• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제70권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2011

Background: Stopping medical treatment by tuberculosis (TB) patients prior to completing treatment period is a major concern in private hospitals. We evaluated the impact of public-private mix (PPM) project on increasing treatment success rate of TB in a private tertiary hospital in Korea. Methods: Starting in February 2009, TB patients treated at Dankook University Hospital received health education and case monitoring activities by specially trained public health nurses (PPM project). On a retrospective basis, we reviewed medical records and compared the treatment outcome of TB patients treated under the PPM project (PPM group) to patients treated without the PPM project (control group) between January 2008 and June 2010. In addition, we also evaluated the risk factors treatment non-completion. Results: The number of patients in the PPM group and control group were 123 (85 pulmonary TB and 38 extrapulmonary TB) and 146 (101 pulmonary TB and 45 extra-pulmonary TB), respectively. The PPM group had demographic and clinical findings comparable to those of control group. The PPM group showed a significantly higher treatment success rate (93.5%) compared to the control group (77.9%). However, development of complications, proximity to the hospital, and presence of co-morbid disease did not influence the treatment success rate. Conclusion: The PPM project was effective at increasing the TB treatment success rate. An effort to improve and to expand the PPM project is needed in private Korean hospitals.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2020

A cluster of severe pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China emerged in December 2019. A novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was isolated from lower respiratory tract sample as the causative agent. The current outbreak of infections with SARS-CoV-2 is termed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 rapidly spread into at least 114 countries and killed more than 4,000 people by March 11 2020. WHO officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. There have been 2 novel coronavirus outbreaks in the past 2 decades. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002-2003 caused by SARS-CoV had a case fatality rate of around 10% (8,098 confirmed cases and 774 deaths), while Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) caused by MERS-CoV killed 861 people out of a total 2,502 confirmed cases between 2012 and 2019. The purpose of this review is to summarize known-to-date information about SARS-CoV-2, transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and clinical features.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제81권3호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2018

Despite recent clinical guidelines, the optimal therapeutic strategy for the management of refractory chronic cough is still a challenge. The present systematic review was designed to assess the evidence for efficacy and safety of gabapentin in the treatment of chronic cough. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, and publications cited in bibliographies was performed. Articles were searched by two reviewers with a priori criteria for study selection. Seven relevant articles were identified, including two randomized controlled trials, one prospective case-series designed with consecutive patients, one retrospective case series of consecutive patients, one retrospective case series with unknown consecutive status, and two case reports comprising six and two patients, respectively. Improvements were detected in cough-specific quality of life (Leicester Cough Questionnaire score) and cough severity (visual analogue scale score) following gabapentin treatment in randomized controlled trials. The results of prospective case-series showed that the rate of overall improvement of cough and sensory neuropathy with gabapentin was 68%. Gabapentin treatment of patients with chronic cough showed superior efficacy and a good safety record compared with placebo or standard medications. Additional randomized and controlled trials are needed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제87권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common cause of severe hypoxemia defined by the acute onset of bilateral non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. The diagnosis is made by defined consensus criteria. Supportive care, including prevention of further injury to the lungs, is the only treatment that conclusively improves outcomes. The inability to find more advanced therapies is due, in part, to the highly sensitive but relatively non-specific current syndromic consensus criteria, combining a heterogenous population of patients under the umbrella of ARDS. With few effective therapies, the morality rate remains 30% to 40%. Many subphenotypes of ARDS have been proposed to cluster patients with shared combinations of observable or measurable traits. Subphenotyping patients is a strategy to overcome heterogeneity to advance clinical research and eventually identify treatable traits. Subphenotypes of ARDS have been proposed based on radiographic patterns, protein biomarkers, transcriptomics, and/or machine-based clustering of clinical and biological variables. Some of these strategies have been reproducible across patient cohorts, but at present all have practical limitations to their implementation. Furthermore, there is no agreement on which strategy is the most appropriate. This review will discuss the current strategies for subphenotyping patients with ARDS, including the strengths and limitations, and the future directions of ARDS subphenotyping.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2001

Objectives : During March-May, 2000, a measles outbreak occurred at Youngduk, Korea. This county is divided into two areas with different historical and socioeconomic background. The outbreak occurred in one of these areas. We conducted a comparative epidemiologic study on the two areas in order to evaluate the factors related to the epidemic. Materials and Methods : We selected two groups, grades 3 and 5 in a primary schools in each area. We investigated outbreak-related factors using parent-questionnaires, the vaccination history from the student's health record and the records concerning the recent measles-outbreak from the local health center. Serologic test on measles-IgG and -IgM antibody was done. Results : The infection rate was 31.5% for the epidemic area and 3.7% for non-the epidemic area according to clinical or serological criteria (p<0.001). No difference was seen in the measles vaccination rate, residence at the time of vaccination or past measles infection history between the two areas. In the epidemic area, the attack rate for the 4-6 year-old MMR booster group(20.5%) was higher than the non-booster group(32.4%), but was not found significantly. Vaccine efficacy was 29.6% in the epidemic area and 87.0% in the non-epidemic area (p<0.001). The IgG level and positive rate were significantly different between the two areas (median 10727 IU/ml, 98.9% in epidemic area; median 346 IU/ml, 85.9% in the non-epidemic area, p<0.001). However, the IgG level and positive rate between the measles-cases and non-cases were not significantly different. Conclusions : This outbreak took place in mostly vaccinated children. These results suggest that a reduction of herd immunity for immunity failure after vaccination may be one of the feasible factors related to the outbreak pattern in the two areas. The results of the IgG level and positive rate suggest that re-establishment of a normal value for IgG level and of a qualitative method for IgG are needed.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1959

1) The comparative studies of the quantitative measurement of growth characteristics and utilization of substrates by Euglena gracilis var. bacilla 10616 in the light and in darkness have been carried out. Eodogenous respiration, effect of respiratory inhibitors and responses to the added substrates for the exogenous respiration are also investigated. 2) All cultures are grown in the open air under the continuous illumination of fluorescent light of 3500 lux at room termperature, the growth rate of the culture in the basal medium added 0.5% lactate is found to be the highest. The growth rate decreases successively for the cultures of 0.5% sucinate, 0.5% Na-acetate, 0.5% malate, and control. There is no growth in the basal meidum added 0.5% butyrate and 0.5% hydroquinone. The similar results are obtained for the mentioned cultures in the darkness. However, the growth rate in basal medium added 0.5% glucose and 0.5% sucrose does seem to increase in the darkness unlike the illumination. 3) The endogenous rate of respiration for the organism cultured photosynthetically is about 12.94ul 02/mg/hr, in basal medium and the respiratory quotient is about 0.84. The rate is decreased by starvations to 6.5ul 02/mg/hr, about to a half, but the respiratory quotient does net change. 4) The oxygen consomption during initial 2 hours in suspending solution ranging from pH 4.5 to pH 9.3 is highest at pH 4.5 in which the algae had grown, at pH 5.5 and at pH 6.9. 5) Endogenous respiration of the cells is strongly inhibited by 0.1M of potassium cyanide, malomic acid, sodium fluoride and iodo-acetic acid. It is also strongly inhibited by 0.01M of potassium cyanide. 6) The respiratory response to added substrates for the exogenous respiration in the organism is coincided with the rate in the basal medium added the substrate in light and in darkness, whether the cells are fed or starved. 7) According to the results of this study, there seems to be the flexibility of the interconversion between photosynthesis and chemosynthesis, heterotropic mode of metabolism, in Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris, and that this organism utilizes the lactate most. It also may be suggested that the enayme systems linked in the each steps of Embden-Myerhof-Parnas path way and TCA cycle seem to exist in this organism.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2014

목 적 : 호흡연동 용적변조 회전방사선치료(Gated Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy)에서 환자의 호흡주기 변화에 따른 선량전달의 정확성을 검증하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 실험에는 TrueBeam STxTM(Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA)치료기를 사용하였다. 인체모형등가팬텀(Rando Phantom, Alderson Resarch Laboratories Inc. Stamford. CT, USA)의 전산화단층영상에 전산화치료계획시스템(Eclipse 10.0, Varian, USA)을 이용하여 10 MV FFF(Flatenning Filter Free), 선량률 1200 MU/min으로 1500 cGy/fx(Case1, 2, 3)과 220 cGy/fx(Case4, 5, 6)의 치료계획을 수립하였다. $QUASAR^{TM}$ Respiratory Motion Phantom(Modus Medical Devices Inc)을 이용하여 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 sec의 일정한 호흡주기와 평균호흡주기가 2.2, 3.5 sec인 환자의 호흡주기를 재현하였고 위상모드 30~70% 구간에서 방사선이 조사되도록 설정하였다. 각각의 호흡 조건에서 2차원 이온전리함 배열 검출기(I'mRT Matrixx, IBA Dosimetry, Germany)와 MultiCube Phantom(IBA Dosimetry, Germany)을 이용하여 측정하였고 세기변조 방사선치료 분석 프로그램(OmniPro I'mRT, IBA Dosimetry, Germany)을 이용하여 Gamma pass rate(3 mm, 3%)을 비교하였다. 결 과 : Case 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6의 Gamma pass rate은 일정한 호흡주기 1.5 sec에서 100.0, 97.6, 98.1, 96.3, 93.0, 94.8%, 2.5 sec에서 98.8, 99.5, 97.5, 99.5, 98.3, 99.6%, 3.5 sec에서 99.6, 96.6, 97.5, 99.2, 97.8, 99.1%, 4.5 sec에서 99.4, 96.3, 97.2, 99.0, 98.0, 99.3%의 결과를 보였다. 환자의 호흡을 재현한 경우 평균 호흡주기 2.2 sec에서는 97.7, 95.4, 96.2, 98.9, 96.2, 98.4%, 3.5 sec에서는 97.3, 97.5, 96.8, 100.0, 99.3 99.8%의 결과를 보였다. 결 론 : 2.5 sec이상의 일정한 호흡주기와 환자의 호흡을 재현한 실험에서 Gamma pass rate 95%이상의 임상적으로 신뢰할 만한 결과를 보였다. 일정한 호흡주기 1.5 sec의 Case 5, 6 에서 93.0, 94.8%의 결과를 보였으나 100명의 환자 호흡주기 분석 결과 1.5 sec의 호흡을 지속했던 경우는 없었던 점으로 보아 대부분의 호흡조건에서 정확한 선량전달이 가능함을 확인 하였다. 다만 극히 짧은 호흡주기로 인한 오차발생 가능성을 배제할 수 없기 때문에 치료전 선량전달 정확성 검증이 선행되어야 하며 모의치료시 환자 교육으로 안정된 호흡을 유지하고 정확한 모니터링을 통해 치료중 환자 호흡변화에 대처한다면 더욱 안정적이고 정확한 치료가 이루어질 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.177-183
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• 1972

In a pasture located at Kyong Puk area, a group of 200 Korean native casttle showed severe coughing, dyspnea and emaciation, of which 30 cattle died from the respiratory disease. To the alived cattle, clinical, pathologicoparasitological observations and treatment with terramycin, Mintic and tetramisole (Bonasol) were carried out and the following results were obtained. 1) Paroxymal coughighings, increased respiratory rate and heart rate were observed in almost all cases. But, larval output in feces was recognized in 32 percent of the cases. 2) Morderate eosinophilia was observed in a half of the cases. 3) At autopsy, lungs were enlarged, and areas of dark consolidations were scattered in all lobes. In the bronchi, numerous adult lungworms were found. 4) The adult worms detected from the bronchi were morphologically identified as Dictyocaulus viviparus. 5) The clinical signs and larval output were disappeared after the administration of Mintic or Bonasol. 6) From these results, it was concluded that the respiratory disease of the cattle was caused by the infestation of lungworm, Dictyocaulus viviparus.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2017

Objectives : This study analyzes the characteristics of prescription drugs for acute upper respiratory tract infection in outpatient clinics and provides basis for establishing the correct evaluation project on appropriate prescribing indicators. Methods : Research data were collected from two for each family medicine, internal medicine, pediatric, otorhinolaryngology and general practitioner clinics with a total of 10 clinics with diseases classifications codes J00-J06, J20 on patients receiving treatment between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2013 every Monday in Busan City. Results : The antibiotic prescription rate in evaluating the project on appropriate prescribing indicators of Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service was 44.3%, whereas this study was approximately 30% higher because analysis to target the entire cold-related diagnosis. Conclusions : The correct antibiotic prescription by expanding the current assessment standard should be identified as a minor diagnosis because the evaluation project on appropriate prescribing indicators targets the major diagnosis only.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.165-174
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• 2018

The aim of study is to contribute to this knowledge-base by investigating the respiratory function, the metabolic rate and the difference of physiological responses un-der low water temperature ($20^{\circ}C{\rightarrow}15^{\circ}C$) stress be-tween diploid and triploid far eastern catfish, Silurus asotus. During the 48 hrs of water temperature stress exposure time, the respiratory frequencies, $CO_2$ and ${NH_4}^+$ concentrations of diploid had higher values than those of triploid (p<0.05). However, pH of triploid was higher than those of diploid (p<0.05), and oxygen consumption rate was not different between diploid and triploid (p>0.05). The level of plasma cortisol and plasma glucose of triploid was lower than those of the diploid (p<0.05). However, in case of lactic acid, there were not significant between triploid and diploid (p>0.05). These results suggest that diploid was more sensitive for low water temperature stress response than triploid in this species.