• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2000

Sustainable development has been the key concept, both in economic policies and in environmental management since 1970s. In the view of systems ecology, sustainable resource use strategies are considered to be essential in achieving sustainable development. During the last three decades, the discipline of systems ecology has applied ecological energetic analysis to the evaluation of the contribution of natural environments to economic systems. ENERGY analysis of main energy flows driving the economy of humans and life support systems of a city was made including environmental energies, fuel, and inputs, all expressed as solar emjoules. Total EMERGY use of Pusan was 3.89 E22 sej/yr, about 90 percent of it was purchased sources from outside during eleven years from 1985 to 1995. EMERGY flows from the environment were less than 10 percent. EMERGY yield ratio and environmental loading ratio were 1.10 and 10.45, respectively. EMERGY sustainability index is there(ore less than one, which is indicative of highly developed consumer oriented economies. Development of a city has been achieved in the short run by the economic growth, but it can be sustained in the long run by the use of renewable resource systems.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.451-477
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• 2006

At the "Dissemination Stage", the newly configured technical design is compared with other alternatives to come up with the most desirable selection. The assessment conducted at this stage is not a simple procedure. It goes through the complex evaluation process in which various elements including economic effects and technical characteristics are considered. The reason for taking such a complex procedure is that the assessment, selection and application of the desirable technical alternative is critical for the company's competitive edge in every field of industrial sectors, thus influencing its survival and continuous growth. This study reviews the MAUT method for assessing technical alternatives of the thermal supply system design. And, to show the practical validity of the MAUT method, it is applied to the evaluation of thermal supply system alternatives in the field of energy supply system technology.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.55-70
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• 2015

This study aims to clarify the difference between scores for time management practice and the self-evaluation of time use according to time rules in families. This study used data obtained from the first survey on after-school activities in 2008, conducted by the Benesse Educational Research and Development Institute in Japan. The study sample consists of 3,372 middle school students. First, scores for independence and planning were highest in third grade, yet the score for regularity was also lowest in third grade. There will be different lifestyles even among middle school students of the same grade, so it is necessary to consider their characteristics and family rules. Second, the scores for independence, regularity and planning were lowest in groups whose families had rules about time (time rules for curfew, time rules for watching television, time rules for playing games), but in which those rules were not kept. These results were similar for both boys and girls and show that it is more important keep rules rather than to make rules.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.133-154
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• 2007

This research investigated consumer's usage of, evaluation on and satisfaction of the Auction Site, with a view to analyze the key factors influencing a commission paid Auction Site. The findings of results from the analysis are summarized as follows. First of all, the consumer group at the age equal to and less than 20 years old showed the highest purchasing frequency, and the consumer group with a household income less than 2,500,000 won showed the highest number of hours on the site. Secondly, the evaluation index showed that consumers think highly of the complaint resolution process, and, especially, the aged consumer group respected the Auction Site's level of confidentiality of transaction and privacy. Thirdly, among consumers' satisfaction, subdivided by types, price satisfaction was the highest followed by quality satisfaction, settlement satisfaction, delivery satisfaction, information satisfaction and AS satisfaction, in that order. Fourthly, in the event consumers used the commission paid Auction Site, the number of times it has been used, evaluations related to information provision and evaluations on confidentiality of transactions and privacy are influential parameters.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.537-546
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• 2021

Remanufacturing is one of the most important resource recycling technology in response to resource depletion and environmental pollution. Domestic remanufacturing industry don't invigorate compared to other advanced countries because of low price and reliability of remanufactured product. In this study, remanufactured hydraulic pump and solenoid valve were evaluated durability by accelerated life test. In order that standard remanufacturing process was developed by core analysis and failure mode and effect analysis. And cores were remanufactured by standard remanufacturing process. For accelerated life test, the evaluation item and criteria were deduced by results of FMEA, reliability standards and enterprise interior criteria. To evaluate durability of remanufactured product, the remanufactured hydraulic pump and solenoid valve were evaluated performance after accelerated life test and the results were satisfied with criteria. This study showed that remanufactured products have a similar level of durability to new products by definition of remanufacturing.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to present and identify the relationship for the effects of performance-based human resource practices on the organizational effectiveness with focusing on small and medium-sized enterprises around Shandong province of China. The performance-based human resource practice factors include selective employment system, education training system, evaluation system, compensation system and the career promotion ladder opportunity system. As a result, among ten hypotheses, six hypotheses turned out to be the meaningful approaches. In addition there exist some human factors that interfere with the fairness of the evaluation due to the regional and personal factors, assessment system difference among firms. Finally the compensation system and organizational investment for increasing or decreasing will critically affect the enthusiasm of the staff members of firms, and the less invested for thema, the greater the likelihood of their turnovers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.797-803
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• 2011

In this study, we developed the assessment method that evaluate the water demand management and calculate the water saving volume using water use indicator, and developed the system to link the water saving volume that occur through demand management and water supply and demand. The results from this study, local governments with poor water conditions should be followed to improve the water supply. And, future water demand estimates should be even considering it. We calculated the water saving volume of the Geum River basin using K-WEAP (Korea-Water Evaluation And Planning System) and performed the water budget analysis. We found that the change of river flow, ground water level and reservoir water level, and it can be utilized for other demand.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2020

Purpose: The baby boomers and the millennials, who make up the largest share of the market, are showing the gap in their differentiated cultural styles. The purpose of this study is to study the consumption propensity and purchasing determinants of the baby boomers generation and the millennials generation, which have become a very important key pillar in shaping the market based on the cultural dimension model theory of h(=>H)opstead, and to identify the difference Research design, data, and methodology: In order to verify the research hypotheses, The data was collected from the baby boomers and the millennials using online questionnaires. The pre-test was conducted from October 10 to 12, 2019, and the main survey was conducted from October 15 to 25. A total of 230 copies were recalled, and the final 219 copies were used for the final analysis. Results: The consumption propensity between the baby boomers and the millennials differed in resource saving purchase propensity and impulse buying propensity. The baby boomers showed higher resource saving purchase propensity than the millennials, while the millennials showed higher impulse buying propensity. There was a difference in the determinants to purchasing only in the evaluation factor. Results of gender differences by generation, baby boomers differed in their planned purchase propensity, and women were higher. The millennials generation differed in resource saving purchase propensity and awareness propensity for others, all higher in men. In determinants to purchasing, the baby boomers did not differ in gender, and the millennials did differ in product factors. A canonical correlations analysis of the relationship between the baby boomers and the millennials showed a significant relationship between consumption propensity and determinants to purchasing. Also, the baby boomer generation has the biggest link between impulse buying propensity and evaluation factor. The millennials generation showed the biggest link between resource saving purchase and product factors. Conclusions: This study compared consumption propensity and determinants to purchasing of baby boomers and millennials on the basis of Hopstead's cultural dimension model theory to identify differences between generations, presenting practical and theoretical implications for establishing a correct understanding and specific marketing strategy among generation.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.51-77
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• 2018

This study aimed to determine eco-friendly factors on the aspects of library service, materials provided or handled by the library, and programs including educational programs. Furthermore, it was setup to perform a trial evaluation for the eco-friendliness of the library based on the determined evaluation standards by this study. Results are as follows; First, regarding the question of 'Do employees of the library think that establishment of green libraries is necessary?', the employees of the libraries responded yes by 65.52%, but only 4.6% responded that it would not be necessary. Second, in analyzing the most important evaluation areas of green libraries according to the opinions of the libraries' employees, they were ranked in order: the indoor environment, energy and prevention of environmental pollution, and material and resource areas. Third, 11 areas were determined to evaluate the level of greening in the libraries; the highest averages were scored 510 for the area of energy and prevention of environmental pollution, 415 for the area of library resource, and 320 for the area of indoor environment. Last, the libraries were graded based on actual data according to the results to measure the level of greening, two libraries were graded as Diamond, the highest grade, accounting for 15.39% of all libraries; Gold and Silver grades accounted for another 15.39%, together five Certified graded libraries accounted for 38.46%, which was the highest rate among the libraries. Any library scoring less than 20% when compared to the full score was graded as Non-certified, and one library, which scored 15.06% fell into this category. The results of this study set up to serve as basic data for the direction of development for green libraries in our country, as well as reference for the employees of libraries in constructing or remodeling library buildings, establishing service infrastructure, providing information service, and planning library duties in an eco-friendly way.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.95-111
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• 2005

This study utilized representative data and categorized consumer groups by the style of purchase behavior, and examined the differences in consumers' evaluation for their consumption life and socio-demographic variables. The results of this study are summarized below First, the level of satisfaction for consumption life and evaluation of consumption level were in medium. The evaluation for society's consumption behavior was negative and did not agree that consumers' own behaviors are rational, but others' are conspicuous. The trend of consumers' conspicuous behavior and fashion-focused behavior were severe, but consumers' rationality was low. Second, males were more likely to be in rationality, but females were in both rationality and fashion-focused behaviors. Single consumers were more likely to follow fashion-based behavior, but married consumers prefer name-brand products and more likely to show conspicuous consumption. Low education was more related with convenience-focused behavior and rationality, but high education was more related with fashion-focused behavior and irrationality. Young consumers were more likely to show fashion-focused behavior, but old consumers follow convenience-focused behavior. Third, the level of satisfaction for consumption life was the highest in rational consumers, but low in consumers focused on name-brand products and on conspicuous consumption. The evaluation of consumption level was low in rational consumers and consumers focused on convenience, but high in consumers focused on name-brand products and on fashion. Rational consumers were more likely to evaluate society's consumption behavior negatively, and consumers focused on convenience were more likely to disagree for the discrepance in the evaluation of consumption behavior between consumers themselves and others.