• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.143-153
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• 2019

Background: Ginseng is one of the well-known medicinal plants, exhibiting diverse medicinal effects. Its roots possess anticancer and antiaging properties and are being used in the medical systems of East Asian countries. It is grown in low-light and low-temperature conditions, and its growth is strongly inhibited at temperatures above $25^{\circ}C$. However, the molecular responses of ginseng to heat stress are currently poorly understood, especially at the protein level. Methods: We used a shotgun proteomics approach to investigate the effect of heat stress on ginseng leaves. We monitored their photosynthetic efficiency to confirm physiological responses to a high-temperature stress. Results: The results showed a reduction in photosynthetic efficiency on heat treatment ($35^{\circ}C$) starting at 48 h. Label-free quantitative proteome analysis led to the identification of 3,332 proteins, of which 847 were differentially modulated in response to heat stress. The MapMan analysis showed that the proteins with increased abundance were mainly associated with antioxidant and translation-regulating activities, whereas the proteins related to the receptor and structural-binding activities exhibited decreased abundance. Several other proteins including chaperones, G-proteins, calcium-signaling proteins, transcription factors, and transfer/carrier proteins were specifically downregulated. Conclusion: These results increase our understanding of heat stress responses in the leaves of ginseng at the protein level, for the first time providing a resource for the scientific community.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.19-38
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between emergency medical service accessibility in different regions and the sudden death rate in elderly patients with ischemic heart disease using data analysis techniques and suggest improvements in regional emergency medical services. Methods: The study collected data from the NEDIS database and Statistics Korea. Data on a total of 75,867 patients aged ≥65 years were reviewed among patients with ischemic heart disease who visited emergency medical institutions in 2018. Frequency analysis, chi-square test, multiple logistic regression analysis, and simple logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS PC Window 25.0. Results: With an emergency medical resource per 100km², there was a concomitant reduction in the risk of death. There was a decrease in the death rate by 0.967, 0.970, 0.997, and 0.391 times with the increase in the presence of a fire department, an ambulance, a paramedic, and a regional medical center, respectively. Furthermore, a decrement in the death rate was witnessed 0.844, 0.825, and 0.975 times with the initiation of a local emergency medical center, a local emergency medical institution, and an angiography device, respectively(p <.001). Conclusion: To improve the accessibility of emergency medical services, the population and geometric area of the region should be considered essential factors when deploying emergency medical resources.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.179-186
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• 2021

We need measures that can come up with alternative about fishery living zone and enhance local acceptance for responding to the increase in the proportion of renewable energy production and construction of 12GW Offshore wind power according to Korea's Renewable Energy 3020 initiative and Korean-version New Deal. In this study, We suggest that differentiation plans of co-location model in connection with offshore wind power generation suitable for the East Sea. The East Sea is an optimal site for building of a floating offshore wind power generation(FOWPG) field. It is expected that economic effects like energy production, aquatic resource development and tourism industrialization by farming bluefin tuna which is high valued fish and suitable for offshore aquaculture on public waters in FOWPG field. And we can confirm that budget reduction, smart management by sharing operation management technology and increase in fishermen income.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.445-454
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• 2020

Background: Culturing wild ginseng adventitious root using plant factory technology provides genetic safety and high productivity. This production technology is drawing attention in the fields of functional raw materials and product development. The cultivation method using elicitors is key technology for controlling biomass and increasing secondary metabolites. Methods and Results: Elicitor treatments using methyl jasmonate, pyruvic acid, squalene, β-sistosterol were performed to amplify total ginsenosides (Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, and Rd) of cultured wild ginseng adventitious root. Thereafter, fermentation and steaming processes were performed to convert total ginsenosides into minor molecular ginsenosides (Rg3, Rk1, and Rg5). The result indicated that methyl jasmonate minimizes the reduction in fresh weight of cultured wild ginseng adventitious root and maximizes total ginsenosides (sum of Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, and Rd). Ginsenoside conversion results showed a maximum degree of conversion of 131 mg/g. Conclusions: In this study, we demonstrated that the optimal elicitor treatment method increased the content of total ginsenosides, while the steaming and fermentation processing method increased the content of minor ginsenosides.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 2011

In this study, the effect of surface coating on iron-sulfide mineral for preventing the product acid mine drainage(AMD) was progressed by oxidation process of sulfide minerals abandoned mine Area. Three abandoned mines, Yongdong coal mine, Sil Lim mine, and Il Koang mine were selected as a sulfide mineral resource due to higher contamination rate. Six coating agents, apatite, limestone, mangnite, dolomite, bentonite, and cement were used for preventing the AMD with $H_2O_2$ and NaClO as a oxidizing agent helping for oxidizing process on sulfide minerals. Experimental results showed that sulfide mineral surface was coated effectively. Cement has a higher ability of preventing AMD when the ratio of cement to mineralis 1:1 and experimental condition is maintaining 4Days.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.289-296
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• 2021

The Korean construction industry has been implementing G-SEED, a certification system that evaluates the environmental properties of buildings for the purpose of reducing environmental burdens such as energy and resource consumption and pollutant emissions. Also, creating a pleasant environment in general is one more purpose of G-SEED certification system. However, G-SEED certification in practice is difficult and time consuming due to the complexity of the certification acquisition process coupled with little economic consideration for the materials of each certification item. Therefore, in this study, we present a model for the optimal selection of materials and economic assessment using a genetic algorithm. The development of the model involves building a material database based on life-cycle costing (LCC) targeted at "Application of Indoor Air Pollutant Low Emission Material" from G-SEED. Next, the model was validated using a real non-residential building case study. The result shows an average cost reduction rate of 74.5 % compared with the existing cost. This model is expected to be used as an economically efficient tool in G-SEED.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.615-624
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• 2020

Background and objective: Urbanization caused a reduction in urban green space and a lack of community spaces. An attempt to solve these problems, urban gardens, have become popular and are currently being implemented in various downtown areas. However, urban gardens have some inadequate aspects from a visual or landscape perspective. The goal of this study was to examine the possibility of an aesthetic and productive garden space by introducing cultivation methods through the planting system design process. Methods: The design process using plants was classified and presented to suggest the importance of the landscape and aesthetic value. An urban garden space was designed according to the perspective of 'production scenery' and 'participation aesthetics'. According to the characteristics of the plant, urban gardens were divided into vertical type (corn, millet, sorghum), climbing type (kidney bean, cucumber, bitter gourd), and runner type (melon, watermelon, peanut). After classifying plants according to the shape of the root, the structure supporting climbing was installed and the crops were cultivated in an upright form with a tunnel. Results: In the designed cultivation, each crop cooperates, without invading each other's space. Compared with the conventional cultivation, there was little difference in production, and management was made more convenient since weed outbreaks were effectively suppressed while runner type crops cover over the land's surface. Since the positions of each crop are clearly distinguished, the aesthetic value is improved by offering a sense of rhythm with a balanced design. Conclusion: The results suggest that the cultivation methods through the plant system design process have aesthetic as well as productive value, and the design using plants, an infinite living resource, could lead to an expansion of the design field. Moreover, it would enable a sustainable symbiosis between industry and environment. There is potential for the design industry to make significant progress through collaboration with agriculture, horticulture, and landscape architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.4_2
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• pp.587-594
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• 2022

In the 2000s, a lot of cable-type grand bridges are being built in consideration of economic aspects such as the reduction of logistics costs and the distribution of traffic volume due to rapid economic development. In addition, because the recently installed grand bridges are designed in an aesthetic form that matches the surrounding environment as well as the original function of the road bridge, and serves as a milestone in an area and is used as an excellent tourism resource, attracting many vehicles and people, there is an urgent need for a safety structure that can ensure the safety of not only vehicles but also people. In order to make cable-stayed bridge safe on wind for additional five safety structures, main girder models with and without safety structures for wind-tunnel experiments was made, and wind tunnel experiments was carried out to measure aerodynamic force coefficients. Also, wind-resistant analyses of 3D cable-stayed bridge were performed on the basis of wind-tunnel experiment results. From the wind tunnel experiments for the aerodynamic force coefficients of main girder with five safety structures and the wind resistant analyses of cable-stayed bridge without safety structure and with safety structure, it was concluded that the best form of wind-resistant safety was shown in the order of mesh, standard, bracing, hollow, and closed type. And wind-resistant safety of cable-stayed bridge with hollow and closed type on design wind speed 68.0m/sec was not secured. Finally, as five safety structures are installed, maximum rate of stress increments was shown in the order of steel main beam, steel floor beam, concrete floor beam and cables.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.374-374
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• 2023

Groundwater is the main source of water on which relies many countries in case of emergency, this is the case of Japan in 2011 after the great Sendai Earthquake. This important resource is found to be heavily influenced by human induced factors such as wetland area reduction. For groundwater sustainable management in perfect cohesion with wetland it is important to understand the relationship between both resources. Wetlands have a strong interaction with both groundwater and surface water, influencing catchment hydrology and water quality. Quantifying groundwater-wetland interactions can help better identify locations for wetlands restoration and/or protection. This study uses observation data from piezometers and wetland to study the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the correlation. Groundwater level, wetland area, chemical, organic and inorganic contaminants are the important parameters used. the results proved that few contaminants in the wetland are found in groundwater and in general the wetland quality does not affect that much groundwater quality. The strong linear relationship found between wetland water level and nearest groundwater level proved that, in term of quantity, groundwater and wetland are strongly correlated. While wetland becoming dry, groundwater level has dropped in the region about 0.52m. The area of wetland was found to be lightly correlated with groundwater level, proving that wetlands dry has contributed to groundwater level declining. This study has showed that whilst rainfall variability contributed to the decline and loss of wetlands, the impacts from landuse changes and groundwater extraction were likely to be significant contributors to the observed losses.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.272-275
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• 2009

Carbon finance is the investment in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission reduction projects in developing countries and countries with economies in transition within the framework of the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) or Joint Implementation (JI) and with creation of financial instruments, i.e., carbon credits, which are tradable in carbon market. The additional revenue generated from carbon credits will increase the bankability of projects by reducing the risks of commercial lending or grant finance. Meantime, it has also demonstrated numerous opportunities for collaborating across sectors, and has served as a catalyst in bringing climate issues to bear in projects relating to rural electrification, renewable energy, energy efficiency, urban infrastructure, waste management, pollution abatement, forestry, and water resource management. Establishing additionality is essential for successful CDM project development. One of the key steps is the investment analysis. As guided by UNFCCC, financial indicators such as IRR, NPV, DSCR etc are most commonly used in both Option II & Option III. However, economic indicator such as Economic Internal Rate of Return(EIRR) are often overlooked in Option III even it might be more suitable for the project. This could be due to the difficulties in economic analysis. Although Asian Development Bank(ADB) has given guidelines in evaluating EIRR, there are still large amount of works have to be carried out in estimating the economic, financial, social and environmental benefits in the host country. This paper will present a case study of a CDM development of a 18 MW hydro power plant with carbon finance option in central Vietnam. The estimation of respective factors in EIRR, such as Willingness to Pay(WTP), shadow price etc, will be addressed with the adjustment to Vietnam local provincial factors. The significance of carbon finance to Vietnam renewable energy development will also be addressed.