• 수면정신생리
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.170-176
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• 1998

Nowadays light therapy is accepted practice in the treatment for Seasonal Affective Disorder. The author reviewed the practical aspects of light therapy, latest treatment research on optimal parameters of light therapy and the mechanisms of action of light therapy. Therapeutic efficacy of light therapy using light visors & dawn simulators has been suggested but further studies are needed to clarify the efficacy. The treatment most strongly supported by research studies is light therapy using a light box to administer bright white light (2500 lux for 2 hours or 10000 lux for 30 minutes). Although some patients may be selective responders to morning light exposure, the optimal timing of light exposure still remains controversial. In practice, generally the duration of exposure can be increased or decreased as necessary and also the timing of exposure can be splitted (e.g. AM/PM usage) if optimal response is obtained. For most, a positive response of light therapy is usually noted within $4{\sim}5\;days$ and optimal response is obtained within 2 weeks. Generally the relapse of symptom occurs within days of discontinuation of light therapy, so to prevent relapse, light therapy should be continued throughout the winter season for typical seasonal affective disorder. Side effects of light therapy appear to be mild and well tolerated. Several theories for the mechanisms of action of light therapy at the basis of seasonal affective disorder had been suggested but remain still controversial. Further studies on the optimal parameters and the mechanisms of light therapy help us to better understand and treat not only seasonal affective disorders but also chronobiological disorders and nonseasonal affective disorders.

• Korean Journal of Anesthesiology
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• 제71권6호
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• pp.453-458
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• 2018

Background: Pain on injection is a limitation with propofol use. The effect of the Valsalva maneuver on pain during propofol injection has not been studied. This maneuver reduces pain through the sinoaortic baroreceptor reflex arc and by distraction. We aimed to assess the efficacy of the Valsalva maneuver in reducing pain during propofol injection. Methods: Eighty American Society of Anesthesiologists class I adult patients undergoing general anesthesia were enrolled and divided into two groups of 40 each. Group I (Valsalva) patients blew into a sphygmomanometer tube raising the mercury column up to 30 mmHg for 20 seconds, while Group II (Control) patients did not. Anesthesia was induced with 1% propofol immediately afterwards. Pain was assessed on a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS), where 0 represented no pain, and 10, the worst imaginable pain, and a 4-point withdrawal response score, where 0 represented no pain, and 3, the worst imaginable pain. Scores were presented as median (interquartile range). Results: We analyzed the data of 70 patients. The incidence of pain was significantly lower in the Valsalva than in the control group (53% vs. 78%, P = 0.029). The withdrawal response score was significantly lower in the Valsalva group (1.00 [0.00-1.00] vs. 2.00 [2.00-3.00], P < 0.001). The VAS score was significantly lower in the Valsalva group (1.00 [0.00-4.00] vs. 7.00 [6.25-8.00], P < 0.001). Conclusions: A prior Valsalva maneuver is effective in attenuating injection pain due to propofol; it is advantageous in being a non-pharmacological, safe, easy, and time-effective technique.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3213-3218
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• 2012

When patients with advanced breast cancer (ABC) are treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), efficacy is monitored by the extent of tumor shrinkage. Since their publication in 1981, World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines have been widely practiced in clinical trials and oncologic practice, for standardized tumor response evaluation. With advances in cancer treatment and tumor imaging, a simpler criterion based on one-dimensional rather than bi-dimensional (WHO) tumor measurement, named Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) was introduced in 2000. Both approaches have four response categories: complete response, partial response, stable disease and progressive disease (PD). Bi-dimensional measurement data of 151 patients with ABC were analysed with WHO and RECIST criteria to compare their response categories and inter criteria reproducibility by Kappa statistics. There was 94% concordance and 9/151 patients were recategorized with RECIST including 6/12 PD cases. RECIST therefore under-estimates and delays diagnosis of PD. This is undesirable because it may delay or negate switch over to alternate therapy. Analysis was repeated with a new criteria named RECIST-Breast (RECIST-B), with a lower threshold for PD (${\geq}10%$ rather than ${\geq}20%$ increase of RECIST). This showed higher concordance of 97% with WHO criteria and re-categorization of only 4/151 patients (1/12 PD cases). RECIST-B criteria therefore have advantages of both ease of measurement and calculations combined with excellent concordance with WHO criteria, providing a practical clinical tool for response evaluation and offering good comparison with past and current clinical trials of NACT using WHO guidelines.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2005

Objectives: The study investigated the efficacy of oral Korean red-ginseng (RG) on sCRP response mediated by eccentric contraction-induced muscle damage and discussed its mechanism. Methods: Nineteen healthy young subjects (aged 24.4$\pm$2.07 yr) volunteered for this double blind test. They were classified into either the RG group (N=10) or placebo (P) group (N=9) during the 10-d experimental protocol. Blood samples were collected on T1 (baseline), T1 (1h), T2 (1d), T3 (2d) and T4 (3d) after eccentric contraction-induced injury on the seventh day. Statistical analyses were conducted using nonparametric methods (p<0.05). Results: The RG group increased sCRP more than P group and didn't increase soreness peak at T2, not significant. There were no correlations between soreness intensity and sCRP. Oral RG had little efficacy for reducing sCRP at the muscle damage-mediated acute phase; rather, it increased because of its proinflammatory cytokine production. Conclusions: Oral RG could stimulate proinflammatory cytokine production, and occasionally bal-pyo-beob could be helpful for the efficient recovery of muscle injury.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.6587-6590
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• 2014

Objective: To further observe the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed, combined with Irinotecan or oxaliplatin or cisplatin in treating patients with advanced gastric cancer as second-line or third-line chemotherapy. Methods: From September 2013 to February 2014 we recruited 50 patients with advanced gastric cancer, with stage IV disease or postoperative recurrence, or unresectable. Then treated with pemetrexed based chemotherapy. After two cycles of treatment, efficacy and toxicity were evaluated. Results: Pemetrexed based chemotherapy was used as second-line in 33 patients, RR(CR+PR) is 41.2%. And achieved 36.4% when used as third-line. Overall response rate of 50 patients treated with Pemetrexed based treatment was 38% (CR+PR). Treatment related side effects were bone marrow suppression, vomiting, hepatic dysfunction and malaise.No treatment related death occurred. Conclusions: Treatment with pemetrexed based chemotherapy is active and is well tolerated in patients with advanced gastric cancer.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.265-276
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• 2009

Various Pushover analysis methodologies have evolved as an easy as well as designers-friendly alternative of nonlinear dynamic analysis for estimation of the inelastic demands of structures under seismic loading for performance based design. In fact, the established nonlinear dynamic analysis to assess the same, demands considerable analytical and computational background and rigor as well as intuitive insight into inelastic behavior for judging suitability of the results and its interpretation and hence may not be used in design office for frequent practice. In this context, the simple and viable alternative of Pushover analysis methodologies can be accepted if its efficacy is thoroughly judged over all possible varieties of the problems. Though this burning issue has invited some research efforts in this direction, still a complete picture evolving very clear guidelines for use of these alternate methodologies require much more detailed studies, providing idea about how the accuracy is influenced due to various combinations of basic parameters regulating inelastic dynamic response of the structures. The limited study presented in the paper aims to achieve this end to the extent possible. The study intends to identify the range of applicability of the technique and compares the efficacy of various alternative Pushover analysis schemes to general class of problems. Thus, the paper may prove useful in judicial use of Pushover analysis methodologies for performance based design with reasonable accuracy and relative ease.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.18-30
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• 2002

So far, the environmentally responsible behavior(ERB) model has been applied successfully to explain environment behaviors. But the ERB model has several limitations such as underestimation of social factors on environment behaviors. This study planned to point out that the emotional aspects should be considered seriously for explaining human's behaviors to conserve the environment in the ERB model. In this study, the effects of emotional aspects, such as perceived severity or perceived danger, on environment behaviors were investigated and the protective motivation theory(Rogers, 1983) and the ERB-based tentative model were compared Results showed that teenagers in urban areas realized clearly the severity and danger of environmental threats and do environmentally responsible behaviors more than ones in rural areas. Two model's goodness of fit to explain observed environment behaviors were analyzed through the regression analysis and the AMOS analysis. In the regression analysis, self-efficacy, confirmity toward social norm, and knowledge were involved in the regression equation as statistically meaningful variables in the ERB-based tentative model and self-efficacy and perceived severity were involved in the protective motivation theory. Especially, the AMOS analysis showed that the protective motivation theory was more valid model lot explaining environment behaviors than the ERB-based tentative model. In conclusion, it is reasonable that emotional aspects should be considered as meaningful variables for explaining environment behaviors.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.280-287
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• 2009

연구배경: 표피성장인자수용체(epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR) 티로신 활성효소 억제제(tyrosine kinase inhibitor, TKI)는 진행성 비소세포폐암의 새로운 치료제이다. 몇몇 연구 결과 gefitinib와 erlotinib에 대한 반응률과 반응 예측인자에 차이가 있을 가능성을 제시하였다. 저자들은 한국인 진행성 비소세포폐암에서 gefitinib와 erlotinib의 효과 및 독성을 비교하고 각 약제에 대해 서로 다른 반응 예측인자가 있는지 평가하였다. 방 법: 2003년 7월부터 2009년 2월까지 이화여자대학 교부속병원에서 진행성 비소세포폐암으로 gefitinib 또는 erlotinib로 치료 받은 환자들의 임상정보를 수집하였다. 중앙 생존기간은 Kaplan-Meier법으로 계산하였다. 결 과: 대상 환자는 총 86명이었다(gefitinib군 52명 대 erlotinib군 34명). 나이의 중앙값은 64세였고 53명(62%)이 남자였다. 86명 중 83명에서 반응평가가 가능했으며, 83명 중 35명이 반응을 보였고 12명이 안정성 질환이었으며 36명이 진행성 질환으로, 치료 반응률이 42%였고 질병 조절률이 57%였다. 중앙 추적관찰기간 502일 동안, 진행까지의 중앙기간은 129일이었으며 중앙 생존기간은 259일이었다. 치료 반응률(gefitinib 44% 대 erlotinib 39%, p=0.678), 중앙 생존기간(gefitinib 301일 대 erlotinib 202일, p=0.151) 및 병의 진행까지 기간의 중앙값(gefitinib 136일 대 erlotinib 92일, p=0.672)은 두 군 사이에 차이가 없었다. 두 약제는 비슷한 독성을 보였다. Cox 회귀모형을 이용한 다변수분석에서 선암이 생존과 관련된 독립적인 예후인자였다(상대위험도: 0.487, 95% 신뢰구간: 0.292~0.811, p=0.006). 아집단 분석 결과 두 약제에 대한 서로 다른 반응 예측인자는 없었다. 결 론: Gefitinib와 erlotinib 사이에 반응률, 생존기간, 진행까지의 기간 및 독성에 차이는 없었다. 각 약제에 대한 특이적인 반응 예측인자도 없었다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제5권2_3_4호
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• pp.127-140
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• 2002

This paper presents some of the results of a project whose aim has been to produce a full simulation model which would determine the efficacy of pesticides for use by both farmers and the bio-chemical industry. The work presented here describes how crop architecture can be mathematically modelled and how the mechanics of pesticide droplet capture can be simulated so that if a wind assisted droplet-trajectory model is assumed then droplet deposition patterns on crop surfaces can be predicted. This achievement, when combined with biological response models, will then enable the efficacy of pesticide use to be predicted.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.41-76
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• 2001

Rheumatoid arthritis is an incurable chronic inflammatory and destructive arthopathy that affects 1% of the population world-wide. It has substantial personal, social and economic costs. The long-term prognosis is poor: 80 percent of affected patients will become disabled within 20 years after onset of disease. Medical costs of rheumatoid arthritis average ∼$ 6000 (US) per patient (1), Current antirheumatic drugs have limited efficacy and many side effects and more importantly they do not improve the long-term prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis (2). After a decade of few notable advances in therapy, several biological response modifiers that target pathophysiological processes in the disease have now emerged in the clinic. These new drugs are termed biological agents, and although information about their use in the clinic is still limited to short term treatment, they appear to have the ability to modify disease progress. In addition, COX-2 selective agents have now been approved that have comparable efficacy with standard NSAIDs, but fewer gastrointestinal side effects (3). Thus today many more therapeutic options are suddenly open to patients that even five years ago had little hope of relief from chronic pain and inflammation.