• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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• pp.17-17
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• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.242-249
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• 1983

1976~1979년(年)까지 3년(年)동안 강원도(江原道)의 농가포장(農家圃場)에서 실시(實施)한 옥수수에 대(對)한 삼요소시험(三要素試驗) 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. N-P-K 삼요소적량(三要素適量)은 품종별(品種別)로 큰 차이(差異)없이 수원(水原)19호(號) 21.1-11.6-10.6, 부교(復交)2호(號) 23.0-11.9-15.0, 황옥(黃玉)3호(號) 19.8-10.6-9.1kg/10a이었고, 전전환(田輾換) 답토양(畓土壤)에서는 23.3-19.1-10.7kg/10a이었다. 2. 토양(土壤)의 비옥도(肥沃度) 차이(差異)에 따라서 삼요소(三要素) 적량(適量)이 달라 고위지(高位地) 토양(土壤)에서는 N-P-K 각각(各各) 23.4-15.5-13.2kg/10a이었고 저위지(低位地) 토양(土壤)에서는 27.0-15.6-18.8kg/10a으로 적정시비량(適正施肥量)은 고위지(高位地) 토양(土壤)에서 낮으나 수량(收量)에 있어서는 높았다. 3. 옥수수 품종별(品種別) 삼요소(三要素)의 kg당(當) 생산효율(生産效率)은 품종(品種) 및 비종별(肥種別)로 달라 수원(水原)19호(號)는 N-P-K 각각(各各) 26.1-24.5-9.7, 부교(復交)2호(號)는 17.8-13.3-2.0, 황옥(黃玉)3호(號)는 14.6-21.5-4.2kg으로 수원(水原)19호(號)가 높았다. 4. 적절(適切)한 포장관리(圃場管理) 조건(條件)하에서 옥수수 1,000kg/10a 생산(生産)은 위(爲)한 출웅기(出雄期) 적정양분함량(適正養分含量) 범위(範圍)는 토양(土壤)에서 유효인산(有效燐酸) 200ppm, 치환성가리(置換性加里) 0.63ml/100g, 가리포화도(加里飽和度) 5.0%이었고 식물체(植物體)에서는 N 2.86%, $P_2O_5$ 0.73%, $K_2O$ 2.80%로 추정(推定)되었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권11호
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• pp.1241-1248
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• 2009

목 적:가와사끼병은 소아의 후천성 심질환의 가장 흔한 원인이나, 그 원인은 아직 밝혀지지 않았다. 최근 급성 호흡기 감염증의 원인 중 하나인 코로나바이러스(human coronavirus NL63)와 가와사끼병 발병과의 연관성이 제기된 바 있다. 이에 저자들은 급성 호흡기 바이러스 감염증과 가와사끼병의 발병 및 임상적 특징과의 연관성을 연구하고자 하였다. 방 법:2003년 10월부터 2006년 9월까지 서울대학교병원과 분당서울대학교병원에서 가와사끼병으로 진단받은 환자 54명으로부터 비인두 흡인물을 채취하여 총 11가지 호흡기 바이러스(호흡기 세포융합 바이러스, 아데노바이러스, 라이노바이러스, 파라인플루엔자 바이러스 1형 및 3형, 인플루엔자 바이러스 A형 및 B형, 메타뉴모바이러스, 보카바이러스, 코로나바이러스 OC43/229E 및 NL63)를 바이러스 배양검사 혹은 다중 역전사 중합 효소 반응(multiplex RT-PCR)로 검출하였다. 대상 환자들의 임상 양상은 후향적으로 검토하였다. 결 과:대상 환자들의 중앙 연령은 32개월(범위 6개월-10.4세)이었으며, 37례(69%)에서 발병 전에 호흡기 증상이 동반되었다. 호흡기 바이러스는 12례(22%)에서 검출되었으며, 라이노바이러스 4례, 파라인플루엔자 바이러스 3형 2례, 보카바이러스 2례, 그리고 아데노바이러스, 호흡기 세포융합 바이러스, 파라인플루엔자 바이러스 1형, 인플루엔자바이러스 A형, 코로나바이러스 NL63 각각 1례씩 검출되었다. 이 중 파라인플루엔자 바이러스 3형과 라이노바이러스가 중복 검출된 경우가 1례 있었다. 발병 전 호흡기 증상이 동반된 경우는 바이러스 양성군이 7례(58.3%), 음성군이 30례(71.4%)이었고, 정맥내 면역글로불린 1회 치료 후 해열된 경우는 바이러스 양성군이 8례(67%), 음성군이 36례(86%)로 나타났으며, 관상동맥 병변이 2개월 이상 지속된 경우는 바이러스 양성군이 2례(17%), 음성군이 4례(9.5%)이었으나, 모두 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결 론:본 연구에서는 가와사끼병 환자에서 호흡기 증상이 동반되는 경우가 흔하였으나, 특정 호흡기 바이러스와의 인과적 관계는 규명되지 않았다. 본 연구는 소규모 단일기관 연구로서, 향후 대규모 다기관 연구를 통하여 호흡기 바이러스 감염증과 가와사끼병의 연관성 및 예후에 미치는 영향이 검토되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.844-848
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• 2005

배경: 흉곽출구증후군은 상지에 분포하는 신경, 혈관 다발의 눌림에 의해 통증, 감각이상 및 부종 등이 발생하는 질환으로 국내에는 그 보고된 예가 적고 특히 수술까지 이른 경우는 드물다. 상기 질환으로 수술적 치료를 시행 받은 환자의 임상양상 및 그 결과를 분석하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 5월부터 2004년 10월까지 상기 질환으로 진단되어 수술까지 시행한 16명을 대상으로 하였다. 수술의 적응증은 1)일상생활을 수행하는데 지장을 줄 정도의 통증 및 감각마비, 부종 등의 증상이 있으며 2) 적절한 물리치료 후에도 증상의 호전이 없고 3) MRI및 혈관촬영에서 늑골 및 쇄골에 의하여 흉곽 출구의 구조물이 확실하게 눌린 소견이 있으며 4)경추부 추간판 탈출증, 근염, 상완신경총 이하의 신경병변 등을 배제하기 위한 검사를 하여 해당사항이 없는 환자에 한정하였다. 수술 방법은 12예는 액와부접근법을, 2예는 쇄골상부 접근법을, 나머지 2예는 쇄골하부접근법을 사용하였다. 걸과: 환자의 연령은 평균 23.9세($\pm$6.3)였으며 남자가 15명으로 대다수를 차지하였다. 늑골 기형이 있는 환자가 4예(25.0$\%$)였고 나머지는 늑골의 이상은 없었다. 우측병변이 8예(50.0$\%$), 좌측병변이 5예(31.3$\%$), 양측병변이 3예(18.7$\%$)였다. 수술 후 9$\∼$26개월의 추적관찰에서 재발률은 12.5$\%$ (2/16)였다. 합병증으로는 1예에서 수술 중 팔신경얼기의 견인에 의한 손상으로 발생한 척골 신경 마비와 술 후 사진에서 호전되었음에도 지속적인 통증이 1예 있었고, 지방괴사와 혈종에 의한 상처의 파열 및 재수술이 3예였다. 결론: 흉곽유출증후군 환자에서 수술이 효과가 있는가에 대하여는 논란이 되고 있으나, 물리 치료에 반응이 없는 환자에게는 적극적인 수술이 좋은 치료 방법이며 빠른 사회 생활의 복귀에 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2003

This study was done to compile 104 experimental theses which are related to the antitumor and immuno-activating therapies between February 1990 through February 2002. Master's and doctoral theses were dassified by schools, degrees, materials, effects, experimental methods of antitumor and immunoactivity, and results. The following results were obtained from this study : 1. Classifying the theses by the school, 34.6% were presented by Daejeon University, 29.8% by Kyung-hee University and 11.5% by Won-kwang University. Of all theses, 51.0% were aimed for the doctoral degree and 43.3% were for the master's degree. All of three universities have their own cancer centers. 2. Classifying the theses by herb materials, complex prescription accounted for 60.3%, single herb accounted for 24.8% and herbal acupuncture accounted for 14.2%. Considering the key principles of the traditional medicine, complex prescription was much more thoroughly studied than single herb prescription. The results showed that the complex prescription had both antitumor activity and immuno-activating activity, which might reflects on multi-activation mechanisms by complex components. 3. Classifying the theses by the efficacy of herbs examined, in single herb, invigorating spleen and supplementing was 35.5%, expelling toxin and cooling was 29.0%, activating blood flow and removing blood stasis was 12.9%. In herbal acupuncture, invigorating spleen and supplementing was 52.9%, expelling toxin and cooling was 29.4%. In complex prescription, pathogen-free status was 41.9%, strengthening healthy qi to eliminate pathogen was 35.5%, strengthening healthy qi was 22.6%. It is presumed that the antitumor and immunoactivating therapy based on syndrome differentiation is the best way to develop oriental oncology. 4. Classifying the theses by antitumor experiments, cytotoxic effect was 48.1 %, survival time was 48.1 % and change of tumor size was 42.3%. Survival rate was not necessarily correlated with cytotoxicity. These data reflect the characteristic, wholistic nature of the oriental medicine which is based on BRM (biological response modifier). 5. Classifying the theses by immunoactivating experiments, hemolysin titer was 51.0%, hemagglutinin titer was 46.2% and NK cell's activity was 44.2%. In the future studies, an effort to elucidate specific molecular and cellular mechanisms of cytokine production in the body would be crucial. 6. Classifying the theses according to the data in terms of antitumor activity, 50% was evaluated good, 24.0% was excellent, and 15.5% have no effect. In an evaluation of immuno-activating activity, 35.9% was excellent and 18.0% showed a little effect. The index point, as described here, may helps to use experimental data for clinical trials. Changes in index points by varying dosage implicate the importance of oriental medical theory for prescription. 7. In 167 materials, IIP (immunoactivating index point, mean : 3.12±0.07) was significantly higher than AIP(antitumor index point, mean : 2.83±0.07). These data demonstrate that the effect of herb medicine on tumor activity depends more on immunoactivating activity than antitumor activity. This further implies that the development of herbal antitumor drugs must be preceded by the mechanistic understanding of immunoactivating effect. 8. After medline-searching tumor and herb-related articles from NCBI web site, we conclude that most of the studies are primarily focused on biomolecular mechanisms and/or pathways. Henceforth, we need to define the biomolecular mechanisms and/or pathways affected by herbs or complicated prescriptions. 9. Therefore, the most important point of oriental medical oncology is to conned between experimental results and clinical trials. For the public application of herbal therapy to cancer, it is critical to present the data to mass media. 10. To develop the relationship of experimental results and clinical trials, university's cancer clinic must have a long-range plan related to the university laboratories and, at the same time, a regular consortium for this relationship is imperative. 11. After all these efforts, a new type herbal medicine for cancer therapy which is to take care of the long-term administering and safety problem must be developed. Then, it would be expected that anti-tumor herbal acupuncture can improve clinical symptoms and quality of life (QOL) for cancer patients. 12. Finally, oriental medical cancer center must be constructed in NCC (National Cancer Center) or government agency for the development of oriental medical oncology which has international competitive power.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 1998

Thirty three members of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons were surveyed to determine the clinical manifestations and current management of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). The members completed a registration form and a questionnaire that indicated their treatment preferences for patients treated during 1996. The response rate was 84.8 %, and 23 institutions participated. Three hundred and sixty-three cases of IHPS were analysed. The male to female ratio was 5.15: 1. The presenting symptoms were nonbilious vomiting in 363 cases(100 %), palpable mass in the upper abdomen in 200 cases (55.1 %) and visible peristaltic waves in 67 cases(18.5 %). Fluid therapy was done in 161 cases(44.4 %) for preoperative preparation. Twenty patients(5.5 %) were premature. There were 27 low birth weight babies(7.7 %). The onset of symptoms ranged from 1 to 14 weeks of age with a peak occurrence at 2 to 4 weeks of age. Two hundred and thirty-six cases(66.6 %) presented within 4 weeks of age. There was one set of male twins and a family history of twins. The modes of feedings were: breast feeding; 69 cases(24.5 %), formula feeding; 176 cases(62.4 %) and mixed feeding; 37 cases(13.1 %). The preferred diagnostic modalities were ultrasonography (US) 229 cases(63.1 %), UGI series 27 cases(7.4%) and US and UGI series combined 86 cases(23.7 %). Only 21 cases(5.8 %) were operated on without imaging study, ie. with positive physical finding. Perforation of the mucosa during pyloromytomy occurred in 5 cases. All were treated successfully with primary closure. Persistent vomiting over 2 weeks after operation were reported in 5 cases. Three wound infections, one aspiration pneumonia and one postoperative bleeding were reported. There was no mortality in 363 cases.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2012

과채류 공정육묘에서 접목작업 후 버려지는 재사용 상토의 이화학적 특성을 개선할 목적으로 재사용상토와 perlite의 혼합비율이 상토의 이화학적 특성과 과채류 묘소질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 재사용 상토의 적정 혼합비율을 구명하기 위한 시험구는 신규상토(NPM: new plug media)와 1회 사용상토구(UPM: used plug media)및 용적대비 재사용상토의 첨가비율을 25, 50 및 75%로 첨가한 5개의 처리구를 설계한 뒤, 각 처리구별 이화학적 특성과 오이 및 토마토 묘의 묘소질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 또, 재사용 상토의 물리성 개선을 위한 적정 펄라이트 첨가 비율을 구명하기 위한 시험구는 UPM에 용적대비 펄라이트를 0, 5, 10 및 20% 첨가구와 NPM과 UPM을 1 : 1(v : v)로 혼합한 혼합상토(Mixed Soil)에 펄라이트를 0, 5, 10 및 20%를 첨가한 8개의 처리구를 설계하여 각 처리구별 이화학적 특성과 오이 및 토마토 묘의 묘소질에 미치는 영향을 대조구(NPM)와 비교하였다. UPM에 NPM의 혼합비율이 증가할수록 상토의 물리적 특성이 개선되는 경향을 보여 50% 이상 첨가구에서는 신규상토와 공극율, 용적밀도, 보수력은 물론 전반적인 묘소질도 NPM과 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 상토의 이화학적 특성, 플러그묘의 근권형성 정도, 묘소질 등을 종합적으로 고려한 UPM의 물리성 개선을 위한 펄라이트의 적정 혼합비율은 UPM 단용구에서는 20%, NPM과 UPM을 1 : 1(v : v)로 혼합한 상토에서는 10%인 것으로 판단되었다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

기업 운영에서 자금의 원활한 조달은 필수요소이다. 하지만 국내 창업기업과 소상공인의 경우 자금조달에 어려움을 겪고 있는 경우가 많다. 최근 등장한 크라우드펀딩은 개인이나 조직의 특정 활동을 위한 자금을 다수의 개인으로부터 모집하는 행위로 소셜미디어의 확산과 함께 성장하고 있다. 국내 크라우드펀딩은 아직 도입 초기단계로 문화, 예술 분야에 치중되어 있으며 창업분야에서는 공익적 성격을 가진 프로젝트의 비율이 높다. 선진국에 비하여 시장 규모 면에서는 작은 수준이지만 프로젝트의 성공률은 매우 높기 때문에 창업자금 조달의 방안으로 잠재력을 가진다. 본 연구의 목적은 국내 창업분야의 크라우드펀딩 사례를 분석하여 성공전략을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 국내 크라우드펀딩 플랫폼과 미국의 Kickstarter의 프로젝트 현황을 조사하였고, 크라우드펀딩 프로젝트 운영 관련 지표를 이용하여 국내 창업분야 전체 사례들을 분석하였다. 마지막으로는 크라우드펀딩 성공사례와 실패사례를 8개의 프로젝트 속성별로 비교 분석하였다. 분석결과 프로젝트 제안자의 신뢰도와 적극성, 보상의 설계, 쌍방향 소통 노력 정도의 차이가 프로젝트의 성공에 큰 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 반면 공익성과 후원자의 참여기회는 창업분야 프로젝트의 성공에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이를 통하여 다음과 같은 크라우드펀딩 성공전략을 도출하였다. 첫째, 프로젝트의 제안자는 크라우드펀딩 진행 사전에 적극적인 활동을 통하여 지지기반을 확보해야 한다. 둘째, 프로젝트 게시글에서는 사업진행 실적과 진행 과정을 쉽게 확인할 수 있어야 한다. 셋째, 후원 금액에 대한 보상 설계시 금액에 상응하는 제품 또는 서비스가 제공되어야 한다. 넷째, 프로젝트가 시작된 이후에는 주기적인 업데이트와 댓글 관리, SNS를 통한 소통 노력이 뒷받침되어야 한다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 소화와 혈액순환을 돕고, 항암, 향균, 콜레스테롤 생합성 억제, 혈압강하 등의 생리활성 기능을 함유한 홍국 분말을 스폰지 케이크에 첨가하여 가장 적합한 배합비율을 찾고자 하였으며, 홍국 스폰지 케이크의 품질 특성 및 노화 억제 영향을 살펴보았다. 홍국 분말은 동결 건조하여 40 mesh 체를 통과한 것을 사용하였고, 밀가루의 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% 및 20%로 첨가수준을 달리하여 control, RYR5, RYR10, RYR15 및 RYR20으로 스폰지 케이크를 제조하였다. 비중 측정 결과, RYR15가 0.57로 가장 낮은 비중을 나타내었으며, 굽기 손실율의 경우 대조군 및 첨가군 간에 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다(p<0.05). 반죽 수율의 경우, RYR15가 96.61로 가장 높게 나타났다. 수분함량 측정결과, 대조군, RYR-5 및 RYR15가이 28.67%, 28.18% 및 26.82% 순으로 높은 수분함량을 나타내었다. 색도는 스폰지 케이크 외부의 L값(명도)의 경우 홍국 분말의 첨가량에 따라 L값이 증가하였고, 반면에 스폰지 케이크 내부의 L값은 첨가량에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. a값(적색도)의 경우, 첨가량이 증가할수록 외부의 a값은 감소하였으며, 내부의 a값은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. b값(황색도)의 경우, 홍국 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 스폰지 케이크의 외부, 내부 모두 감소하는 경향을 보였다. pH의 경우, RYR5가 8.63으로 가장 높은 값을 나타내었으며, RYR15는 8.57로 가장 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 스폰지 케이크를 제조하여 60분간 방냉 후 조직감을 측정한 결과, 경도는 RYR15가 $163.33g/cm^2$로 가장 낮았으며, 탄력성은 시료간 유의적인 차이가 없었다(p<0.05). 응집성의 경우 RYR10이 133.06%으로 가장 높았다. 씹힘성의 경우, RYR10이 $391.63g{\cdot}cm$로 가장 높았으며, RYR15가 $169.92g{\cdot}cm$로 가장 낮았다. 노화 억제 분석을 위한 Avrami 방정식에서는 RYR15와 RYR20이 각각 0.0664와 0.4983으로 시료 중 가장 낮은 Avrami 지수(n)를 나타내었으며, 시간상수(1/k)는 RYR20이 200.00으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 관능 검사 결과, RYR15이 색(5.50), 향(4.95), 단맛(4.90), 씹힘성(4.75) 및 전반적인 기호도(4.60)에서 가장 높은 점수를 나타내었다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.349-354
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• 2013

본 실험은 고온기 근권냉방이 파프리카의 배지온도 하강과 파프리카의 생리적 반응에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 7월 16일부터 10월 15일까지 코이어 배지에서 재배하였다. 냉방방식은 공기순환 덕트(지름 12cm, 미세구멍(0.1mm)으로 찬 공기(7월~8월; $20{\pm}2^{\circ}C$, 9월; $23{\pm}2^{\circ}C$)를 야간시간(오후 5시~오전 3시) 공급하였다. 고온기(7월 23일부터 8월 31일) 중 파프리카 배지의 일평균 온도가 냉방처리구는 $24.7^{\circ}C$, 대조구는 $28.2^{\circ}C$로, 냉방처리구에서 대조구보다 $3.0{\sim}5.6^{\circ}C$ 배지온도가 낮아졌다. 하루 중 맑은 날($650{\sim}700W{\cdot}m^{-2}$) 주간(오전 5시~오후 8시)/야간(오후8시~오전5시) 냉방처리구 배지 온도는 대조구보다 $1.7^{\circ}C/3.3^{\circ}C$ 낮아졌다. 오후 6시에서 8시까지 초저녁 배지온도 하강속도가 냉방처리구에서는 평균 $0.5^{\circ}C/h$, 대조구는 $0^{\circ}C/h$였다. 배지 상부와 하부 간의 대조구 대비 냉방처리구의 온도차도 각각 $1.3^{\circ}C$, $0.6^{\circ}C$였다. 냉방처리는 고온($28{\sim}32^{\circ}C$) 배지 온도 노출율을 대조구 대비 32.5% 감소시켰다. 냉방처리구의 파프리카 광합성, 증산율 및 수분포텐셜은 대조구보다 높았다. 첫 개화시기도 대조구보다 4일 앞당겨지고, 착과수도 증가하였다. 냉방처리구의 엽장은 짧아졌으나, 초장, 경경, 분지수, 엽폭 등은 차이가 없었다. 야간 근권냉방으로 배지 온도가 $3.0{\sim}5.6^{\circ}C$를 낮추었으나, 고온기 온실 온도가 고온에서는 파프리카 착과가 지연되므로, 지상부 온도 하강 방법을 병행하면 파프리카 생육과 착과에 효과적이라 판단된다.