• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.953-957
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• 2001

The specificity of conjugation site for coating ligands was investigated using toluene-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates in which BSA was conjugated at the position of o-, m-, and ${\rho}-toluic$ acid. Toluene-BSA conjugated at ${\rho}-position$ showed a binding activity of about 89-95%, whereas, those conjugated at o- and m-position of toluene exhibited a binding activity of 5 and 11%, respectively. On the basis of the above result, coating ligands with various proteins (OVA, BSA, KLH) were compared by conjugating with $\rho-toluic$ acid, and toluene-KLH was considered as the best coating ligand for this ELISA. Indirect competitive ELISA method was developed using anti-toluene antibody and $\rho-position$ conjugated toluene-KLH. The dose-response curve constructed after kinetic and optimization studies showed a 1${\times}$10-4 - 1${\times}$102 mM detectable response range with 0.1 ${\mu}M$ detectability. In specificity test of the antibody, the binding capabilities of aromatic compounds substituted with nitro-, alkyl-, chloro-, and hydroxyl group were larger rather than those of aromatic compounds (benzene, toluene and xylene) themselves. Also, tests with soil and water samples that had been spiked with toluene resulted in 102.7-113.7% recovery.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2016

Steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) have been shown to be efficient lateral force-resisting systems, which are increasingly used in new and retrofit construction. These structural systems are designed with either stiffened and stocky or unstiffened and slender web plates based on disparate structural and economical considerations. Based on some limited reported studies, on the other hand, employment of low yield point (LYP) steel infill plates with extremely low yield strength, and high ductility as well as elongation properties is found to facilitate the design and improve the structural behavior and seismic performance of the SPSW systems. On this basis, this paper reports system-level investigations on the seismic response assessment of multi-story SPSW frames under the action of earthquake ground motions. The effectiveness of the strip model in representing the behaviors of SPSWs with different buckling and yielding properties is primarily verified. Subsequently, the structural and seismic performances of several code-designed and retrofitted SPSW frames with conventional and LYP steel infill plates are investigated through detailed modal and nonlinear time-history analyses. Evaluation of various seismic response parameters including drift, acceleration, base shear and moment, column axial load, and web-plate ductility demands, demonstrates the capabilities of SPSW systems in improving the seismic performance of structures and reveals various advantages of use of LYP steel material in seismic design and retrofit of SPSW systems, in particular, application of LYP steel infill plates of double thickness in seismic retrofit of conventional steel and code-designed SPSW frames.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2019

The force-deformation behavior, strain distribution and failure modes of a variable damping self-centering brace (VD-SCB) are theoretically analyzed, experimentally studied, and numerically simulated to guide its design. The working principle of the brace is explained by describing the working stages and the key feature points of the hysteretic curve. A large-scale brace specimen was tested under different sinusoidal excitations to analyze the recentering capability and energy dissipation. Results demonstrate that the VD-SCB exhibits a full quasi-flag-shaped hysteretic response, high ultimate bearing capacity, low activation force and residual deformation, and excellent recentering and energy dissipation capabilities. Calculation equations of the strain distribution in different parts of the brace are proposed and are compared with the experimental data and simulated results. The developments of two failure modes are compared. Under normal circumstances, the brace fails due to the yielding of the spring blocking plates, which are easily replaced to restore the normal operating conditions of the brace. A brief description of the design procedure of the brace is proposed for application.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.181-194
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• 2022

Korea Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter (KPLO), also known as Danuri, was successfully launched on 4 Aug. from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station using a Space-X Falcon-9 rocket. Flight dynamics (FD) operational readiness was one of the critical parts to be checked before the flight. To demonstrate FD software's readiness and enhance the operator's contingency response capabilities, KPLO FD specialists planned, organized, and conducted four simulations and two rehearsals before the KPLO launch. For the efficiency and integrity of FD simulation and rehearsal, different sets of blind test data were prepared, including the simulated tracking measurements that incorporated dynamical model errors, maneuver execution errors, and other errors associated with a tracking system. This paper presents the simulation and rehearsal results with lessons learned for the KPLO FD operational readiness checkout. As a result, every functionality of FD operation systems is firmly secured based on the operation procedure with an enhancement of contingency operational response capability. After conducting several simulations and rehearsals, KPLO FD specialists were much more confident in the flight teams' ability to overcome the challenges in a realistic flight and FD software's reliability in flying the KPLO. Moreover, the results of this work will provide numerous insights to the FD experts willing to prepare deep space flight operations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2024

Recently, ESG management has become a global trend, receiving increasing attention from stakeholders such as consumers, investors, and governments, as regulations related to ESG disclosure and supply chain due diligence have been strengthened since the United Nations Principles of Responsible Investment (UN PRI) was announced in 2006. ESG is an acronym for the environment (E), social (S), and governance (G) and is accepted as a key factor for the continuous survival and growth of a company. As a result, there are over 600 ESG management evaluation indicators operated domestically and internationally, and numerous global initiatives have emerged. Korea's Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy also announced "K-ESG Guidelines (December 2011)" and "K-ESG Guidelines for Supply Chain Response (December 22)" to help SMEs introduce ESG management and respond to supply chain due diligence. However, small-scale manufacturing companies with poor financial, human resources, and technological capabilities face significant challenges in introducing ESG management. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the current status of ESG management adoption in small-scale manufacturing companies with less than 150 people in Korea and propose activation plan ESG management based on the diagnostic requirements of the "Supply Chain Response K-ESG Guidelines."

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 1987

The use of alkylating agent cyclophosphamide(CY), a widely used antitumor drug is well known as a potent immunosuppressant and has been used as a probe for investigating the functional capabilities of lymphocyte subsets of both T and B cells that play an important role in the regulation of the immune response. The present study was undertaken in an effort to assess the effects of CY on immunological memory in murine model. CY, given as a single dose of CY(250mg/kg) before sensitization with sheep red blood cells(SRBC) enhanced the primary response of Arthus and delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH), as measured by footpad swelling reaction, but suppressed their tertiary DTH response. The similar CY pretreatment enhanced both the primary and tertiary hemagglutinin(HA) responses to SRBC, and the tertiary antibody response against polyvinylpyrroridone(PVP), a thymus-independent antigen but not the primary response against PVP. CY, given as a single dose of 250mg/kg 2 days before the primary immunization and two doses of 100mg/kg 2 days before the secondary and tertiary immunization, markedly suppressed the tertiary DTH and HA responses to SRBC. However, CY, given as small multiple daily doses(10mg/kg) over 4 days before sensitization but not after sensitization, enhanced the secondary HA response to SRBC. Contact sensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB) was suppressed by the drug, given either as a single large dose(300mg/kg) or as multiple dose(10mg/kg) administered 2 days before, together with or after DNFB sensitization. This suppression was more pronounced and more significant when CY was given as multiple dose. However, the enhancement of the secondary contact sensitivity to DNFB by CY was not clear-cut. The splenectomy appears to increase the enhancing effect of CY on contact sensitivity. These results suggest that CY selectively influences the immune response depending on the time of the drug administration relative to immunization and that the secondary or tertiary immune response involve memory cells with different susceptibilities to CY. Moreover, these results suggest that multiple low doses may sesectivley inhibit suppressor T cell proliferation involving DTH, HA or contact sensitivity without effecting helper T cells, but high doses presumably inhibit helper T cells and suppressor T cells with effecting B cells.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.229-240
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• 2019

Korea is experiencing various disasters both natural and artificial. This study is descriptive research designed to examine the perception of the disaster response ability of fire-paramedics during the response stage of disaster management. The subjects of this study were EMT-P's who had more than 2 years of experience in the field at a fire station in G Province. The questionnaire, including the items for the sub-factors of the field response ability, were prepared and 161 final questionnaires were collected and analyzed with the SPSS program. The mean scores of triage ability, patient treatment ability, patient transfer ability, disaster support ability, and disaster response speed were 3.53, 3.68, 3.66, 2.95, and 3.44, respectively. As a result of multiple regression analysis, variables affecting the speed of disaster response were in the order of patient treatment ability, patient transfer ability, and disaster support ability. In conclusion, fire-paramedics will have to consider the ability to treat patients, transfer patients, and disaster support to improve disaster response speed, and, ultimately, disaster response guidelines should be developed to improve disaster response capabilities.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.2635-2641
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• 2012

Novel silver/salep-g-poly(acrylic acid) nanocomposite hydrogel were prepared in aqueous solution using poly(acrylic acid) grafted onto salep as a biopolymer based material. FT-IR spectra confirmed that poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) had been grafted onto salep in graft copolymerization reaction. TEM observations showed that silver nanoparticles have been uniformly dispersed in polymeric matrix. Effects of pH, acrylic acid (AA) amount and silver ion concentration on swelling capabilities were investigated. Results indicate that modifying AA and silver ion can improve swelling properties of the resultant nanocomposite hydrogel. pH response of this nanocomposite hydrogel in acidic and neutral pH made it suitable for drug delivery applications.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.11-14
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• 2014

In the smart grid, it will be possible to communicate with the consumers for the purposes of monitoring and controlling their power consumption without disturbing their business or comfort. This will bring easier administration capabilities for the utilities. On the other hand, consumers will require more advanced home automation tools which can be implemented by using advanced sensor technologies. For instance, consumers may need to adapt their consumption according to the dynamically varying electricity prices which necessitates home automation tools. This paper tries to combine neural network and nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous variable (NARX) class for next week electric load forecasting. The suitability of the proposed approach is illustrated through an application to electric load consumption data. The suggested system provides a useful and suitable tool especially for the load forecasting.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.58 no.10
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• pp.640-648
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• 2020

The aim of this article is to provide major announcements within the last decade or so about possible medical emergencies in dentistry. This would be helpful to improve the knowledge on first aid suitable for dental environment. Syncope was the most common medical emergencies in dentistry. Medical emergency situations can be divided into urgency and true emergency. Urgency situations can be solved well if proper treatment is taken. However, even in an urgency, if the correct treatment is not performed, it may soon turn into an emergency. With the joint efforts of the Korean Dental Anesthesiology Society and the Korean Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Association, dental advanced life support (DALS) has been prepared since 2015. Through 17 training experiences until January 2020, scenarios and textbooks were developed. Dentists and dental care teams need to be prepared to strengthen their competence as professionals and to increase their team-level response capabilities..