• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.418-438
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• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to review the effects of herbal medicine on respiratory diseases induced by the treatment of particulate matter in in vivo animal models. Methods: Literature searches were performed in seven databases (Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, KISS, KTKP, OASIS, and ScienceON). After the searched studies were screened based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria, the publication date, origin, used animals, induction of particulate matter models, herbal medicine used for intervention, study design, outcome measure, and results of studies were analyzed. Results: Among a total of 972 studies primarily searched, 34 studies were finally included in our study. Of this number, 29 studies induced animal models by using only particulate matter, and 5 studies induced animal models with respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, by using particulate matter and other materials. In the selected studies, the treatments of herbal medicine in particulate matter models suppressed oxidative stress and inflammation in lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and blood as well as lung injury in histological analysis. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that herbal medicine is effective in treating respiratory diseases induced by particulate matter. These results are also expected to be useful data for designing further studies. However, more systematically designed in vivo studies related to particulate matter are needed.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.229-237
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• 2024

Cough is a common symptom of several respiratory diseases. However, frequent coughing from acute to chronic often causes great pain to patients. It may turn into cough variant asthma, which seriously affects people's quality of life. For cough treatment, it is dominated by over-the-counter antitussive drugs, such as asmeton, but most currently available antitussive drugs have serious side effects. Thus, there is a great need for the development of new drugs with potent cough suppressant. BALB/c mice were used to construct mice model with cough to investigate the pharmacological effects of pectolinarigenin (PEC). Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining were used to assess lung injury and airway remodeling, and ELISA was used to assess the level of inflammatory factor release. In addition, inflammatory cell counts were measured to assess airway inflammation. Airway hyperresponsiveness assay was used to assess respiratory resistance in mice. Finally, we used Western blotting to explore the potential mechanisms of PEC. We found that PEC could alleviate lung tissue injury and reduce the release of inflammatory factors, inhibit of cough frequency and airway wall collagen deposition in mice model with cough. Meanwhile, PEC inhibited the Ras/ERK/c-Fos pathway to exhibit antitussive effect. Therefore, PEC may be a potential drug for cough suppression.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.55-63
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• 2024

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of scapula and pelvis symmetrical reciprocal pattern exercise of PNF concept on respiratory function and quality of life in elderly subjects. Methods : Nineteen elderly subjects with healthy were recruited. Subjects performed scapula and pelvis symmetrical reciprocal pattern exercise of PNF concept. Exercise was appied 30 minutes three times per week for four weeks. The respiratory function and quality of life (QOL) test three times (before, two weeks, and four weeks). Respiratory function includes forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV₁), Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) and chest cage expansion test (CCET). The QOL test was measured Korean WHOQOL-BRIEF. The analysis method was analyzed through the one-way ANOVA repeated methods, and the statistical significance is α=.05. It was analyzed through the post test Bonferroni test. Results : After the 4 week scapula and pelvis symmetrical reciprocal pattern exercise of PNF concept showed statistically significant differences in the respiratory function (FVC, FEV₁, PEF, and CCET), and QOL (p<.05). As a result of the post-hoc test, FVC showed a significant increase in the mid test and post test compared to the pre test (p<.05), FEV₁ showed a significant increase in the post test compared to the pre test (p<.05). PEF showed a significant increase in all pre-test, mid-test, and post-test sections (p<.05), CCET showed a significant increase in all pre-test, mid-test, and post-test sections (p<.05). QOL showed a significant increase in all pre-test, mid-test, and post-test sections (p<.05). Conclusion : In this study, the scapula and pelvis symmetrical reciprocal pattern exercise of PNF concept improved respiratory function and QOL. The findings suggest that this intervention could be beneficial in improving respiratory function and QOL in the elderly.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.607-610
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• 1995

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of Ascorbic Acid (AA) supplementations in the layer and broiler diets kept in the natural hot humid tropical climate ($20-35^{\circ}C$). The layers and the broilers were fed on normal commercial diet as control while supplementation of 400 and 600 mg/kg Ascorbic Acid made up the experimental diets. The results showed that AA supplementation in the layers significantly reduced egg weight and increased Haugh unit values of the eggs, but produced no significant effects on feed intake, body weight, egg production, respiratory rate and body temperature. The shell thickness was slightly improved, though not significantly, with AA supplementation. AA supplementation in broilers improved body weight gain and FCR and reduced the effect of heat stress as shown by lower body temperature and respiratory rates.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.88-94
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• 1997

This experiment was performed in order to study the effects of haepyoyijintang on the injured tracheal tissue induced $SO_{2}$ in rats. Healthy adult male rats weighting about 250g were divided into 4 groups-the Normal group, the Control group, the group of Haepyoyijintang administration for 5days after $SO_{2}$gas exposure (Sample I), and the group of Haepyoyijintang adiministration for 10 days before and for 5days after $SO_{2}$ gas exposure (Sample II). The results were obtained as follows; 1. In the trachea Control group, the lesion of the ciliated epithelium was and the mucus secretion of the respiratory tract was increased iginificantly. 2. In the trachea of SampleIgroup, the lesion of the ciliated epithelium and the mucus secretion of the respiratory tract were decreased compared with Control group. 3. In the trachea of SampleIIgroup, the lesion of the ciliated epithelium and the mucus secretion of the respiratory tract were decreased compared with Control and Sample Igroup. According to the above results, Haepyoyijintang has significant effects on the injuried tracheal tissu caused by $SO_{2}$ in rats.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.340-347
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect on respiratory function, trunk control, and functional activities of daily living (ADL) through respiratory muscle strength training in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Eighteen subjects who were six months post stroke participated in this study. The subjects were randomly allocated to two groups: experimental (n=10) and control (n=8). Both groups received physical therapy for five sessions, 30 minutes per week, during a period of six weeks. Subjects in the experimental group participated in an additional respiratory muscle strength training program, in which the threshold PEP device was used for 30 minutes per day, three days per week, during a period of six weeks. Results from pretest-posttest control were evaluated by pulmonary function forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF), capacity of cough, trunk control, and functional ADL. Results: Significant improvement in the FEV1, PEF of pulmonary function (p<0.05), cough function (p<0.05), and trunk control (p<0.05) was observed among the groups. Conclusion: Respiratory muscle strength training improves pulmonary function, capacity of cough, and trunk control. These results suggest that respiratory muscle strength training is feasible and suitable for individuals with chronic stroke.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.69 no.4
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• pp.256-264
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• 2010

Background: According to the notion of the immunoregulatory functions of moxifloxacin (MFX), the effect of MFX on the neutrophilic respiratory burst in conjunction with the expression of cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$ ($cPLA_2$) was investigated. Methods: The effects and possible mechanisms of MFX on neutrophilic respiratory burst in oleic acid (OA)-induced acutely injured rats lung and OA-stimulated, isolated murine neutrophils were probed, associated with the expression of cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$ in vivo and in vitro. Results: In the OA-induced acutely-injured lungs, neutrophils were accumulated, which was attenuated by MFX. The parameters denoting a neutrophilic respiratory burst, such as nitro blue tetrazolium reaction, cytochrome-c reduction, neutrophil aggregation, $H_2O_2$ production in neutrophils revealed increased neutrophilic respiratory burst by OA, and MFX decreased all of these parameters. In addition, the enhanced expression of $cPLA_2$ in the lung and isolated murine neutrophils by OA were decreased by MFX. Conclusion: MFX suppresses the OA-induced neutrophilic respiratory burst by the suppression of $cPLA_2$ in neutrophils.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.521-532
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• 2006

Backgrounds and Objectives: A major goat in asthma therapy isto reduce or prevent the inflammatory response associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness, reversible airway obstruction and airway remodelling. Many studies have shown that eosinophilic infiltration is a prominent feathure in the pathophysiology of asthma. The importance of the Presence of eosinophils in the airways of asthmatics has long been recognized, but the mechanism by which these cells are recruited and retained in the lung are only now being elucidated Production of chemotactic cytokines by bronchial epithelial cells may contribute to the local accumulation of eosinophils in Patients with bronchial asthma. This study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effect of extraction of herbal dicoction, Gamichungsangbohatang(GMCSBHT) on eosinophil chemotactic cytokines. Material and Methods:We used water and 70% ethanol extracts of GMCSBHT and pulmonary epithelial cell lines A549(human type II -like epithelial cells). We estimated cytotoxic effects of GMCSBHT, and estimated the effects of water and 70% ethanol extracts of GMCSBHT on chemokines from prestimulated A549 cells by sandwich ELISA. Results: Chemokines of eotaxin, IL-8 were inhibited by GMCSBHT in dose-dependent manner. And ethanol extract of GMCSBHT has more inhibitory effects on eotaxin, IL-8 than hot water extract. Conculusions: These findings indicate that the supression of the expression of chemokines can be accomplished by GMCSBHT treatment, so GMCSBHT may inhibit the iuflammatory process by eosinophils in asthma.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 2001

To examine effects of cadmium on the respiratory burst of kidney phagocytes and antioxidant defense in liver, juvenile red seabream Pagrus major were fed a cadmium-incorporated diet $(1g\;CdC1_2/kg\;diet)$. The respiratory burst activity measured by chemiluminescence (CL) was significantly reduced by oral intake of cadmium. Lipid peroxidation in liver expressed as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was significantly higher in the fish fed a cadmium-incorporated diet than that of the fish fed a control diet both on Day 3 and Day 9. Liver Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activitiy was significantly increased both on Day 3 and Day 9 by feeding a cadmium-incorporated diet, when compared with the controls. From the present results, it can be concluded that oral intake of cadmium in red seabream is associated with marked reduction of respiratory burst capacity of kidney phagocytes which can elevate susceptibility of fish against infecting pathogens. Cadmium administration also elicits significant increment of lipid peroxidation in liver, and fish try to detoxify cadmium by increasing GST activity.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.291-298
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• 2009

Purpose: Effects of information on management practices for children suffering from respiratory communicable diseases and their parents were investigated. Methods: The experimental group consisted of 30 children who were in-patients suffering from a respiratory communicable disease and their parents. During their hospitalization, for 30 min each day, the children and their parents received education that included information about disease management including symptoms, prevention and environmental hygiene. The information was developed using illustrations and photoshop. The control group consisted of 30 children who were in-patients and their parents. They received the usual nursing care without any of the above education. The instruments used in this study were the bibliographies of respiratory disease management. ${\chi}^2$ test, independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test with SPSS 11.5 were used to analyze the data. Results: Significant differences between the experimental and control groups were found for management of symptoms (Z=4.350, ,0<.001) and environmental hygiene (Z=4.033, p=.000), but not for prevention (Z=4.033, p=.149). Conclusion: The results indicate that providing information was effective for management practice of symptoms and environmental hygiene, but not for prevention management for the children and their parents. Therefore programs should be developed to promote prevention management.