• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.190-205
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• 1994

Respect for human life and respect for human dignity are two basic values to which organized nursing has urged its members to adhere in their service to mankind. Thus it is the nurses’ duty to provide health care in support of sustenance of life and to pay respect for the patient’s right to dignity. In practice, however, nurses may experience dilemmas between these duties much due to the de velopment of modern advanced techniques. These dilemmas have become more complex and difficult to resolve. Nurses are often faced with situations in which the terminally ill refuse professional care, posing serious conflicts between respect for human life and respect for human rights to self-determination. In such cases, resolution of the problem is not a simple matter, thus requires intensive study into the ethical questions related to the situation. The purpose of this study was to identify ethical problems that nurses experience in caring for terminally ill patients and explore the ways to the resolution of problems within the context of the situations. The methodology used for the study was a case study method which ‘New Casuistry’ proposed by Jonsen & Toulmin(1988) and the ‘Specified Principlism’ proposed by Degrazia(1992) as an alternative to old deductive and intuitive method. Cases were developed through semistructured indepth interviews according to the casutistry method. A total of seven nurses were interviewd who were caring for therminally ill patients. Four cases out of a total 14 cases were related to the topic. Through the case analysis it became evident that nurses appreciated other values more often than respect for the patient’s right to self-determination. These other values were convenience and efficiency in nursing practice in case 1, preservation of life above all other values in case 2, provision of nursing care to fulfill the nurse’s professional obligation at most in case 3, and respect for the family’s demand against the patient’s wish in case 4. This study showed that the most important ethical problems were conflict between respect for the patient’s right to self-determination and sustenance of life for the fulfillment of professional obligation. For this problem, benefit /burden analysis from the perspective of the patient and family for the promotion of patient’s wellbeing may be a way to resolve the conflict. Further, through these analysis it was shown that physicians’ and families’ opinions dominated in the decision - making and the opinions of nurses’ and patients’ tended not to be reflected. Thus the patient's right to his or her care was not readily respected. To solve this problem. nurses should make efforts to communicate reciprocally with their patients, family members and physicians in an effort to respect for their patient’s rights to life and diginity from the point of view and values of the patient. It is also important that nurses provide good basic nursing care up to the time of death regardless of decisions about providing or not aggressive treat-ment for chronically and terminally ill patients.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.220-232
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of the old people's self-efficacy on the quality of life. In other words, the impact of old people's self-efficacy on self-respect, old people's self-efficacy on quality of life, and old people's self-respect on quality of life were analyzed in depth. In particular, it was intended to use the recently emphasized variables of self-respect to verify the mediated effects of self-respect in the relationship between self-efficacy and flesh quality, suggesting ways to lead a happy life by improving the psychological satisfaction and quality of life through the participation of the elderly in sports-for-all. To achieve this purpose, 297 people aged 60 or older who participated in the sports-for-all program conducted by the city and district offices in Seoul for five months from May 1 to September 30, 2018 or who used public sports facilities such as parks and playgrounds were analyzed as subjects for research. The findings are as follows. First, the "self-efficacy" of the elderly participating in the sports-for-all has been shown to affect "self-respect." Second, the "self-efficacy" of the elderly participating in the sports-for-all has been shown to affect the "quality of life." Third, it has been shown that the "self-respect" of the elderly participating in sports for all affects the quality of life. Fourth, the "self-esteem" of the elderly participating in sports for all occurred in the relationship between self-efficacy and quality of life. The implications of this study are that the self-efficacy of the elderly participating in sports for daily life has been identified by using the parameters of self-respect. Through this, it was provided as empirical basic data to establish welfare policies for senior citizens to improve the quality of life of senior citizens by identifying their self-efficacy, self-respect, and quality of life.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.309-316
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptions and attitudes of nurses toward euthanasia. Method: In this descriptive study, data were collected from 485 nurses using a self-report questionnaire. The attitudes toward euthanasia scales were composed of four sub dimensions; quality of life, client's right, respect for life and medical ethics. The data were analyzed with descriptive and parametric statistics using SPSS WIN program. Results: Of the nurses, 84.7% were in agreement with constituting a law for euthanasia and 57.6% accepted passive euthanasia. Further, 80.1% would accept euthanasia for their own end-of-life situation. The most frequent reason for pro euthanasia was pain relief, and for con, respect for lift. The mean attitude score was 54.64 and that of sub dimensions, were 2.81 for quality of life, 3.21 for client's right, 2.87 for respect for life, and 2.84 for medical ethics. The nurses who were positive in their thinking about euthanasia had higher attitude scores. Among general characteristics of the nurses, attitudes scores were significantly different according to religion. Conclusion: Although many nurses had a positive concept of euthanasia, they still have ethical dilemmas in lift-sustaining care. Therefore training programs on moral rights are necessary to provide guidelines for end-of-life care.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was done to provide basic data for education of elementary school students on life-respect and peer bullying prevention. Methods: Participants were 5th and 6th grade elementary school students. Data from the questionnaires of 218 participants were analyzed. Results: 1) The mean score for degree of life-respect was 4.23 (${\pm}0.38$). The types of peer bullying were 'defenders of victims' ($3.19{\pm}0.93$), 'bullies' ($2.04{\pm}0.72$), 'victims' ($1.91{\pm}0.84$), 'bystanders' ($1.79{\pm}0.80$), and 'bully-followers' ($1.66{\pm}0.60$). 2) There was a significant difference in the degree of life-respect according to gender (t=-2.410, p=.017). Likewise, in the degree of peer bullying, among the type of 'bullies' there were significant differences according to grade (t=-2.285, p=.004), and gender (t=3.191, p=.002). Also, among the types of 'bully-followers' there were significant differences according to gender (t=2.053, p=.041), and having a religion or not (t=3.319, p=.001). 3) There was a significant correlation between life-respect and types of peer bullying. Conclusion: The results of this study provide helps for more effective provision of educational programs regarding life-respect and peer bullying.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.77-116
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• 2009

Owing to the development of Biotechnology, the involvement of humans in life before birth has been increasing. This means the need for the protection of unborn life takes on new importance. The respect for life and human beings which is based on fundamental constitutional principle should still be respected under civil law. This study examines how methods of respect for life are embodied in civil liability law. In particular, it enunciates the protection of unborn life within time-flow. Lastly, it studies the instruments of the civil liability law and the extent of protection for a fetus from the process of fertilization of an ovum by a sperm, development into an embryo and implantation. Especially, it looks into when and how the subject of the right changes. Besides, it critically scrutinizes the opinions of leading case lawyers and the Constitutional Court which conclude that, in order for a fetus to become the subject of Damage law, it is required to be born alive to comply with precedent. Furthermore, it suggests an alternative interpretation theory.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2007

Leisure time is a critical part of modern life and is increasingly important in modern society. Therefore, analyzing expectations and values of leisure and researching leisure practices are integral in measuring the quality of life. In this respect, differences between values and attitudes leading to the ideal leisure life and the actual leisure life could provoke negative influence on our lives, further, decreasing quality of life. Therefore, classifying leisure lifestyle through analyzing value of lifestyle and the actual state of leisure precisely is very necessary. Leisure lifestyle could be very useful standard satisfying various desires and demands related to leisure. In the research, we surveyed 3,000 people over 10 years of age, one on one interview method, asking value of life behaviors (Individualism vs. Collectivism, Pro-Stability vs. Pro-Change, Statistical way of life vs. Active way of life, Family-centered life vs. Work-centered life) and practices of leisure life (With whom, How frequently, Where, For what) in respect to both value and behaviors. Through this survey, five groups of leisure life type have been identified; "Community-oriented Type", "Cocoon Type", "Family-oriented Type", "Personal-stability Type" and "Multiplicity Type". These leisure lifestyles would provide effectual alternatives for reducing gaps between expectations for ideal leisure life and actual life. Furthermore, this could be used for ground work to develop measurements for satisfying various leisure demands.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.10-18
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• 2006

This study was designed to learn attitudes to euthanasia of nursing student. Data were collected from May 1 to May 30, 2005 by structured questionaires. The respondents joined in the study were 307 nursing student. Data were analyzed using SPSS program by percentage, t-test, one-way ANOVA and scheffe, The results obtained were as follows :1. The mean scores for euthanasia were 3.16 in medical ethics, 2.85 in respect for life, 2.83 in patient's rights, and 2.63 in quality of life, being 2.85 overall. 2. Those who have grade showed significantly higher scores for euthanasia. 3. About 56% of the respondents did not agree that passive euthanasia is justifiable, and 55% did not like performance of euthanasia. 4. The group admitting that passive euthanasia is ethically justifiable showed significantly higher scores in the patient's rights(t=6.031, p=.000), the respect for life(t=5.280, p=.000) and the medical ethics(t=5.558, p=.000) than the group which do not admit. 5. The group which would perform passive euthanasia showed significantly higher scores in the patient's rights(t=6.329, p=.000), the respect for life(t=6.339, p=.000), the quality of life (t=1.993, p=.047) and the medical ethics(t=6.240, p=.000) than the group which would not perform passive euthanasia.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.76-85
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• 2002

Purpose: This study has been designed to identify attitudes to euthanasia held by Korean nurses. Method: Data were collected through a survey, and the participants in the study were 234 Korean nurses. Convenience sampling method was used and analysis of the data was done with SPSS PC for descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. Results : 1. The mean score for euthanasia was 2.80. and the sub dimension mean scores were, patients' rights. 3.24, quality of life, 2 78, respect for life, 2.68, medical ethics, 2.50. 2. With respect to the general characteristics of participants there were statistically significant difference in total score according to religion (P= .01), and degree of influence of religion on behavior (P= .00). 3. There were statistically significant difference in score of quality of life according to religion (P= .04), degree of influence of religion on behavior (P= 00), decisions in euthanasia (P=.04), and legal permission (P= .04). 4. There was statistically significant difference in score of patient's right according to legal permission (P = .04). 5 There were statistically significant difference in the score of respect for life according to religion (P= .00), degree of influence of religion on behavior (P= .00), decision in euthnasia (P= .00), and legal permission (P= .00).

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.109-125
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• 2007

How an elderly people meets death is the matter of how he has lived his life. It is very important for an elderly people at the last step of his life to re-light up life and to meet death with dignity. The purpose of this study is to investigate where fear or anxiety of death come from among the four dimensins of death anxiety and to compare the differenced between the elderly group and non-elderly group, For this research, the 473 of the subjects from 20 to 80 years old attending social welfare center and community areas in Seoul have been questionned. The summary for the study mentioned the following: First, the overall scores of death anxiety, in the non-aged group, gender and religiosity are important factors affecting the decrease of death anxiety, On the other hand, in the aged group, self-respect, death readiness and number of friends are significant factors. Secondly, for death anxiety of self, age and spouse are significant relationships among non-aged group and gender, death readiness and number of friends for aged-group. In the dying of self, the following each three significant variables: gender, self-respect and spouse among non-aged group and gender, self-respect and number of friends among aged group. In death anxiety of others, age, view on next world and spouse are best predictor for non-aged group. Finally, family-relationship, self-respect and spouse are significant factors for aged group. In dying of others, only one factors are influenced for non-aged group, on the other hand, gender, self-respect and death readiness are important factors for aged group. There remains the need for more detailed examination into the nature of this relationship and the extent to which core components strongly affecting the above subscales.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.23-39
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine if there is any difference due to the general characteristics of middle school students who are beneficiaries of educational welfare services and a special quality of use about educational welfare services. Additionally, the examination has been performed to understand the relationship that exists between the satisfaction about educational welfare services, and adaptation to school life and self-respect of middle school students who are beneficiaries of educational welfare services. The results of the study showed meaningful higher scores by male students than female students only in the environmental adaptation area among lower areas in school life adaptation due to sex. Due to school year, third-year students showed meaningful high scores in school life adaptation. The satisfaction about programs in each area of educational welfare services of middle school students who are beneficiaries of educational welfare services showed a meaningful static relationship with school life adaptation. The inspection of the relationship between satisfaction about educational welfare services and 5 lower areas of school life adaptation showed statistically meaningful results in the order of adaptation to the teacher, adaptation to the environment and adaptation to the class, which are lower areas. The examination on the relationship between self-respect and adaptation to school life showed that self-respect has a static relationship with all lower areas of school life and overall school life adaptation. However, no meaningful relationship was shown between the satisfaction about educational welfare services and self-respect. Also, it was found that the factors of grade, self-respect, the number of service utilization have an effect on school life adaptation. This study has some limitations. But in this study, which is different from other studies which dealt with students who had used partial areas of educational welfare services, students who were using all 4 areas of educational welfare services were selected as subjects. In addition, this study is significant in that basic data has been offered for establishment of a policy on educational welfare services in middle schools in the future.