• Title/Summary/Keyword: Response to Disaster

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Development of a Comprehensive Model of Disaster Management in Korea Based on the Result of Response to Sampung Building Collapse (1995), - Disaster Law, and 98 Disaster Preparedness Plan of Seoul City - (우리나라 사고예방과 재난관리 모형 개발을 위한 연구)

  • Lee, In-Sook
    • Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.289-316
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    • 2000
  • 우리나라의 경우 지역사회 재난 관리계획과 훈련이 보건의료적 모형이라기 보다는 민방위 모형에 입각하기 때문에 사고 현장에서의 환자 중증도 분류, 합리적 환자배분 및 이송, 병원 응급실에서의 대처 등이 체계적으로 이루어지지 못하고 있으며, 지역사회가 이에 즉각적으로 반응할 수 없다. 본 연구는 삼풍 붕괴사고 시에 대응방식과 그 후의 우리나라 응급의료 체계를 분석함으로써 대형사고 예방과 재난관리를 위한 우리나라 응급의료체계의 개선방안과 간호교육에서의 준비부분을 제시하고자 한다. 1 삼풍 사고 발생시에는 이를 관장할 만한 법적 근거인 인위적 재해에 관한 재난관리법이 없었다. 따라서 현장에서는 의학적 명령체계를 확보하지 못했기 때문에 현장에서의 응급 처치는 전혀 이루어지지 못하였다. 현장에서의 중증도 분류. 응급조치와 의뢰, 병원과 현장본부 그리고 구급차간의 통신 체계 두절, 환자 운송 중 의료지시를 받을 수 있도록 인력, 장비, 통신 체계가 준비되지 못하였던 점이 주요한 문제였다. 또한 병원 응급실에서는 재난 계획이 없거나 있었더라도 이를 활성화하여 병원의 운영 체계를 변환해가지 못하였다. 2. 삼풍백화점 붕괴사고 한달 후에는 인위적 재해에 대한 재난관리법이 제정되고, 행정부 수준별로 매년 지역요구에 합당한 재난관리 계획을 세우도록 법으로 규정하였다. 재난 관리법에는 보건의료 측면에서의 현장대응, 주민 참여, 응급 의료적 대처, 정보의 배된. 교육/훈련 등이 포함되어 있어야 한다. 그러나 법적 기반이 마련된 이후에도 한국 재난 계획 내에는 응급의료 측면의 대응 영역은 부처간 역할의 명시가 미흡하며, 현장에서의 응급 대응과정을 수행할 수 있는 운영 지침이 없이 명목상 언급으로 그치고 있기 때문에 계획을 활성화시켜 지역사회에서 운영하기는 어렵다. 즉 이 내용 속에는 사고의 확인 /공고, 응급 사고 지령, 요구 평가, 사상자의 중증도 분류와 안정화, 사상자 수집, 현장 처치 생명보존과 내과 외과적 응급처치가 수반된 이송, 사고 후 정신적 스트레스 관리, 사고의 총괄적 평가 부분에 대한 인력간 부처간 역할과 업무가 분명히 제시되어 있지 못하여, 사고 발생시 가장 중요한 연계적 업무 처리나 부문간 협조를 하기 어렵다. 의료 기관과 응급실/중환자실, 시민 안전을 책임지고 있는 기관들과의 상호 협력의 연계는 부족하다. 즉 현재의 재난 대비 계획 속에는 부처별 분명한 업무 분장, 재난 상황에 따른 시나리오적 대비 계획과 이를 훈련할 틀을 확보하고 있지 못하다. 3. 지방 정부 수준의 재난 계획서에는 재난 발생시 보건의료에 관한 사항 전반을 공공 보건소가 핵심적 역할을 하며 재난 관리에 대처해야 된다고 규정하고 있다. 그러므로 보건소는 지역사회 중심의 재난 관리 계획을 구성하고 이를 운영하며, 재난 현장에서의 응급 치료 대응 과정은 구조/ 구명을 책임지고 있는 공공기관인 소방서와 지역의 응급의료병원에게 위임한다. 즉 지역사회 재난 관리 계획이 보건소 주도하에 관내 병원과 관련기관(소방서. 경찰서)이 협동하여 만들고 업무를 명확히 분담하여 연계방안을 만든다. 이는 재난관리 대처에 성공여부를 결정하는 주요 요인이다. 4 대한 적십자사의 지역사회 주민에 대한 교육 프로그램은 연중 열리고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 교육주제는 건강증진 영역이며. 응급의료 관리는 전체 교육시간의 8%를 차지하며 이중 재난 준비를 위한 주민 교육 프로그램은 없다. 또한 특정 연령층이 모여있는 학교의 경우도 정규 보건교육 시간이 없기 때문에 생명구조나 응급처치를 체계적으로 배우고 연습할 기회가 없으면서 국민의 재난 준비의 기반확대가 되고 있지 못하다. 5. 병원은 재난 관리 위원회를 군성하여 병원의 진료권역 내에 있는 여러 자원을 감안한 포괄적인 재난관리계획을 세우고, 지역사회를 포함한 훈련을 해야 한다. 그러나 현재 병원은 명목상의 재난 관리 계획을 갖고 있을 뿐이다. 6. 재난관리 준비도를 평가할 때 병원응급실 치료 팀의 인력과 장비 등은 비교적 기준을 충족시키고 있었으나 병원의 재난 관리 계획은 전혀 훈련되고 있지 못하였다 그러므로 우리나라 재난 관리의 준비를 위해서는 현장의 응급의료체계, 재난 대응 계획, 이의 훈련을 통한 주민교육이 선행되어야만 개선될 수 있다. 즉 민방위 훈련 모델이 아닌 응급의료 서비스 모델에 입각한 장기적 노력과 재원의 투입이 필요하며, 지역사회를 중심으로 대응 준비와 이의 활성화 전략 개발, 훈련과 연습. 교육에 노력을 부여해야 한다. 7. 현장의 1차 응급처치자에 대해서는 법적으로 명시하고 있는 역할이 없다. 한국에서는 응급구조사 1급과 2급에 대한 교육과 규정을 1995년 이후 응급의료에 관한 법률에서 정하고 있다. 이 교육과정은 미국이 정하고 있는 응급구조사 과정 기준과 유사하지만 실습실이나 현장에서의 실습시간이 절대적으로 부족하다. 덧붙여 승인된 응급구조사 교육 기관의 강사는 강사로서의 자격기준을 충족할 뿐 아니라 실습강사는 대체적으로 1주일의 1/2은 응급 구조차를 탑승하여 현장 활동을 끊임없이 하고 있으며, 실습은 시나리오 유형으로 진행된다. 그러므로 우리나라의 경우 응급 구조사가 현장 기술 인력으로 역할 할 수 있도록 교과과정 내에서 실습을 강화 시켜야하며, 졸업생은 인턴쉽을 통한 현장 능력을 배양시키는 것이 필요하다. 8. 간호사의 경우 응급전문간호사의 자격을 부여받게 됨에 따라, 이를 위한 표준 교육 지침을 개발함으로써 병원 전 처치와 재난시 대응할 수 있는 역량을 보완해야 한다. 또한 현 자격 부여 프로그램 내용을 고려하여 정규자격 간호사가 현장 1차 치료자(first responder)로 역할 할 수 있도록 간호학 교과과정을 부분 보완해야한다.

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Use of a Genetic Algorithm to Predict the Stiffness Reductions and Retrofitting Effects on Structures Subjected to Seismic Loads (지진하중을 받은 구조물의 유전알고리즘 기반 강성저하 및 보강 효과 추정)

  • Lee, Jae-Hun;Ahn, Kwang-Sik;Lee, Sang-Youl
    • Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.193-199
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    • 2020
  • This study examines a method for identifying stiffness reductions in structures subjected to seismic loads and retrofitting effects using a combination of the finite element method and an advanced genetic algorithm. The novelty of this study is the application of seismic loading and its response to anomalies in the tested structure. The technique described in this study may enable not only detection of damaged elements but also the identification of their locations and the extent of damage due to seismic loading. To demonstrate the feasibility of the method, the advanced genetic algorithm is applied to frame and truss bridge structures subjected to El Centro and Pohang seismic loads. The results reveal the excellent computational efficiency of the method and its ability to prevent severe damage from earthquakes.

On the Linkage Between Irrigation Facilities and Rice Production Under Drought Events (가뭄사상 및 농업수리시설물이 쌀 생산량에 미치는 영향에 대한 상관 분석)

  • Woo, Seung-Beom;Nam, Won-Ho;Jeon, Min-Gi;Yoon, Dong-Hyun;Kim, Taegon;Sung, Jae-Hoon;Kim, Han-Joong
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.63 no.5
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    • pp.95-105
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    • 2021
  • Drought is a disaster that causes prolonged and wide scale damage. Recently, the severity and frequency of drought occurrences, and drought damage have been increased significantly due to climate change. As a result, a quantitative study of drought factors is needed to better understand and prevent future droughts. In the case of agricultural drought, several existing studies examine the economic damage caused by droughts and their causes, but these studies are not well suited to estimating crop-oriented agricultural drought damage and the factors that absolutely affect agricultural drought. This study determines which factors most affect agricultural drought. It examines meteorological factors and those related to agricultural water supplied by irrigation facilities. Rice paddy production per unit area is lower than the average from the last two years where agricultural drought occurred. We compare the relative frequency of agricultural drought impacts with irrigation facilities, effective reservoir storage, the number of water supply facilities, and the meteorological drought index such as Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). To identify factors that affect agricultural drought, we correlate rice paddy production anomalies with irrigation water supply for the past two years. There was a high positive correlation between rice paddy production and irrigation water usage, and there was a low or moderate negative correlation between rice paddy production anomalies compared to the average of the past two years and SPI. As a result, agricultural water supply by irrigation facilities was judged to be more influential than meteorological factors in rice paddy production. This study is expected to help local governments establish policies related to agricultural drought response.

The Analysis and Classification of Urban Types for Potential Damage from Hazardous Chemical Accidents Using Factor and Cluster Analysis (요인 및 군집분석을 이용한 유해화학물질 사고 잠재적 피해에 대한 도시 유형 분류 및 특성 분석)

  • Lee, Seung Hoon;Ryu, Young Eun;Kim, Kyu Ri;Back, Jong In;Kim, Ho-Hyun;Ban, Yong Un
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.46 no.6
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    • pp.726-734
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    • 2020
  • Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze and classify the characteristics of potential damage from hazardous chemical accidents in 229 administrative units in South Korea by reflecting the social and environmental characteristics of areas where chemical accidents can occur. Methods: A number of indicators were selected through preceding studies. Factor analysis was performed on selected indicators to derive factors, and cluster analysis was performed based on the factor scores. Results: As a result of the cluster analysis, 229 administrative units were divided into three clusters, and it was confirmed that each cluster had its own characteristics. Conclusions: The first cluster, "areas at risk of accident occurrence and spread of damage" was a type with a high potential for accident damage and a high density of hazardous facilities. The second cluster, "Urban infrastructure damage hazard areas" appeared to be a cluster with high urban development characteristics. Finally, the third cluster 'Urban and environmental damage hazard areas' appeared to be a cluster with an excellent natural environment. This study went further from the qualitative discussion related to existing chemical accidents to identify and respond to accident damage by reflecting the social and environmental characteristics of the region. Distinct from the previous studies related to the causes of accidents and the response system, it is meaningful to conduct empirical research focusing on the affected areas by analyzing the possibility of accident damage in reflection of the social and environmental characteristics of the community.

Remote Control of Movable Robot Arm using Gyro Sensor and Flex Sensor (자이로센서와 플렉스 센서를 이용한 이동형 로봇팔 원격 제어)

  • Jang, Jae-Seok;Kim, Min-Soo;Kim, Seong-Jin;Lee, Cheol-Keun;Park, Hyoung-Keun
    • The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.1205-1212
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    • 2021
  • Robots that can actually help people a lot by dealing with dangerous tasks that are difficult for people to do, such as disaster situations, lifesaving, handling dangerous goods, and reconnaissance of dangerous areas, continue to become an issue. Therefore, in this paper, we intend to implement a mobile robot arm that can implement a human motion will on the robot arm to enable active response according to the situation and control the vehicle according to hand movements to give mobility. A controller is manufactured using a flex sensor and agyro sensor, and the roll and pitch values of the two gyro sensors are adjusted to control the angle of the robot arm and specify the vehicle direction. In addition, by designating the levels of the three flex sensors, the motor is operated according to hand movements, and a robot arm is implemented so that objects can be picked up and moved.

Evaluation of Agricultural Drought Disaster Vulnerability Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Entropy Weighting Method (계층화분석 및 엔트로피 가중치 산정 방법에 따른 농업가뭄재해 취약성 평가)

  • Mun, Young-Sik;Nam, Won-Ho;Yang, Mi-Hye;Shin, Ji-Hyeon;Jeon, Min-Gi;Kim, Taegon;Lee, Seung-Yong;Lee, Kwang-Ya
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.63 no.3
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    • pp.13-26
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    • 2021
  • Recent drought events in the South Korea and the magnitude of drought losses indicate the continuing vulnerability of the agricultural drought. Various studies have been performed on drought hazard assessment at the regional scales, but until recently, drought management has been response oriented with little attention to mitigation and preparedness. A vulnerability assessment is introduced in order to preemptively respond to agricultural drought and to predict the occurrence of drought. This paper presents a method for spatial, Geographic Information Systems-based assessment of agricultural drought vulnerability in South Korea. It was hypothesized that the key 14 items that define agricultural drought vulnerability were meteorological, agricultural reservoir, social, and adaptability factors. Also, this study is to analyze agricultural drought vulnerability by comparing vulnerability assessment according to weighting method. The weight of the evaluation elements is expressed through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), which includes subjective elements such as surveys, and the Entropy method using attribute information of the evaluation items. The agricultural drought vulnerability map was created through development of a numerical weighting scheme to evaluate the drought potential of the classes within each factor. This vulnerability assessment is calculated the vulnerability index based on the weight, and analyze the vulnerable map from 2015 to 2019. The identification of agricultural drought vulnerability is an essential step in addressing the issue of drought vulnerability in the South Korea and can lead to mitigation-oriented drought management and supports government policymaking.

Manufacturing and Characteristic Evaluation of Free space Optical Communication Devices in 5G Mobile Base Stations for Emergency Disaster Response (긴급재난 대응용 5G 이동 기지국을 위한 대기공간 광통신 장치의 제작과 특성평가)

  • Jin-Hyeon Chang
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.131-138
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    • 2023
  • In this paper, a free space optical communication device that can be used in a mobile base station of several km or less was fabricated and its characteristics were investigated. To overcome the loss due to atmospheric transmission, an optical fiber amplifier (EDFA) with an output of 23 dBm or more was used. In order to increase the focusing speed and miniaturization of the laser beam, an optical lens was manufactured, and a transmission lens was designed to have beam divergence within the range of 1.5 to 1.8 [mrad]. A PT module that controls PAN/TILT was fabricated in order to reduce pointing errors and effective automatic alignment between transceiver devices. In this study, Reed-Solomon (RS) code was used to maintain the transmission quality above a certain level. It was manufactured to be able to communicate at a wireless distance of 300m in a weather situation with visibility of 300m. For performance measurement, it was measured using BERT and eye pattern analyzer, and it was confirmed that BER can be maintained at 2.5Gbps.

A constrained minimization-based scheme against susceptibility of drift angle identification to parameters estimation error from measurements of one floor

  • Kangqian Xu;Akira Mita;Dawei Li;Songtao Xue;Xianzhi Li
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.119-131
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    • 2024
  • Drift angle is a significant index for diagnosing post-event structures. A common way to estimate this drift response is by using modal parameters identified under natural excitations. Although the modal parameters of shear structures cannot be identified accurately in the real environment, the identification error has little impact on the estimation when measurements from several floors are used. However, the estimation accuracy falls dramatically when there is only one accelerometer. This paper describes the susceptibility of single sensor identification to modelling error and simulations that preliminarily verified this characteristic. To make a robust evaluation from measurements of one floor of shear structures based on imprecisely identified parameters, a novel scheme is devised to approximately correct the mode shapes with respect to fictitious frequencies generated with a genetic algorithm; in particular, the scheme uses constrained minimization to take both the mathematical aspect and the realistic aspect of the mode shapes into account. The algorithm was validated by using a full-scale shear building. The differences between single-sensor and multiple-sensor estimations were analyzed. It was found that, as the number of accelerometers decreases, the error rises due to insufficient data and becomes very high when there is only one sensor. Moreover, when measurements for only one floor are available, the proposed method yields more precise and appropriate mode shapes, leading to a better estimation on the drift angle of the lower floors compared with a method designed for multiple sensors. As well, it is shown that the reduction in space complexity is offset by increasing the computation complexity.

Cost-benefit Analysis of a Farmstead-specific Early Warning Service for Agrometeorological Disaster Risk Management (농업기상재해 위험 관리를 위한 농장별 조기경보서비스의 비용편익 분석)

  • Shim, Kyo-Moon;Jeong, Hak-Kyun;Lim, Young-Ah;Shin, Yong-Soon;Kim, Yong-Seok;Choi, In-tae;Jung, Myung-Pyo;Kim, Hojung
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.195-202
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    • 2017
  • This study aims to suggest the basics for the implementation of the farmstead-specific early warning system (FEWS) for weather risk management nationwide. A survey by questionnaire was conducted to examine farmer's response, and a cost-benefit analysis was made to examine the effect of the FEWS on the economy. The farmers who volunteered to participate in this survey responded that they were generally satisfied with the FEWS, and that they used it well for farming. Willingness to pay (WTP) for the early warning service was estimated to be 8,833 KRW per month by survey respondents. If the early warning service is extended to nationwide and 50% of farmers use it for six months, then the ratio of benefit to cost will be 2.2, indicating that nationwide expansion of the FEWS is very feasible.

A Study on Risk Mitigation Measures of NaTech Damage Effect of Hazardous Chemical Storage Tank - Focus on Triggered by Earthquake - (화학물질 저장탱크의 NaTech 피해영향 저감방법 연구 - 지진으로 인한 사고 중심으로 -)

  • Lee, Tae-Hyung;Lee, Hyun-Seung;Yoo, Byung-Tae
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.79-88
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    • 2018
  • This study presents an evaluation method to estimate the damage scale of chemical storage tank of petrochemical plant due to the earthquake that is likely to occur among NaTech damage types. Based on this, the risk for damage reduction of chemical storage tanks was evaluated. As a result of the study, the risk of the storage tank increased greatly considering the earthquake, and the risk was greatly reduced as a result of evaluating the proposed measures to mitigate the damage impact on the earthquake. This study is expected to contribute to the research on the reduction of NaTech damages such as typhoons and thunderstorms as well as earthquakes, and to establish an emergency response plan. In the future, it is necessary to systematically study and institutionalize the risk reduction measures considering earthquakes.