training after the passage of time, the percentage of correct answer got lower as time goes by. The answer should be 'School formal education' was the highest. The percentage of students who recognized the necessity of CPR re-education was high.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1037-1051
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge of dental hygienists on CPR, their CPR attitude and performance ability in an effort to offer data that can contribute to the development of a more effective CPR education program. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 234 dental hygienists in Jeollanam and Jeollabukdo from February 24 to May 20, 2017. The questionnaire asked dental hygienists of the knowledge, attitude, performance ability in regards to CPR. The data were analyzed using SPSS Window ver. 19.0 program through independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, chi-square test and multiple regression analysis. The Cronbach alpha of their CPR knowledge was 0.78, and that of attitude to CPR was 0.79. The Cronbach alpha of CPR performance ability was 0.96. Results: The dental hygienists surveyed in this study who were aware of CPR accounted for 88.9% of total subjects. Dental hygienists who were certified in CPR accounted for 20.5% of total subjects. They received a score of 7.66 on CPR knowledge, 3.33 on attitude and 2.61 on performance ability. There was a positive correlation between the knowledge and attitude, between the knowledge and performance ability and between the attitude and performance ability (r=0.332, r=0.461, r=0.426). A regression analysis showed that the dental hygienists who were younger, who graduated from a four-year university or a higher educational institution, who were CPR certificate holders, who received more CPR education, who were cognizant of automated external defibrillator, who were more knowledgeable on CPR and who took a more positive attitude were more likely to be affected in terms of CPR performance. Conclusions: The dental hygienists surveyed were aware of CPR on the whole, but their CPR knowledge, attitude and performance were not sufficient to perform CPR in emergency situations. More intensive education should be provided for dental hygienists to have an accurate knowledge of CPR to carry it out with a positive attitude.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1699-1705
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• 2012

This study was conducted to examine the differences of the quality of chest compression between 10 cm higher position of rescuer's knee from the bottom and its bottom position during implementation of CPR. It selected randomly subjects out of 66 students who attend the Dept. of Emergency Medical Technology in G college, G metropolitan city as the first grader and divided them into 31 experimental group and 32 control group from Nov. 8 to 9, 2011. Mattress was spread 10 cm higher from the bottom(material: B4 Copy Paper) and on the bottom(material: PVC, size: $185{\times}125{\times}0.65cm$) and only chest compression was conducted for 2 minutes. Experiment was conducted with 1 Resusci Anne mannequin and the results of experiment were recorded with Laerdal PC Skill Reporting System. Data collected were analyzed with $x^2$-test and Fisher's exact probability test using SPSS 14.0 for Window, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Wilcoxon signed rank test. As a result of the study, it was found that 10 cm higher position of rescuer knee from the bottom than the bottom position and group below 170 cm in their height and 65 kg in their weight were more effective in proper depth of chest compression and average chest compression depth.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.212-218
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• 1980

A severe crushing injury of the chest produce a very striking syndrome referred to as traumatic asphyxia. This syndrome is characterized by bluish-red discoloration of the skin which is limited to the distribution of the valveless veins of the head and neck. And also if it is characterized by bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhages and neurological manifestations. But these clinical entities faded away progressively in a few weeks. Apporximately 90% of the patients who live for more than a few hours will recover from traumatic asphyxia when it occurs as a single entity. And so, death results from either severe associated injuries of from subsequent infection, rather than from pulmonary or cardiac insufficiency in traumatic asphyxia. We have experienced 4 cases of traumatic asphyxia with severe crushing thoracic injuries at department of the chest surgery, Captial Armed forces General Hospital during about 3 years from April 1977 to Aug. 1980. The 1st 22 year-old male was struct 2$\frac{1}{2}$ ton truck on the road and was transferred to this hospital immediately. He had taken tracheostomy due to severe dyspnea with contusion pneumonia and for removal of a large amount of bronchial secretion. The 2nd case was 23 year-old male who was got buried in a chasm. In this case, the heavy metal post tumbled over him back while at work. The 3rd case was 39 year-old male who leapt out of a window in 5th story while fire broke out in living room by oil stove heating. He had multiple rib fracture with right hemothor x and right colle's fracture and pelvic bone fracture. The last 22 year-old male was run over by a gun carriage. The wheel of this gun carriage passed over his thorax and right chin. He was brought to this hospital by helicopter. when he was first examined at emergency room, he was in semicomatose state and has pneurmomediastinum with multiple rib fracture and severe subcutaneous emphysema. As soon as he arrived, bilateral closed thoracostomy was performed and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was done. In hospital 8th weeks, chest series showed fibrothorax in right side even if chest wall stabilized. All 4 cases had multiple petechiae over their facees and chest and bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhages referred to as traumatic asphyxia. 3 cases except one case who received splenectomy, had been suffered from contusion pneumonia and had been treated with respiratory care. In these 3 cases, they had warning of impending injury before accident, and took a deep breath hold it and braces himself. And also, even if he had not impending fear in remaining one case, he had taken a deep breath and had got valsalva maneuver for pulling off the heavy metal post. Intrathoracic pressure rose suddenly and resulted to traumatic asphyxia in this situation. All these cases were recovered completely without sequelae except one fibrothorax, right.