• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.369-385
• /
• 2009

In this paper, the authors intended to summarize briefly the features of lymphoma with regard to $^{18}F$-FDG PET for assessment of tumor response to therapy, to describe why assessment of treatment response should be performed, to review what method so far has been used in monitoring treatment response, to discuss what limitations of morphologic imaging criteria for assessing tumor response are, in compared with $^{18}F$-FDG PET, and to introduce recently proposed criteria for assessing tumor response in malignant lymphoma. And also the authors emphasize the need to understand the characteristics of diagnostic performance of $^{18}F$-FDG PET in several clinical settings in order to interpret $^{18}F$-FDG PET results appropriately, and to encourage the use of interval likelihood ratio to enhance clinical implications of test results which, in turns, allows referring physicians to understand the meaning of interpretation with easy. Until recently, treatment response has been assessed according to the morphologic criteria. Metabolic imaging with $^{18}F$-FDG PET was adopted to have important role for treatment assessment in IWC+PET criteria proposed recently by IHP. To accomplish this role, we should perform and interpret $^{18}F$-FDG PET according to IWC+PET criteria. It is important for referring physicians to understand the various limitations of $^{18}F$-FDG PET and pitfalls in PET interpretation, and to understand that clinical information are needed by nuclear medicine physicians to optimize the interpretation of $^{18}F$-FDG PET.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.65 no.5
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 2023

Due to recent climate change, the amount of rainfall during the summer season in South Korea has been decreasing, leading to an increase in areas affected by frequent droughts. Droughts have the characteristic of occurring over a wide area and being unpredictable in terms of their onset and end, necessitating proactive research to cope with them. In this study, we conducted an assessment of agricultural drought vulnerability in Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, focusing on irrigation facilities and paddy fields. The assessment criteria were meteorological impact, drought occurrence status, supplementary water supply capacity, and drought response capability, with nine specific indicators selected. The drought response capability was analyzed by applying a scoring system as a key component of the agricultural drought vulnerability assessment, while the other indicators were quantified using an entropy weighting technique. The results of the assessment showed that Anmyeon-eup and Taean-eup were the safest areas, while Wonbuk-myeon, Nam-myeon, and Gonam-myeon were the most vulnerable. It is expected that the findings can be utilized to enhance understanding and proactive measures for coping with agricultural drought, and to determine the priority of drought response in different regions.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 2004

Dose-response models in microbial risk assessment can be divided into biologically plausible models and empirical models. Biologically plausible models are formed by the assumptions in dose distribution of microbes, host sensitivity to microbes, and minimal infectious dose of microbes : there are Exponential model and $\beta$-Poisson model, representatively. Empirical models are mainly used to express the toxicity of chemicals : there are Weibull-Gamma model etc. Deviance function (Y) is used to fit available data to dose-response models, and some dose-response models for food-borne pathogens are developed in humans and experimental animals.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.527-544
• /
• 2020

This research presents the design and numerical assessment of composite steel-concrete frame structures with welded dissipative fuses. The assessment has been carried out based on linear response spectrum, nonlinear static pushover and time history procedures. The analytical expressions which define the envelope of the nonlinear response of the dissipative fuses are first presented and calibrated against experimental results available in literature. The assessment is then carried out according to a design methodology proposed herein. Outcomes of the numerical assessment indicate that the use of welded dissipative fuses successfully limited damage within the replaceable parts. Furthermore, although structures with dissipative fuses present lower strength and, generally, lower displacement capacity, their displacement ductility and global dissipative performance are generally higher than conventional structures, especially when the structure with dissipative fuses presents a dissipative configuration adjusted to the bending moment distribution diagram calculated for the applied seismic action.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.17-28
• /
• 1997

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.63-67
• /
• 2008

This study focuses on assessing the security ri sk or the terrorism in chemical process industries. This research modifies conventional method for assessing the terrorism risk. The risk assessment method is developed and it is implemented as software to analyze the possibility of terrorism and sabotage. This program includes five steps; asset characterization, threat assessment, vulnerability analysis, risk assessment and new countermeasures. It is a systematic, risk based approach in which risk is a function of the severity of consequences of an undesired event, the likelihood of adversary attack, and the likelihood of adversary success in causing the undesired event. The reliability of the program is verified using a dock zone case. The case dock zone includes a storage farm, a manufacturing plant, an electrical supply utility, a hydrotreater unit, many containers, and administration buildings. This study represents chemical terrorism response technology, the prevention plan, and new countermeasure to mitigate by using risk assessment methods in the chemical industry and public sector. This study suggests an effective approach to the chemical terrorism response management.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.122-131
• /
• 2002

Recently, performance assessment that makes growing use of free response items in a large scale assessment has been emphasized. This study is an empirical examination of the effectiveness of free response items in comparison with multiple choice items. Using the information function in Item Response Theory (IRT) framework, item information of free response items and multiple-choice items from the Third International Mathematics and Science Study-Repeat (TlMSS-R) were obtained. Test information of the whole science area as well as each area of science contents was computed. On average, free response items yielded more information than multiple choice items, especially in earth science, physics, chemistry, and life science. This study also showed that free response items were appropriate for students in high science ability. Also, free response items estimated students' science ability more accurately than multiple choice items with smaller number of free response items.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.231-245
• /
• 2008

Various methods for detecting changes in response behaviors of indicator specimens are presented for monitoring effects of toxic treatments. The movement patterns of individuals are quantitatively characterized by statistical (i.e., ANOVA, multivariate analysis) and computational (i.e., fractal dimension, Fourier transform) methods. Extraction of information in complex behavioral data is further illustrated by techniques in ecological informatics. Multi-Layer Perceptron and Self-Organizing Map are applied for detection and patterning of response behaviors of indicator specimens. The recent techniques of Wavelet analysis and line detection by Recurrent Self-Organizing Map are additionally discussed as an efficient tool for checking time-series movement data. Behavioral monitoring could be established as new methodology in integrative ecological assessment, tilling the gap between large-scale (e.g., community structure) and small-scale (e.g., molecular response) measurements.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 2021

This study aims to analyze working hours of sprinkler heads when a fire occurs at an indoor gymnasium while sprinkler heads are installed in division of standard response type, special response type, and earlier response type. The fire scenario was designed under the assumption that the fire started from overheating of a heater in the indoor gymnasium has transferred on to a couch to spread. The analysis on the operation time of the standard response type sprinkler head, the special response type sprinkler head and the early response sprinkler head was conducted. The result showed that, in case of fire in a gymnasium, the time for opening of the heat sensor due to the heat from the fire varies by the type of the sprinkler head. When a special response type sprinkler is installed, it worked below the assessment standards. When an early response sprinkler head is installed, it worked appropriately according to assessment standards. Based on the results, we found that sprinkler heads will work properly when installed according to design relevant to laws and regulations. This means that there is a limit in installation of sprinkler heads based on the existing law-based design as for indoor gymnasiums. Again, we conclude that if sprinkler heads are installed based on design made through laws and regulations, more time will be needed for operation, making it highly likely to fail to stop a fire at an earlier point of time.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.967-973
• /
• 2021

In 2011, an earthquake and subsequent tsunami hit the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, causing simultaneous accidents in several reactors. This accident shows us that if there are several reactors on site, the seismic risk to multiple units is important to consider, in addition to that to single units in isolation. When a seismic event occurs, a seismic-failure correlation exists between the nuclear power plant's structures, systems, and components (SSCs) due to their seismic-response and seismic-capacity correlations. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the multi-unit seismic risk by considering the SSCs' seismic-failure-correlation effect. In this study, a methodology is proposed to obtain the seismic-response-correlation coefficient between SSCs to calculate the risk to multi-unit facilities. This coefficient is calculated from a probabilistic multi-unit seismic-response analysis. The seismic-response and seismic-failure-correlation coefficients of the emergency diesel generators installed within the units are successfully derived via the proposed method. In addition, the distribution of the seismic-response-correlation coefficient was observed as a function of the distance between SSCs of various dynamic characteristics. It is demonstrated that the proposed methodology can reasonably derive the seismic-response-correlation coefficient between SSCs, which is the input data for multi-unit seismic probabilistic safety assessment.