• 제목/요약/키워드: Response Localization

검색결과 220건 처리시간 0.02초

억제적 통제 및 행동 감시간의 관계: 사건관련전위 연구 (The Relationships between Inhibitory Control and Action Monitoring; Event-related Potential Study)

  • 강승석;박성근;하태현;노규식;김명선;권준수
    • 인지과학
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2003
  • 본 연구는 집행기능의 범주에 속하는 행동적 억제(behavioral inhibition) 기능과 행동 감시(action monitoring) 기능의 공통점을 사건관련전위 요소 및 그 뇌 신경원 분석을 통해 비교 분석하였다. 피험자들에게 Go/NoGo 과제를 수행시키면서 측정, 분석한 사건관련전위인 N200 및 P300 요소는 NoGo 조건의 경우 전두엽 쪽에서 더욱 큰 진폭을 보였다는 점에서 NoGo 조건에서 요구되는 행동적 억제기능을 반영한다고 볼 수 있었다. 또한 전두엽 영역에서 오류반응 후에 관찰되는 부적 전위인 ERN 정반응 이후 관찰되는 CRN에 비해 보다 큰 진폭과 빠른 잠재기를 보였다는 점에서 행동감시의 신호가 오류반응에 대해 보다 크게 요구되는 것이라 추론할 수 있었다. 행동적 억제의 지표인 NoGo 조건에서의 N200과 P300 요소의 잠재기와 행동감시의 지표인 ERN 요소의 진폭간에는 유의미한 부적상관이 발견되었는데, 이는 행동적 억제의 효율성이 높은 피험자일수록 행동감시의 정도 또한 크게 나타냄을 시사하는 결과라 볼 수 있었다. 이러한 집행기능 지표들간의 관련성은 이들 사건관련전위 요소들의 신경원이 거의 유사한 위치인 전대상피질(anterior cingulate cortex)에서 나타난 뇌 신경원 국소화법 결과를 통해서도 지지되었으며, 이러한 결과를 전대상피질의 집행적 통제기능이라는 맥락에서 논의하였다.

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Unscented Kalman filter를 이용한 위치측정 센서융합 (Sensor Fusion of Localization using Unscented Kalman Filter)

  • 이준하;정경훈;김정민;김성신
    • 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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    • 제21권5호
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    • pp.667-672
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    • 2011
  • 본 논문은 AGV(automatic guided vehicle)의 위치측정 정밀도 향상을 위해 UKF(unscented Kalman filter)를 이용한 위치 측정 센서의 융합 방법에 관한 연구이다. 기존의 AGV를 위한 유도 방법에는 유선 유도 방식과 마그네틱 유도 방식이 있었다. 이들은 정밀도가 높고 반응속도가 빠르기 때문에 대부분의 유연 생산 시스템에서 사용되어지고 있었다. 하지만 이러한 방법들은 유지 보수에 대한 지속적인 노력과 비용의 문제가 발생되었고 완성된 경로의 변경이 어렵다는 단점이 있었다. 이러한 문제들을 해결하기 위해, 최근에는 레이저 내비게이션을 이용한 유도방식으로 변경되고 있는 추세이다. 레이저 내비게이션은 벽면에 설치된 반사체를 측정하여 전역위치를 측정하는 장치로써 정밀도가 높고 경로 변경에 유연하다는 장점이 있다. 하지만 이 또한, 응답속도가 느리고 AGV의 주행 중 발생되는 반사체 계측 오차에 따라 위치측정 정밀도가 낮아진다는 단점이 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 UKF를 이용하여 응답속도가 빠른 지역위치센서와 레이저 내비게이션의 센서융합 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 주행 중 발생되는 센서들의 오차를 분석하고 이에 따른 모델을 설계하여 위치측정 정밀도를 향상 시키는 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 실험을 위해서 직접 설계한 차축구동 방식의 지게차 AGV를 이용하여 제안한 방법의 결과와 레이저 내비게이션의 위치측정 결과를 비교하였다. 실험 결과, 제안된 방법이 레이저 내비게이션의 위치 측정 결과보다 16% 만큼 정밀도가 향상되는 것을 확인하였다.

현사시나무에서 Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid 1 (Aux/IAA1) 유전자 분리 및 발현 특성 구명 (Isolation and characterization of Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid 1 (Aux/IAA1) gene from poplar (Populus alba × P. glandulosa))

  • 배은경;최영임;이효신;최지원
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제46권3호
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    • pp.180-188
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    • 2019
  • 옥신은 식물의 생장과 발달 과정에서 중요한 조절자로서 기능한다. 옥신 신호전달 과정은 3개의 주요 옥신 반응 전사인자인 Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA), Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3), 그리고 small auxin up RNA (SAUR) 유전자에 의해 조절된다. 특히, Aux/IAA는 옥신 신호에 반응하여 빠르게 축적되는 수명이 짧은 핵 단백질이다. 이 실험에서 우리는 현사시 나무(Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa)로 부터 PagAux/IAA1 유전자를 분리하고 발현 특성을 분석하였다. PagAux/IAA1 cDNA는 4개의 보존된 도메인과 2개의 nuclear localization sequence (NLS)을 포함한 200개의 아미노산을 암호화하고 있다. Southern blot 분석으로 현사시나무 genome에 PagAux/IAA1 유전자가 single copy로 존재하는 것을 확인하였다. PagAux/IAA1 유전자는 잎과 꽃에서 특이적으로 발현되었다. 그리고 PagAux/IAA1 유전자는 현탁배양세포의 생장 과정에서 초기 지수생장기에 발현되었다. PagAux/IAA1 유전자의 발현을 분석한 결과, 건조와 염 스트레스 및 식물호르몬인 ABA 처리에 의해 발현이 감소된 반면 저온 스트레스, 형성층의 세포 분열 과정 그리고 식물호르몬인 GA와 JA 처리에서 발현이 증가하였다. 따라서 PagAux/IAA1 유전자가 현사시나무에서 저온 스트레스 반응뿐 아니라 생장 과정에 관여할 것으로 판단된다.

이산 웨이브렛 변환을 이용한 고각성 부정 감성의 GSR 신호 분석 (Analysis of Galvanic Skin Response Signal for High-Arousal Negative Emotion Using Discrete Wavelet Transform)

  • 임현준;유선국;장원석
    • 감성과학
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.13-22
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    • 2017
  • 감성은 의사 결정, 지각 등에 직접적으로 영향을 미치며 인간의 삶에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 논문에서는 고각성 부정 감성의 편리하고 정확한 인식에 있어서, 생체신호를 이용한 분석 알고리즘을 설계하고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 보통 / 공포 감성 유발 영상을 이용하여 두 감성을 유도한 후, 생체신호 중 간단한 피부전도도 신호를 측정하였다. 측정된 피부전도도에 대해 Tonic 성분과 Phasic 성분으로 분해하고 감성 자극과 관련된 Phasic 성분을 더 상세하게 SCVSR, SCSR로 분해하여 각 성분의 주요한 특징들을 추출함으로써, 정확한 분석을 하기 위해 기존의 사용된 방법이 아닌 우수한 시간-주파수 지역화 특성을 가진 이산 웨이브렛 변환을 사용하였다. 추출된 특징들은 Phasic 성분의 최댓값, Phasic 성분의 진폭, SCVSR의 영교차율, SCSR의 영교차율이다. 분석 결과, 4가지 특징들 모두 고각성 부정 감성의 경우가 저각성 보통 감성의 경우보다 더 높은 값을 나타내고, 기존의 분석 방법보다 통계적으로 두 감정 사이의 더 유의미한 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 이에 따라 본 연구의 결과는 피부전도도가 고각성 부정 감성 측정에 대해 유용한 지표라는 것을 확인하였으며, 향후 피부전도도를 이용한 실시간 부정 감성 평가 시스템 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것을 나타낸다.

Wavelet analysis based damage localization in steel frames with bolted connections

  • Pnevmatikos, Nikos G.;Blachowski, Bartlomiej;Hatzigeorgiou, George D.;Swiercz, Andrzej
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • 제18권6호
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    • pp.1189-1202
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    • 2016
  • This paper describes an application of wavelet analysis for damage detection of a steel frame structure with bolted connections. The wavelet coefficients of the acceleration response for the healthy and loosened connection structure were calculated at each measurement point. The difference of the wavelet coefficients of the response of the healthy and loosened connection structure is selected as an indicator of the damage. At each node of structure the norm of the difference of the wavelet coefficients matrix is then calculated. The point for which the norm has the higher value is a candidate for location of the damage. The above procedure was experimentally verified on a laboratory-scale 2-meter-long steel frame. The structure consists of 11 steel beams forming a four-bay frame, which is subjected to impact loads using a modal hammer. The accelerations are measured at 20 different locations on the frame, including joints and beam elements. Two states of the structure are considered: healthy and damaged one. The damage is introduced by means of loosening two out of three bolts at one of the frame connections. Calculating the norm of the difference of the wavelet coefficients matrix at each node the higher value was found to be at the same location where the bolts were loosened. The presented experiment showed the effectiveness of the wavelet approach to damage detection of frame structures assembled using bolted connections.

Differential expression and in situ localization of a pepper defensin (CADEFl) gene in response to pathogen infection, abiotic elicitors and environmental stresses in Capsium annuum

  • Do, Hyun-Mee;Lee, Sung-Chul;Jung, Ho-Won;Hwang, Byung-Kook
    • 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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    • pp.78.2-79
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    • 2003
  • Pepper defensin ( CADEFl) clone was isolated from cDNA library constructed from pepper leaves infected with avirulent strain Bv5-4a of Xanthomonu campestris pv. vesicatoria. The deduced amino acid sequence of CADEFl is 82-64% identical to that of other plant defensins. Putative protein encoded by CADEFl gene consists of 78 amino acids and 8 conserved cysteine residues to form four structure-stabilizing disulfide bridges. Transcription of the CADEF1 gene was earlier and stronger induced by X campestris pv. vesicatoria infection in the incompatible than in the compatible interaction. CADEF1 mRNA was constitutively expressed in stem, root and green fruit of pepper. Transcripts of CADEFl gene drastically accumulated in pepper leaf tissues treated With Salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA), hydrogen Peroxide (H$_2$O$_2$), benzothiadiazole (BTH) and DL-${\beta}$-amino-n-butyric acid (BABA). In situ hybridization results revealed that CADEF1 mRNA was localized in the phloem areas of vascular bundles in leaf tissues treated with exogenous SA, MeJA and ABA. Strong accumulation of CADEF1 mRNA occurred in pepper leaves in response to wounding, high salinity and drought stress. These results suggest that bacterial pathogen infection, abiotic elicitors and some environmental stresses may play a significant role in signal transduction pathway for CADEF1 gene expression.

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Effects of dexamethasone on progesterone and estrogen profiles and uterine progesterone receptor localization during pregnancy in Sahel goat in Semi-Arid region

  • Yahi, Dauda;Ojo, Nicholas Adetayo;Mshelia, Gideon Dauda
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제59권5호
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    • pp.12.1-12.7
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    • 2017
  • Background: Despite the widespread use of dexamethasone in veterinary and human medicine, it is reported to cause some severe pregnancy related side effects like abortion in some animals. The mechanism of the response is not clear but seems to be related to interspecies and/or breed difference in response which may involve alterations in the concentrations of some reproductive hormones. Methods: Twenty Sahel goats comprising 18 does and 2 bucks were used for this study. Pregnancies were achieved by natural mating after synchronization. Repeated dexamethasone injections were given at 0.25 mg/kg body weight. Blood samples were collected biweekly for hormonal assay. Uterine biopsies were harvested at days 28 and day 78 of gestation through caesarean section for immunohistochemical analysis using 3 pregnant does randomly selected from each group at each instant. Data were expressed as Means ${\pm}$ Standard Deviations and analyzed using statistical soft ware package, GraphPad Instant, version 3.0 (2003) and progesterone receptor (PR) were scored semi-quantitatively. Results: Dexamethasone treatments had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on progesterone and estrogen concentrations in pregnant Sahel goats but up regulated PR from 2+ to 3+ in second trimester. Conclusion: As dexamethasone adverse effect on placenta is an established fact, the lack of effect on progesterone level in this study may be due to the fact that unlike other species whose progesterone production during pregnancy is placenta - dependent, in goats is corpus luteum - dependent. Consequently dexamethasone adverse effect on placenta reported in literatures did not influence progesterone levels during pregnancy in Sahel goat. The up regulation of progesterone receptor (PR) in Sahel goat gravid uterus is a beneficial effects and that dexamethasone can safely be used in corpus luteum - dependent progesterone secreting pregnant animal species like Sahel goat and camel. Therefore source of progesterone secretions during pregnancy should be considered in clinical application of dexamethasone in pregnancy.

Treatment-failure tularemia in children

  • Karli, Arzu;Sensoy, Gulnar;Paksu, Sule;Korkmaz, Muhammet Furkan;Ertugrul, Omer;Karli, Rifat
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제61권2호
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    • pp.49-52
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: Tularemia is an infection caused by Francisella tularensis. Its diagnosis and treatment may be difficult in many cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment modalities for pediatric tularemia patients who do not respond to medical treatment. Methods: A single-center, retrospective study was performed. A total of 19 children with oropharyngeal tularemia were included. Results: Before diagnosis, the duration of symptoms in patients was $32.15{\pm}17.8days$. The most common lymph node localization was the cervical chain. All patients received medical treatment (e.g., streptomycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline). Patients who had been given streptomycin, gentamicin, or doxycycline as initial therapy for 10-14 days showed no response to treatment, and recovery was only achieved after administration of oral ciprofloxacin. Response to treatment was delayed in 5 patients who had been given ciprofloxacin as initial therapy. Surgical incision and drainage were performed in 9 patients (47.5%) who were unresponsive to medical treatment and were experiencing abcess formation and suppuration. Five patients (26.3%) underwent total mass excision, and 2 patients (10.5%) underwent fine-needle aspiration to reach a conclusive differential diagnosis and inform treatment. Conclusion: The causes of treatment failure in tularemia include delay in effective treatment and the development of suppurating lymph nodes.

Simulation of PZT monitoring of reinforced concrete beams retrofitted with CFRP

  • Providakis, C.P.;Triantafillou, T.C.;Karabalis, D.;Papanicolaou, A.;Stefanaki, K.;Tsantilis, A.;Tzoura, E.
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • 제14권5호
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    • pp.811-830
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    • 2014
  • A numerical study has been carried out to simulate an innovative monitoring procedure to detect and localize damage in reinforced concrete beams retrofitted with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) unidirectional laminates. The main novelty of the present simulation is its ability to conduct the electromechanical admittance monitoring technique by considerably compressing the amount of data required for damage detection and localization. A FEM simulation of electromechanical admittance-based sensing technique was employed by applying lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers to acquire impedance spectrum signatures. Response surface methodology (RSM) is finally adopted as a tool for solving inverse problems to estimate the location and size of damaged areas from the relationship between damage and electromechanical admittance changes computed at PZT transducer surfaces. This statistical metamodel technique allows polynomial models to be produced without requiring complicated modeling or numerous data sets after the generation of damage, leading to considerably lower cost of creating diagnostic database. Finally, a numerical example is carried out regarding a steel-reinforced concrete (RC) beam model monotonically loaded up to its failure which is also retrofitted by a CFRP laminate to verify the validity of the present metamodeling monitoring technique. The load-carrying capacity of concrete is predicted in the present paper by utilizing an Ottosen-type failure surface in order to better take into account the passive confinement behavior of retrofitted concrete material under the application of FRP laminate.

OASL1 Traps Viral RNAs in Stress Granules to Promote Antiviral Responses

  • Kang, Ji-Seon;Hwang, Yune-Sahng;Kim, Lark Kyun;Lee, Sujung;Lee, Wook-Bin;Kim-Ha, Jeongsil;Kim, Young-Joon
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제41권3호
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    • pp.214-223
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    • 2018
  • Oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) protein family is the major interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes responsible for the activation of RNase L pathway upon viral infection. OAS-like (OASL) is also required for inhibition of viral growth in human cells, but the loss of one of its mouse homolog, OASL1, causes a severe defect in termination of type I interferon production. To further investigate the antiviral activity of OASL1, we examined its subcellular localization and regulatory roles in IFN production in the early and late stages of viral infection. We found OASL1, but not OASL2, formed stress granules trapping viral RNAs and promoted efficient RLR signaling in early stages of infection. Stress granule formation was dependent on RNA binding activity of OASL1. But in the late stages of infection, OASL1 interacted with IRF7 transcripts to inhibit translation resulting in down regulation of IFN production. These results implicate that OASL1 plays context dependent functions in the antiviral response for the clearance and resolution of viral infections.