• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.1944-1950
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• 2014

Employment of a time consuming, sophisticated calculation using the all-atom force field and generalized-Born implicit solvent model (GBIS) for refinement of NMR structures has become practical through advances in computational methods and capacities. GBIS refinement improves the qualities of the resulting NMR structures with reduced computational times. However, the contribution of GBIS to NMR structures has not been sufficiently studied in a quantitative way. In this paper, we report the effects of GBIS on the refined NMR structures of ubiquitin (UBQ) and GB1 with subsets of distance restraints derived from experimental data. Random omission prepared a series of distance restraints 0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 times smaller. For each number, we produced five different restraints for statistical analysis. We then recalculated the NMR structures using CYANA software, followed by GBIS refinements using the AMBER package. GBIS improved both the precision and accuracy of all the structures, but to varied levels. The degrees of improvement were significant when the input restraints were insufficient. In particular, GBIS enabled GB1 to form an accurate structure even with distance restraints of 5%, revealing that the root-mean-square deviation was less than 1 ${\AA}$ from the X-ray backbone structure. We also showed that the efficiency of searching the conformational space was more important for finding accurate structures with the calculation of UBQ with 5% distance restraints than the number of conformations generated. Our data will provide a meaningful guideline to judge and compare the structural improvements by GBIS.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.191-215
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• 1998

This descriptive correlational study was done to identify ICU nurses' intention to use restraints and related factors using Ajzen and Madden(1986)'s Theory of Planned Behavior. Self-reported questionnaires were used to measure intention and related factors. The subjects of this study were 287 ICU nurses in 21 general hospitals with at least 200 beds at Taegu, Pusan and Kyungbuk area in Korea. The results of this study were : 1. There were significant differences in intention according to age and marnital status, attitude according to educastion(with indirect measure), subjective norm according to career in ICU(with both measures), perceived behavioral control according to age and career in ICU(with direct measure), and knowledge according to education and position. 2. There were significant correlations among intention and all factors. Intention was correlated with attitude(r=.2119), subjective norm(r=.1112), and perceived behavioral control(r=.3448) with direct measure. Attitude was correlated with subjective norm(r=.2530), perceived behavioral control(r=.3005), and knowledge(r=.1388) with direct measure. Subjective norm was correlated with perceived behavioral control(r=.1321) with direct measure. Intention was correlated with attitude(r=.1496) and perceived behavioral control(r=.2922) with indirect measure. Attitude was correlated with subjectivenorm(r=.2829) and knowledge(r=-.1390) with indirect measure. Also, subjective norm was correlated with perceived behavioral control(r=.2363) with indirect measure. 3. ICU nurses' intention to use restraints was explained 16.7% by perceived behavioral control, attitude with direct measure, control belief, and age. By this study, it was foundr that ICU nurses reported high level of intention to use restraints. The most important predictor of intention to use restraints was perceived behavioral control toward using restrains, which reflected the easiness and difficulty in the use of restraints.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.452-458
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• 2016

본 논문은 노인요양시설 요양보호사들의 억제대 사용에 대한 인식을 조사한 서술적 조사연구이다. 자료수집은 2016년 1월 13일부터 2월 10일까지 노인요양시설 요양보호사 113명을 대상으로 자기기입식 설문을 통해 이루어졌다. 억제대 사용의 인식에 대한 전체 평균은 3.43(${\pm}0.24$)이였으며, 억제대 적용 이유로 가장 중요하게 생각하는 항목은 "대상자를 침대에서 떨어지지 않도록 보호하기 위하여"였으며, 주로 노인 대상자들의 안전사고를 예방하기 위한 항목에서 억제대 사용을 중요하게 생각하는 것으로 나타났다. 억제대 사용에 대한 지식은 18점 만점에 평균 11.23점으로 보통 수준이었으며, 50세 이하의 요양보호사들의 지식수준이 다소 낮았다. 억제대 사용에 대한 태도는 전체평균 9.19점으로 다소 긍정적으로 가급적 억제대 사용을 자제해야 한다고 생각했으며, 근무경력 3년 이하의 요양보호사들이 더 높게 나타났다. 억제대는 노인대상자의 신체 정신적 그리고 인권과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 가장 많은 시간을 함께 하는 요양보호사들의 억제대 사용에 대한 인식의 고려와 향상을 위하여 억제대 사용에 대한 정확한 지침과 눈높이에 맞는 교육이 제공되어야 한다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.495-504
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• 2016

본 연구는 신체억제에 대한 인식과 태도를 파악하기 위해 노인요양시설의 요양보호사를 대상으로 시도된 조사연구이다. 연구대상자는 노인요양시설에 근무하는 요양보호사 153명을 대상으로 하였다. 자료수집은 구조화된 설문지를 사용하였고 수집한 자료는 기술통계 및 t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test 및 Pearson Correlation Coefficient로 분석하였다. 연구 대상자의 신체억제에 대한 인식 정도는 전체평균 2.83점(5점 만점)이었고, 대상자의 신체억제에 대한 태도 정도는 전체평균 3.56점(5점 만점)이었다. 대상자의 신체억제에 대한 인식과 태도 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 순상관관계(r=.31, p<.001)가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과 신체억제에 대한 인식과 태도 점수가 낮은 문항에 대한 체계적인 교육의 필요성을 확인하였다. 따라서 신체억제의 적절한 사용방법에 관한 실제적이고 효과적인 교육프로그램의 개발이 필요하며, 신체억제 적용기준과 관련된 지침개발이 필요하다. 향후 노인의 인권보호를 위해 신체억제 감소 및 폐지를 위한 노력과 관심이 요구된다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.148-156
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the emotional response of family members of physically restrained patients in the intensive care units (ICUs). Methods: The study subjects were 200 family members of ICU patients who had been on physical restraints in two university hospitals. Data were collected using the "Instrument of family's emotional response toward physically restrained patients". Results: The mean score of familial emotional response was 2.69 out of a possible 5. The subcategory of acceptance was the highest with 3.56 points followed by depression (3.02), helplessness (2.94), anxiety (2.87), shock (2.74), avoidance (2.64), and grudge (2.08). Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that the age of family members, side effects of restraints, and information provision were the variables influencing on negative emotional response of family. Conclusion: Family members showed slightly negative emotional response toward the physical restraints. This finding could be influenced by their limited knowledge of the need for the restraints. Educational programs or fact sheets to be given to family members may be helpful.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2012

Whiplash is the most frequent injury among occupants in low speed rear-end car collision. The aim of this paper is to analyze thecorrelation between influence parameters of head restraints and whiplash injury criteria.In this paper, DFSS (Design for Six Sigma) method is used for optimum design of head restrains. Four control factors of head restraints have selected by function matrix method. The effects of the control factors have been experimentally evaluated by using a sled pulse from 16km/h relative velocity which is suggested by KNCAP (Korean New Car Assessment Program). In order to reduce the noise factors of dynamic tests, whiplash tests were repeated twice. By using DFSS, the correlation between control factors and injury criteria has been comprehended.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.179-183
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• 2006

Whiplash injuries of the neck are one of the most common injuries reported from automotive rear impacts. Whiplash injuries can be reduced by changing geometry of head restraint. Therefore, geometries of head restraint were evaluated according to the test procedures of the Korea New Car Assessment Program(KNCAP) to improve safety of head restraint. In this study, nine vehicle's head restraints were tested. As the test results, one head restraints is rated at "Marginal", three head restraints are rated at "Acceptable" level, and the last five head restraints are rated at "Good" level.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was to develop an evidence-based clinical practice protocol of physical restraints by adaptation process for patients with a geriatric hospital. Methods: Protocol adaptation process was conducted in accordance with manual for guideline adaptation version 1.0 by ADAPTE collaboration. Results: The adapted physical restraint protocol was consisted of 3 domains and 37 recommendations. The number of recommendations in each domain were: 7 nursing assessment, 19 nursing intervention, and 11 nursing evaluation. More than half (56.8%) of the recommendations were rated as grade B, 37.8% as grade C, and 5.4% were rated as grade D. Conclusion: The adapted physical restraint protocol is expected to contribute as an evidence-based clinical practice protocol for healthcare workers in geriatric hospitals for reducing and improving efficiency of appropriate physical restraints use.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.529-537
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• 2021

신체적 억제대 사용은 많은 논란이 되고 있음에도 불구하고 여전히 임상실무에서 환자안전사고 예방을 위해 입원 중인 환자에게 흔히 사용되고 있다. 따라서 미래의 간호사가 될 간호대학생이 생각하는 신체적 억제대 사용과 관련된 지식, 태도, 인식 및 간호실무 정도를 확인하고, 신체적 억제대 사용 관련 간호실무 예측 요인을 확인하기 위해 서술적 조사연구를 시행하였다. 자료 수집은 2020년 1월 2일부터 1월 20일까지 2곳의 간호대학생 144명을 대상으로 자가 보고식 설문지를 통해 시행되었다. 자료 분석은 기술적 통계, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, multiple regression을 사용하였다. 연구결과 간호대학생의 신체적 억제대 사용에 대한 지식점수는 평균 11.55±2.81점, 태도점수는 평균 60.01±7.24점, 인식점수는 평균 59.97±10.68점, 간호실무 점수는 평균 38.04±4.15점 이었으며, 간호실무와 지식, 태도, 인식 모두 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 다중 회귀분석을 통한 신체적 억제대 사용과 관련된 간호실무에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 인식(β=.23, p=.005), 태도(β=.21, p=.009) 순으로, 이들 전체 변수의 설명력은 13%였다. 본 연구에서 신체적 억제대 사용 관련 간호실무에 가장 중요한 예측 요인은 신체적 억제대 사용에 대한 인식으로, 간호대학생이 신체적 억제대를 올바르게 인식하여 추후 간호사가 되었을 때 임상실무에서 올바르게 사용할 수 있도록 하기 위한 근거기반의 교육 중재 프로그램의 개발과 적용이 필요하겠다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.7-22
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate recognition, attitudes, knowledge, education experience, and education demand regarding physical restraint among laypersons. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 105 randomly recruited laypersons in D city. Excluding 2 incomplete answers, 103 data were analyzed by frequency analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and chi-square test using SPSS 23.0. Results: Laypersons' recognition of physical restraints was rated at 3.37 out of 5 points, and showed a positive perspective. Knowledge on physical restraints was rated at 13.68 out of 18 points and was affected by age and education level (F = 2.845, p = .028)(F = 3.126, p = .029) A majority of the participants had no education on physical restraints. Nevertheless, participants showed intention to receive education in physical restraint to reach further understanding. Conclusion: Education on physical restraints is necessary for lay persons. However, there were education limits for people living in modern times. As an intervention addressing this problem, observing videos on the internet is recommended. Moreover, for advertising/educational purposes, accessing the internet and using smart-phone applications are suggested.