• 시큐리티연구
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• 제13호
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• pp.113-144
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• 2007

9${\cdot}$11 테러 이후 우리는 뉴테러리즘이라는 용어를 많이 접하고 있다. 뉴테러리즘의 형태중 가장 전형적인 모습이 생물테러리즘이다. 그러나 생물테러리즘에 대하여는 자료의 특수성으로 인해 접근이 제한되고 있으며 이로 인해 일반시민들의 인지도 부족하고, 전문가들의 연구도 활성화되어 있지 아니한 분야이기도 하다. 생물테러는 국가적인 위기이므로 위기관리 관점에서 다루면 좀 더 구체적은 대비책을 찾을 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 위기관리 4단계를 중심으로 하는 단계별 대비 활동을 구체화하여 생물테러에 적용한다면 단계별 활동할 사항을 도출할 수 있고 우리의 대비실태를 점검할 수 있을 것이다. 생물테러는 발생하기는 어렵지만, 발생하면 국가적으로 많은 혼란을 가져올 것이다. 따라서 지구상 생물테러가 발생한 사례와 생물테러와 유사한 사례를 찾아 연구된다면 우리나라의 생물테러대비에 많은 시사점과 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다 .이러한 관점에서 최근 한구고가 유사한 문화와 환경을 가진 중국에서 발생한 SARS 사례는, 생물테러 사태는 아니지만 예상하지 못한 시기와 장소에서 발생한 강력한 전염병에 대응한 사례로서 생물테러 대비에 많은 시사점을 준다고 할 것이다. 본 고에서는 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 중국에서 SARS에 대응한 사례를 중심으로 생물테러라는 국가위기를 관리/대응하기 위한 활동을 위기관리 4 단계 즉 완화 및 예방단계, 대비단계, 대응단계, 복구단계로 구분하여 알아보았다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2013

Sexual behavior is crucial in life, yet comparatively little is known about the mechanisms in the sexual response in humans. A lot of theories and models have been developed to explain about the process of the sexual response in humans. The first model of sexual function was described by Masters and Johnson, defined the four-phase model (phases of excitation, plateau, orgasm and resolution). Helen Kaplan proposed a slightly different model of human sexual response by adding the conception of the desire phase. Some years later, a new model of circular sexual response pattern was described by Whipple and Brash-McGreer, who acknowledged the cyclic nature of women's sexual response. Basson presented an alternative model of women's normative sexual function, which featured a responsive form of desire in women's sexual response. Bancroft developed a new theoretical model, the Dual Control Model, which postulates sexual response and arousal is ultimately determined by the balance between the sexual activation or excitation system and the sexual inhibition system. The Sexual Tipping Point is a model created by Perelman, suggesting that a sexual response is determined by a balance between excitatory or inhibitory factors that may be psychological, organic, psychosocial, or cultural. A comprehensive understanding of sexual response and function is of paramount importance for the psychiatrist to study sex, offer counseling to the patient on sex, and practice sex therapy. In this literature, models of sexual response would be reviewed to understand the knowledge of the sexual functioning in humans.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.787-795
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• 1997

This descriptive study was conducted to ascertain whether the needs of patients with cancer, their caregivers and their nurses changed according to the illness phases and if the perceived needs of the three groups were different for three categories of nursing needs. At two hospitals in Seoul and Choongnam, three groups of subjects, -patients with cancer(79), caregivers(92), and nurses(72) - responded to a questionnaire consisting of items on educational need(11 items), physical need(8 items), emotional need(9 items) using a 4-point Likert scale. The patients and caregivers were selected according to the phase of the cancer (initial, intermediate or recurred, terminal phases). Finding revealed that the level of perception and degree of satisfaction of the needs were low, just around two points in patients and caregivers. Of the three categories of needs, physical needs were received the highest score and the degree of satisfaction of physical needs was also the highest. There was no significant difference between the level of perception and satisfaction of needs in patients and caregivers according to the phases of the illness and the degree of per reception and the satisfaction of the patients were not significantly different and caregivers showed the same result. There was a significant difference in the level of importance of the needs of nurses according to the phases of the cancer. They perceived emotional needs were the most important in first phase and second phase, physical needs in third phase and the educational needs were more important in the first phase than in any other phase. The degree of importance of needs was significantly lower than the degree to which needs were addressed, according to the nurses response. In a comparison of patient and caregiver's perceived degrees of need, and need satisfaction, and nurse's perceived degree of need provision, patient and caregiver scores were lower than the nurses.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.495-508
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• 2012

The present paper is focused on the prediction of the acrosswind aeroelastic response of square tall buildings. In particular, a semi-analytical procedure is proposed based on the assumption that square tall buildings, for reduced velocities corresponding to operational conditions, do not experience vortex shedding resonance or galloping and fall in the range of positive aerodynamic damping. Under these conditions, aeroelastic wind tunnel tests can be unnecessary and the response can be correctly evaluated using wind tunnel tests on rigid models and analytical modeling of the aerodynamic damping. The proposed procedure consists of two phases. First, simultaneous measurements of the pressure time histories are carried out in the wind tunnel on rigid models, in order to obtain the aerodynamic forces. Then, aeroelastic forces are analytically evaluated and the structural response is computed through direct integration of the equations of motion considering the contribution of both the aerodynamic and aeroelastic forces. The procedure, which gives a conservative estimate of the aeroelastic response, has the advantage that aeroelastic tests are avoided, at least in the preliminary design phase.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2000년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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• pp.253-257
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• 2000

A new improved variable structure controller is designed to drive uncertain linear systems to any given point by using a sliding surface with an integral of state error for removing any reaching phases. Predetermination or prediction of output response is feasible for all the persistent disturbances. The usefulness of the proposed algorithm is verified through an illustrative example.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.282-293
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• 2009

본 연구는 겨울철과 여름철에 8개의 다른 MJO 전파 위상에 따라 동아시아 지역에서 강수와 기온, 순환 아노말리에 대하여 매든-줄리안 진동(MJO)/계절내 진동(ISO)의 영향에 대하여 고찰하였다. MJO의 중심이 동인도양에 위치한 3번 위상과 MJO의 중심이 서반구에 위치한 8번 위상에서 한반도의 겨울철 강수 패턴이 비선형적으로 나타난다. 이 두 위상에서 MJO의 강도가 2보다 작은 경우 양의 아노말리가 나타나는 반면에 2보다 큰 경우 음의 강수 아노말리가 나타났다. MJO 강도가 클 때 나타나는 이러한 음의 강수 아노말리는 한반도가 고기압성 아노말리 영역에 놓이고 북풍계열의 바람에 의한 한랭 건조한 바람의 이류에 의해 형성된다. 또한 본 연구에서는 여름철 ISO의 동진 및 북진 전파 위상에 따른 강수와 순환의 반응을 연구하였다.

• Interaction and multiscale mechanics
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.263-276
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• 2009

This paper is intended to investigate interaction response of a train running over a suspension bridge undergoing support settlements. The suspension bridge is modeled as a single-span suspended beam with hinged ends and the train as successive moving oscillators with identical properties. To conduct this dynamic problem with non-homogeneous boundary conditions, this study first divides the total response of the suspended beam into two parts: the static and dynamic responses. Then, the coupled equations of motion for the suspended beam carrying multiple moving oscillators are transformed into a set of nonlinearly coupled generalized equations by Galerkin's method, and solved using the Newmark method with an incremental-iterative procedure including the three phases: predictor, corrector, and equilibrium-checking. Numerical investigations demonstrate that the present iterative technique is available in dealing with the dynamic interaction problem of vehicle/bridge coupling system and that the differential movements of bridge supports will significantly affect the dynamic response of the running vehicles but insignificant influence on the bridge response.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.207-219
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• 2022

Seismic response control has always been a grave concern with the damage and collapse of many buildings during the past earthquakes. While there are several existing techniques like base isolation, viscous damper, moment-resisting beam-column connections, tuned mass damper, etc., many of these are succumbing to either of large displacement, near-fault, and long-period earthquakes. Keeping this viewpoint, extensive research on the application of smart materials for seismic response control of buildings was attempted during the last decade. Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) with its unique properties of superelasticity and shape memory effect is one of the smart materials used for seismic control of buildings. In this paper, an exhaustive review has been compiled on the seismic control applications of SMA in buildings. Unique properties of SMA are discussed in detail and different phases of SMA along with crystal characteristics are illustrated. Consequently, various seismic control applications of SMA are discussed in terms of performance and compared with prevalent base isolators, bracings, beam-column connections, and tuned mass damper systems.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.677-684
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• 2003

Twenty eight multiparous lactating cows were utilized in an experiment to evaluate the response to an exogenous fibrolytic enzyme on their lactational performance during early lactation period (in terms of milk production, milk composition, feed intake, milking efficiency, body weight change) and the exact time of this response. Cows were randomized into two groups (14 each) with similar parities and were fed a concentrate ration of barley, ground corn, soybean meal, and wheat bran and roughage ration of alfalfa hay. One of the two groups was supplemented with the fibrolytic enzyme immediately after parturition up to 100 post partum. The experiment was of two phases with 50 days each. The enzyme, which has a cellulase/hemicellulase activity (derived from Trichoderma group), was added to the concentrate part of the ration in a dry powder form. Milk production, 3.5% fat corrected milk, energy corrected milk were higher (p<0.05) for cows fed treated diet. At the same time, No differences were observed in percentages of milk components, feed intake, body weight, body weight change, or rectal temperature for the whole experimental period or during any of the two phases. Efficiency of milk production was higher (p<0.05) for treatment group cows than for that of the control ones. However, efficiency was better during the second phase than during the first phase. Feeding enzyme treated diets to dairy cows improved lactational performance during early 100 day of the lactation period. However, the first 50 days of lactation looked to be the critical.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1995년도 춘계공동학술대회논문집; 전남대학교; 28-29 Apr. 1995
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• pp.729-738
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• 1995

We consider a priority-based packet-switching system with three phases of the packet transmission time. Each packet belongs to one of several priority classes, and the packets of each class arrive at a switch in a Poison process. The switch transmits queued packets on a priority basis with three phases of preemption mechanism. Namely, the transmission time of each packet consists of a preemptive-repeat part for the header, a preemptive-resume part for the information field, and a nonpreemptive part for the trailer. By an exact analysis of the associated queueing model, we obtain the Laplace-Stieltjes transform of the distribution function for the delay, i.e., the time from arrival to transmission completion, of a packet for each class. We derive a set of equations that calculates the mean response time for each class recursively. Based on this result, we plot the numerical values of the mean response times for several parameter settings. The probability generating function and the mean for the number of packets of each class present in the system at an arbitrary time are also given.