• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.366-369
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• 2005

Avian influenza viruses playa crucial role i,n the creation of human pandemic viruses. In this study, we have demonstrated that both human and avian influenza receptors exist in cells in the respiratory and intestinal tracts of chickens. We have also determined that primarily cultured chicken lung cells can support the replication of both avian and human influenza viruses.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.44.1-44.19
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• 2020

The human body is continuously threatened by pathogens, and the immune system must maintain a balance between fighting infection and becoming over-activated. Mucosal surfaces cover several anatomically diverse organs throughout the body, such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and are directly exposed to the external environment. Various pathogens invade the body through mucosal surfaces, making the mucosa the frontline of immune defense. The immune systems of various mucosal tissues display distinctive features that reflect the tissues' anatomical and functional characteristics. This review discusses the cellular components that constitute the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts; in particular, it highlights the complex interactions between epithelial and immune cells to induce Ag-specific immune responses in the lung and gut. This information on mucosal immunity may facilitate understanding of the defense mechanisms against infectious agents that invade mucosal surfaces, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and provide insight into effective vaccine development.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.21 no.2 s.66
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• pp.64-73
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• 2007

The absorption characteristics of hazardous materials onto human body and defense mechanism differ from each other region within the respiratory tracts, thus adverse health effects of inhaled smokes are associated with not only the concentration but also the location of the particles deposited. In this work, the deposition fraction per surface area and the deposition sites of the smoke particles in human respiratory tracts for each rest and light exercise conditions together with oral and nasal breathing were calculated by using segmental volume tracking method. The results would be used for deriving the amount of absorption of hazardous materials onto human body, thus contribute to the health risk assessments of inhaled fire smokes.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.72 no.6
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• pp.507-510
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• 2012

Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is a specific tumor marker of the biliary, pancreatic and gastrointestinal tracts. CA19-9 is occasionally elevated in serum in patiens with benign pulmonary diseases such as bronchiectasis, idiopathic interstitial pneumonia or collagen disease-associated pulmonary fibrosis. Intralobar pulmonary sequestration is an uncommon congenital lung anomaly. It is dissociated from the normal tracheobronchial tree and is supplied by an anomalous systemic artery. There have been some reports of elevation of CA19-9 in this lesion. We report a case of intralobar pulmonary sequestration with elevated serum CA19-9 in a 29-year-old man who was diagnosed with bronchiectasia of left lower lung field on general check up. He had no evidence of any malignant disease in pancreatobiliary or gastrointestinal tracts. Elevated serum CA19-9 level might be encountered with benign pulmonary disease such as pulmonary sequestration.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.6 no.2 s.11
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• pp.121-126
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• 2006

Generalized anaphylaxis is a most dramatic and acutely life-threatening allergic reaction. Most fatalities from anaphylaxis occur within the first 30 minutes postantigenic exposure. The mechanism of generalized anaphylaxis is the reaction of IgE antibodies to an allergen that causes the release of histamine, bradykinin, and others. These chemical mediators cause the contraction of smooth muscles of the respiratory and intestinal tracts, as well as increased vascular permeability. Four major clinical symptoms are recognized: skin reactions, smooth muscle spasm (gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts and respiratory smooth muscle), respiratory distress, and cardiovascular collapse. Epinephrine is the drug of choice for the management. Its syrnpathomimetic effects directly counteract most aspects of the attack. Respiration must be immediately supported by the establishment of a patent airway along with artificial ventilation. The circulation should be supported and the existing hypotension overcome by placing the victim in a position to allow gravity to aid venous return and by administering intravenous fluids, vasopressors, and corticosteroids. When an imperceptible pulse is evident, external cardiac compression must also be instituted. This is a case report of anaphylactic shock care during general anesthesia, possibly due to penicillin, pancuronium and others.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.67 no.5
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• pp.409-412
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• 2009

Background: Several large outbreaks have demonstrated the threat of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in close-contact environments, such as occurs during training and quartering of military recruits training. In South Korea, which is a hospital or healthcare-associated MRSA prevalent area, military service is compulsory for all healthy young men. We surveyed and determined the extent of CA-MRSA colonization in the upper respiratory tracts of Korean military recruits. Methods: The Korean military recruits who were enrolled in a military training facility from November 2004 to March 2005 were eligible for this study. Sputum or nasopharyngeal swap was obtained from randomly selected subjects who displayed upper respiratory tract symptoms. Results: Of the 181 participants, 32 participants (17.7%) were colonized with S. aureus, and 12 participants (6.6%) were colonized with MRSA. Among the cases that were colonized with S. aureus, 37.5% (12/32) were colonized with MRSA. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed resistant patterns that were suggestive of the CA-MRSA strains for all of the MRSA isolates. Conclusion: This study of Korean military recruits found a great deal of showed MRSA colonization in them, and the antimicrobial resistant profile that was suggestive of a CA-MRSA strain. Further efforts to prevent the spread of MRSA infections and careful monitoring for CA-MRSA outbreaks are warranted, especially in a high risk group such as military recruits.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.346-352
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• 2003

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis(RRP) is a chronic disease that is caused by the human papillomavirus(HPV) type 6 and 11. The most common site of the lesions is the larynx, but papillomas can occur throughout the respiratory and upper gastrointestinal tracts. Frequent recurrence of disease, can result in airway compromise and even death when papillomas either obstruct the airway or spread to the lung parenchyma. We encountered a case of a recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in a 23-year-old patient, who improved after treatment with interferon-${\alpha}$ The patiented with hoarseness, exertional dyspnea, and a productive cough. We report this case with a brief review of the relevant literature.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.133-139
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• 2018

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are known as significant immunosuppressive viruses in pigs. In this study, we investigated the correlation of PCV2 and PRRSV in enteric lesions of porcine salmonellosis. A total of 64 cases were classified into four pig groups as group A (24 cases, S. Typhimurium), group B (11 cases, S. Typhimurium+PCV2), group C (16 cases, S. Typhimurium+PRRSV) and group D (13 cases, S. Typhimurium+PCV2+PRRSV). Comparing with group A, ulcerative enteritis in large intestine was little more prevalent in the PCV2 infected pigs in group B and D. And lymphoid depletion in gut-associated lymphatic tissue (GALT) of large intestine was also detected in PCV2 positive group B (36.4%) and D (30.8%). According to the results of immunohistochemistry (IHC), PCV2 antigens (83.3%) were more prevalently distributed in the intestinal lesions of porcine salmonellosis than PRRSV antigens (10.3%). PCV2 were also detected in the lymphoid depleted GALT of the large intestine from 7 of the 8 pigs (87.5%), but PRRSV were not found in all cases. It may explain that PCV2 can play a certain immunological role to enhance secondary bacterial infection in porcine alimentary tracts.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.779-785
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• 1996

Wegener's granulomatosis is characterized by necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis affecting upper and lower respiratory tracts and kidneys. Vascular lesions commonly involve capillaries and small vessels but, less commonly larger vessels. We report a 46-year-old male patient of Wegener's granulomatosis associated with paranasal sinusitis, pulmonary consolidations, glomerulonephritis, skin lesions with obstruction of both anterior tibial and peroneal arteries. Several necrotic lesions of the toes had progressed to gangrene and both transmetatarsal amputations were done. The patient continued to receive cyclophosphamide and prednisolone.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.531-536
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• 2007

Wegener's granulomatosis is a systemic vasculitis of the medium and small arteries, as well as of the venules, arterioles, and occasionally large arteries, and primarily involves the upper and lower respiratory tracts and the kidneys. Renal symptoms of Wegener's granulomatosis are indistinguishable from those of vasculitis such as Henoch-$Sch\ddot{o}nlein$ purpura and microscopic polyangiitis. This case, though initially diagnosed as Henoch-$Sch\ddot{o}nlein$ purpura, was confirmed as Wegener's granulomatosis from a lung biopsy fifteen years after the initial diagnosis. We report this case with a review of the literature.