• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.113-125
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• 2000

This study was carried out to introduce current status and development strategy for an environmental restoration of stream side in Japan, and to consider a methodology which could be effectively applied for the environmental restoration of stream side in Korea. The strategy prospects of environmental restoration in Japan were summarized as follows : 1. When we establish the long term erosion control planning, we should make detail planning after considering of a certain block of watershed units. Because most of the disaster is caused by soil movement which was occurred by water contents. 2. Nowadays, the general torrent erosion control planning system in Japan focused on reducing the sediment such as by placement of erosion control facility and by restoration of afforestation, after calculation of several factors including expected amount of sediment, and the different amount of planned sediment and allowable sediment. 3. In the past, the goal of forest conservation and erosion control planing was to fix the amount of soil movement by construction of permanent facilities. While, the goal of forest conservation and erosion control planning in the future needs to change the techniques to a small and middle scale's soil movement which could prevent soil movement from large scale of soil disasters, but allow soil movement effectively. Also, it is considered to change erosion control dams from non passing type to passing type. 4. Restoration of stream-side ecology, erosion control for the conservation of ecology should be planned and conducted cautiously based on concepts of ecology conservation and development of environmentally sound techniques.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.52-66
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• 2009

The increase of rice productivity, the decrease of rice demand, aging farmers, and the market-opening of rice along with the domestic and international conditions changes have been led to the increase of the abandoned rice paddy fields. Such abandoned rice paddy fields have been left in many areas and most of them have become wetlands. The purpose of this study is methodology of selection to the wetland for development in the abandoned rice paddy fields along with surroundings. The selection of habitat suitability index assessment study to conservation and restoration was done through hydrology, wild animals habitation, wetland vegetation, outside disturbance, and natural purification capacity assessment. In addition, the same method was applied to assessment items and standards for both the restoration site selection and the type of restoration. Both assessment items and standards were applied to the sites, drawn on the maps, and overlayer for the comprehensive map, and then the wetland suitability index was applied to the suitable site. The development technique was applied to 10 sites near the Banwol Stream watershed in Gunpo, Gyeonggi province. The selection of conservation, restoration, and the optimal sites can lead to not only the biodiveristy increase in agricultural or semi natural areas but also to the establishment of ecological networks in national level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.87-103
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• 2008

Despite its high level of symbolic and ecological values, BaigDooDaeGahn, about 684km long stretch of mountains in the eastern part of Korean peninsular, has been widely destroyed and barely recovered. While Korean government enacted a special law in 2005 to protect these areas and designated about 2,658 $km^2$ as the protection zone in 2007, there were a number of sites inside that had been disturbed by mining, illegal crop cultivations, stone quarry, development of resort facilities, construction of roads, and other human activities. To restore these damaged areas in a sustainable manner, the integrative system to categorize damaged areas for participatory restoration by local residents was suggested by this study. The most distinguished feature of the proposed system was to integrate the existing restoration approach focusing on biophysical conditions into the sustainability-building approach to reactivate socio-economic conditions of local society, called 'restoration of eco-cultural community'. As an entry stage to design the new restoration system including processes and procedures, the damaged areas had to be re-categorized by two characteristics, their physical conditions in terms of possibility of public participatory restoration and the readiness of local society required for pursuing endogenous development. More detailed considerations regarding these two characteristics and three different categories has been suggested and discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.71-84
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• 2021

Restoration of DMZ has come up with the discussion on the peaceful use of the DMZ and the conservation plan of the army. In this study, we aim to identify soil characteristics of 108 sites to figure out environmental conditions around the iron fence of DMZ where vegetation has been removed repeatedly. Based on the soil characteristics and climate variables, hierarchy clustering was performed to categorize sites. As a result, we categorized 108 sites into 4 types: middle elevation region, lowland, East coast lowland, other areas. Group of 'other area' is only high in nutrient and clay proportion. Others are in igneous rock and metamorphic rocks with a high proportion of sand and lower nutrients than the optimum range of growth in Korean forest soil. The middle elevation region has a high altitude, low temperature. The east coast lowland has a high temperature in January and low precipitation. The lowland has a low altitude and high temperature. This category provides the environmental condition around the DMZ fence and can be used to select plants for restoration. The restoration project around the DMZ iron fence should satisfy the security of military plans, which means that functional restoration is prior to ecological restoration such as vegetation management under a power line. Additionally, improvement of soil quality and surface stability through restoration projects is required to enhance the resilience of the ecosystem in DMZ.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

A study on ecological restoration of landfill slope was conducted in Nanjido to compare immediate and long time effect and supply continuous back data for ecological restoration of landfill slope. As a result, all region constructed by SF and CODRA was effective on improving soil environment and preventing slope erosion. In case of former, by adapting flowers the initial scenery was beautifully built however there was tendency that as time passes the introduced plants were being overtaken by native plants thus it was necessary to select plants which are not being overtaken by native plants. In case of latter, by introducing leguminous plants the natural adaptation of plants were moving smoothly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2003

Forest fires happened simultaneously in Go-Seong, Gang-Neung, Sam-Cheok, Dong-Hae, Ul-Chin for 9 days(7th-15th of April, 2000). The area of those fires came to 23,794ha, about 80 times of Yeoui-Do and the extent of damage was the biggest and worst in Korea. The focus of this study is to compare the rate of restoration by damage types and develop the sound restoration model and efficient woodland management after the forest fire. The study site faces East Sea and the elements such as seasons, topographical features and etc. make difficult to obtain the suitable data from satellite. This study analyzed two images;2000yr and 2001yr after the fire. MODVI was more useful to grasp the damage than NDVI and the limitation of this study was the lack of images by damage types. The study suggests that lots of images are needed to monitor and analyze the forest fire site and the image of higher resolution is required to analyze the narrow site.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.76-84
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• 2002

This report is the summary of case studies about four quarry rehabilitation and restoration works in France and Austria. In Europe, the rehabilitation program should be prepared before quarrying, and this program should be meet with the expectations of stakeholders (owners, neighbors and NGOs), and the requirements of ecological restoration and environmental protection of the government. This program integrates the concept of sustainable development as well as the often exceptional potential for enhancing ecological diversity offered by quarries. Subsequently, the long-term rehabilitation effort is coordinated as closely as possible with quarrying operations, and finally the site is shut down, all measures are taken to ensure the long-term future of the rehabilitated site. The coordinated restoration project applicable to sections where quarrying operations are still in progress confines the working area to keep the visual impact of the quarry to a minimum. The re-established sites offer such great ecological diversity that they were classified as special plant and wildlife ecological zones. Wide range of rehabilitation alternatives offer opportunities to combine environmental preservation goals with social benefits. The actions include agriculture/forestry, recreational/educational developments and other uses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.47-60
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• 2021

This study was conducted to classify quality attributes for quality elements of public service targeting Gochang Jayeonmadang and analyze their impact on resident satisfaction and dissatisfaction by each service quality element by using the Kano model and the customer satisfaction coefficient and dissatisfaction coefficient of Timko(1993). As a result of the study, all 20 quality elements of public service were classified as one-dimensional attributes. Since the Jayeonmadang project restores the damaged natural environment and restores the ecosystem, it is judged that satisfaction is proportionately satisfied as the natural environment has been restored and the ecosystem has been restored. According to Timko (1993)'s analysis of customer satisfaction coefficient, it is believed that the most effective way to improve residents' satisfaction is to carefully establish and implement maintenance plans and to create a good environment to ensure that plants have settled.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2005

The historical changes of seeding work in Japan, the typical slope revegetation method, is possible to divide into five periods as follows; 1) The early period after creation(1927-1948) 2) The spreading period of modern revegetation work with manpower(1947-1958) 3) The spreading period of rapid revegetation technique using exotic grasses with machineries(1959-1985${\dots}$) 4) The spreading period of rapid reforestation technique by fast growing species mainly using leguminous shrub species(1986-1995${\dots}$) 5)The developing period of nature restoration technique using endemic arborous species(1996-) The evaluation basis of vegetated condition after slope seeding has been described to a official guide book, "The Standards of Slope Stabilizing Works" It was mainly revised three times after first edition in 1972, and also the point of evaluation basis changed from the vegetation coverage to the density of woody plant through the 3rd period and the 4th period Recently main purpose of slope seeding has been developing from the erosion protection to the nature restoration in the current of the 5th period, and "The tentative guidelines of slope nature restoration" was announced by The Slope Revegetation Section of Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology in 2004. It was proposed the planning techniques of using suitable seeds/plants based on the preservation level at the real each construction sites Consequently, at present the importance of advanced monitoring methods for vegetation maintenance and plant sociologic survey to evaluate the plant succession is increasing.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.211-223
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• 2015

Korean society has been recently promoting the restoration of coastal wetlands. These efforts might become the basis of a policy framework that compensates for the limitations of a regulation-oriented policy such as the designation of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). The shift in government policy could contribute to strengthening the socioeconomic infrastructure of coastal development through the accumulation of ecological capital. Although our scientific efforts and social demands in regard to the ecological restoration of the coastal wetlands have increased during the past years, the bases for restoration in Korea requires that scientific, technological, financial, social and legal aspects be enhanced. The present study re-examined the concept and attitudes behind coastal wetland restoration in the light of changing circumstances in Korea. Herein, we first defined coastal wetland restoration as "An act of recovering the functions of the ecosystem of coastal wetlands to a state that resembles conditions prior to being damaged." Next, this study discussed the limitations and future directions of such restoration efforts based on the descriptive analyses of recent restoration practices from social, economic, and technological aspects. Finally, we suggest future policy directions regarding coastal wetland restoration on the basis of a PFST (Policy, Financial, Social, and Technological) analysis; 1) re-arranging legal mechanisms, 2) setting multi-dimensional restoration goals, 3) establishing a multi-discipline- and convergence based R&D system, 4) linking spatial management and local development to the restoration, 5) building restoration governance at the local level, 6) implementing an ecosystem service payment system, and 7) applying test-bed projects in accordance with proper directions.