• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2008

This paper presents a new approach of a evaluation of location marginal prices(LMPs) considering demand response resources in the competitive electricity market. The stabilization of the electric power supply and demand balance has been one of the major important activities in electric power industry. Recently, much attention is paid to the demand-side resources which are responsive to incentives or time-varying prices and existing power system planning and operation activities are incorporated with the so-called demand response resources. In this paper, we first present an analytical method for calculation of LMPs considering demand response resources and then break down the LMPs into three components. In this study, we assume that Korean power system consists of two major regions, one which is the metropolitan and the other is non-metropolitan region. In the case study, we have considered several LMPs cases with different use of locational demand response resource and we can obtain a locational signal to demand response resources. Also, the economics of demand response resources are evaluated, compared with the increase of transmission line capacity and of generation capacity.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권6호
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• pp.1097-1102
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• 2011

This paper proposes the registration information, the participation information for classifying demand resources participate in demand response program. Modeling demand resources from them, it evaluates values of demand resources. Specially assuming that ignore the loss in power system, they take a role as generation. This paper proposes how to evaluate demand resources' values. Case study shows that demand response operators schedule efficiently demand response program by using index of such as the registration information the participation information of demand resource.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권12호
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• pp.2221-2224
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• 2011

During an emergency due to a shortage of power, a load aggregator (LA) can use the demand response operation system to deploy demand response resources (DRRs) through various demand response (DR) programs. This paper introduces the demand response operation system for a load aggregator to manage various demand response resources in a smart grid environment.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.69-86
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• 2007

The fire department has one of the most important role as public resources of response to disasters in the aspect of supply and the adequate distribution of resources of response is essential, but the distribution of the response capability to disaster of fire department does not reflect the regional hazard vulnerability and hazard risks. Researchers performed database process with simple mapping based on the regional fire disaster response capability and the regional hazard vulnerability and hazard risks. The cities and towns are divided to four types each, total eight types and relative threat ratios are extracted from every type. The fire disaster response capability was extracted from number of firemen and fire vehicles in defined region. The distribution of the fire disaster response capability was inadequate and not matching to relative threat especially in small cities and some types of towns. The regional relative threat and resources should be analyzed by more delicate mapping and software development in the future.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2011

During disaster response, prioritization of limited resources is one of the most important but challenging tasks. At the same time, it is imperative to timely provide to the rescuers with the adequate heavy equipment to facilitate lifesaving operations. However, supply of high demand equipment is usually insufficient during the initial phase of disaster response, challenging lifesaving operations. At the same time, resources outside of the disaster affected zone converge into the area to assist the response efforts, which is the effect of convergence that often made resource coordination challenging in large scale disasters. Meanwhile, the initial condition of the disaster is usually best known by civilians already at the area before and during impact of the disaster. The knowledge of the civilians is not always received and considered by the responding organizations. With the help of these civilians, critical information such as victim location, infrastructure damage, and risk condition could be better know before any response actions are taken. To efficiently collect information and utilize the converging resources, this paper proposes a geospatial information repository for initial condition reporting and update to guide search and rescue operations and deployment of equipment with safety considerations for the rescuers in large scale disaster response scenarios.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2017

Response surface methodology (RSM) is a useful set of statistical techniques for modeling and optimizing responses in research studies of food science. In the analysis of response surface data, a second-order polynomial regression model is usually used. However, sometimes we encounter situations where the fit of the second-order model is poor. If the model fitted to the data has a poor fit including a lack of fit, the modeling and optimization results might not be accurate. In such a case, using a fullest balanced model, which has no lack of fit, can fix such problem, enhancing the accuracy of the response surface modeling and optimization. This article presents how to develop and use such a model for the better modeling and optimizing of the response through an illustrative re-analysis of a dataset in Park et al. (2014) published in the Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.100-104
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• 2017

This paper analyzes the correlation between Net Benefit Test (NBT) and System marginal price (SMP), which has a significant impact on the allocation of demand response (DR) resources in resource scheduling and commitment (RSC) process, based on the performance data of the demand resource market which has been established in 2014. Demand resources compete with generation resources in the RSC process, and it is prescribed to use demand resources only when net benefit occurs. Analysis result shows that the larger the SMP than the Net Benefit Threshold Price (NBTP), the more the winning bid of demand response resource was. It is interpreted that the introduction of NBT in DR market is justified. The demand resource market has been steadily growing. It is required to expand the scope of resources up to the small-sized DR, and to expand the functionalities of demand resources not only in the current energy market but also in the reserve market in the future. In order for that, institutional improvements are required.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2007

자극-반응(stimulus-response method)법을 이용하여 1단과 다단 혼합침강형 추출장치의 물질흐름특성을 규명하기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과, 1단 추출장치의 혼합조의 반응특성은 CSTR과 동일한 결과를 나타내었으며 혼합-침강조의 반응특성에서는 시간 지연 효과가 나타나며, 단수가 증가할수록 시간지연효과는 증가하였다. 1단과 다단 추출장치의 반응특성 실험결과를 RTD모델 해석프로그램인 K-RTD를 이용하여 분석하여 1단 및 다단 추출기의 RTD을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 1단 및 다단 혼합침강조형 추출기의 RTD 모델에 의한 계산값과 실험값에 대한 상관 계수는 각각 0.963과 0.995로 비교적 높은 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.789-795
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• 2014

In a demand response (DR) market run by independent system operators (ISOs), load aggregators are important market participants who aggregate small retail customers through various DR programs. A load aggregator can minimize the allocation cost by efficiently allocating its demand response resources (DRRs) considering retail customers' characteristics. However, the uncertain response behaviors of retail customers can influence the allocation strategy of its DRRs, increasing the economic risk of DRR allocation. This paper presents a risk-based DRR allocation method for the load aggregator that takes into account not only the physical characteristics of retail customers but also the risk due to the associated response uncertainties. In the paper, a conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) is applied to deal with the risk due to response uncertainties. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.363-370
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• 2017

In this study, Quercus acutissima seedlings were subjected to drought for 30 days then analyzed to determine their response to water deficit. The growth phenotype, chlorophyll fluorescence response, fresh weight, dry weight, photosynthetic pigment levels, soluble sugar content, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured to evaluate the effects of drought on plant growth and physiology. The growth phenotype was observed by infrared (IR) digital thermal imaging after 30 days of drought treatment. The maximum, average, and minimum temperatures of drought-treated plant leaves were $1-2^{\circ}C$ higher than those of the control. In contrast, the fresh and dry weights of the dehydrated leaves were generally lower than those of the control. There were no significant differences between treatments in terms of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid levels. Nevertheless, for the drought treatment, the $F_v/F_m$ and $F_v/F_o$ ratios (chlorophyll fluorescence response) were lower than those for the control. Therefore, photosynthetic activity was lower in the dehydrated plants than the control. The drought-stressed Q. acutissima S0536 had lower soluble sugar (glucose and fructose) and higher MDA levels than the controls. These findings may explain the early growth and physiological responses of Q. acutissima to dehydration and facilitate the selection of drought-resistant tree families.